fix(vault): apply Shamir custody review feedback

Reviewed-on: #102
Reviewed-by: Stas <business@jexter.tech>

AGENTS.md

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 # AGENTS.md
 
-This file provides guidance to Codex (Codex.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.
+Guidance for coding agents (Claude Code, Codex, …) working in this repository.
 
 ## Project Overview
 
-Arbiter is a **permissioned signing service** for cryptocurrency wallets. It consists of:
+Arbiter is a **permissioned signing service** for cryptocurrency wallets:
+
 - **`server/`** — Rust gRPC daemon that holds encrypted keys and enforces policies
-- **`operator/`** — Flutter desktop app (macOS/Windows) with a Rust backend via Rinf
+- **`useragent/`** — Flutter app (desktop + mobile + web targets) with a Rust core via `flutter_rust_bridge`
-- **`protobufs/`** — Protocol Buffer definitions shared between server and client
+- **`protobufs/`** — Protocol Buffer definitions shared between server and clients
+- **`docs/`** — `ARCHITECTURE.md` (peer types, flows, threat model) and `IMPLEMENTATION.md`; treat them as the design source of truth and update them when behaviour changes
+- **`scripts/`** — helper scripts, e.g. `gen_erc20_registry.py`
 
 The vault never exposes key material; it only produces signatures when requests satisfy configured policies.
 
@@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ Tools are managed via [mise](https://mise.jdx.dev/). Install all required tools:
 mise install
 ```
 
-Key versions: Rust 1.93.0 (with clippy), Flutter 3.38.9-stable, protoc 29.6, diesel_cli 2.3.6 (sqlite).
+Key versions live in `mise.toml` (currently Rust 1.95.0 with clippy, Flutter 3.41.7-stable, protoc 29.6, diesel_cli 2.3.7 with `sqlite-bundled`, Python 3.14). Also provided there: `cargo-nextest`, `cargo-audit`, `cargo-vet`, `cargo-shear`, `cargo-mutants`, `cargo-features-manager`, `cargo-edit`, `ast-grep`, `flutter_rust_bridge_codegen`.
 
 ## Server (Rust workspace at `server/`)
 
@@ -26,10 +29,14 @@ Key versions: Rust 1.93.0 (with clippy), Flutter 3.38.9-stable, protoc 29.6, die
 
 | Crate | Purpose |
 |---|---|
-| `arbiter-proto` | Generated gRPC stubs + protobuf types; compiled from `protobufs/*.proto` via `tonic-prost-build` |
+| `arbiter-proto` | Generated gRPC stubs + protobuf types (`tonic-prost-build`); also `ArbiterUrl`, `home_path()`, `BOOTSTRAP_PATH` |
-| `arbiter-server` | Main daemon — actors, DB, EVM policy engine, gRPC service implementation |
+| `arbiter-crypto` | Shared crypto primitives: `authn` (ML-DSA), `safecell` (hardened memory), `hashing::Hashable`, re-exported `x-wing` |
-| `arbiter-operator` | Rust client library for the operator side of the gRPC protocol |
+| `arbiter-macros` | `#[derive(Hashable)]` — canonical hashing of structs for the DB integrity layer |
-| `arbiter-client` | Rust client library for SDK clients |
+| `arbiter-server` | Main daemon — actors, peers, DB, EVM policy engine, gRPC service implementation |
+| `arbiter-client` | Rust client library for SDK clients (`ArbiterClient`, EVM wallet, key storage) |
+| `arbiter-tokens-registry` | Generated ERC-20 token registry used by token-transfer policies |
+
+Workspace lints (`server/Cargo.toml`) are strict: most of clippy `pedantic`/`nursery` plus a large restriction set. `as` casts, indexing/slicing, `dbg!`, float arithmetic and undocumented `unsafe` are denied or warned — expect to add an `#[expect(..., reason = "...")]` rather than to silence a lint globally.
 
 ### Common Commands
 
@@ -42,54 +49,78 @@ cargo build
 # Run the server daemon
 cargo run -p arbiter-server
 
-# Run all tests (preferred over cargo test)
+# Run all tests (preferred over cargo test; CI uses --all-features)
 cargo nextest run
 
 # Run a single test
 cargo nextest run <test_name>
 
-# Lint
+# Lint (CI runs it with -D warnings)
-cargo clippy
+cargo clippy --all -- -D warnings
 
 # Security audit
 cargo audit
 
+# Supply-chain review (config in server/supply-chain/)
+cargo vet
+
 # Check unused dependencies
 cargo shear
 
-# Run snapshot tests and update snapshots
+# Mutation testing
-cargo insta review
+cargo mutants
 ```
 
+### CI
+
+Woodpecker pipelines in `.woodpecker/` run on `server/**` changes: `server-lint` (clippy), `server-test` (nextest, `--all-features`), `server-audit`, `server-vet`, plus `useragent-analyze` for the Flutter app.
+
 ### Architecture
 
-The server is actor-based using the **kameo** crate. All long-lived state lives in `GlobalActors`:
+The server is actor-based using the **kameo** crate. Long-lived state lives in `GlobalActors` (`src/actors/mod.rs`):
 
-- **`Bootstrapper`** — Manages the one-time bootstrap token written to `~/.arbiter/bootstrap_token` on first run.
+- **`Bootstrapper`** — one-time bootstrap token, written to `~/.arbiter/bootstrap_token` on first run
-- **`Vault`** — Holds the encrypted root key and manages the Sealed/Unsealed vault state machine. On unseal, decrypts the root key into a `memsafe` hardened memory cell.
+- **`Vault`** — encrypted root key and the Sealed/Unsealed state machine; on unseal decrypts the root key into a `memsafe`-backed `SafeCell`
-- **`FlowCoordinator`** — Coordinates cross-connection flow between operators and SDK clients.
+- **`FlowCoordinator`** — cross-connection flow between operators and SDK clients
-- **`EvmActor`** — Handles EVM transaction policy enforcement and signing.
+- **`OperatorRegistry`** — tracks currently connected operators
+- **`EvmActor`** — EVM transaction policy enforcement and signing
+- **`events`** — a `kameo_actors::MessageBus` (`DeliveryStrategy::Guaranteed`) for cross-actor notifications
 
-Per-connection actors live under `actors/operator/` and `actors/client/`, each with `auth` (challenge-response authentication) and `session` (post-auth operations) sub-modules.
+Per-connection state lives under **`src/peers/`**, not `actors/`: `peers/client/` and `peers/operator/`, each with `auth` (challenge-response) and `session` (post-auth) sub-modules; the operator side additionally has `vault_gate/` for the unseal handshake.
 
-**Database:** SQLite via `diesel-async` + `bb8` connection pool. Schema managed by embedded Diesel migrations in `crates/arbiter-server/migrations/`. DB file lives at `~/.arbiter/arbiter.sqlite`. Tests use a temp-file DB via `db::create_test_pool()`.
+The gRPC surface lives in **`src/grpc/`**, split per peer (`client/`, `operator/`, `common/`) and per direction (`inbound.rs` — requests to the daemon, `outbound.rs` — server-initiated streams), with `request_tracker.rs` correlating the two.
+
+EVM logic is in `src/evm/`: `policies/ether_transfer/`, `policies/token_transfers/`, `abi.rs`, `safe_signer.rs`.
+
+**Database:** SQLite via `diesel-async` + `bb8`. Schema in `src/db/schema.rs`, models in `src/db/models.rs`, embedded migrations in `crates/arbiter-server/migrations/`. DB file lives at `~/.arbiter/arbiter.sqlite`; tests use a temp-file DB via `db::create_test_pool()`.
+
+Entity ids are newtypes generated by the `declare_id!` macro in `db::models` (`OperatorId`, `ChainId`, …), each a `#[repr(transparent)]` wrapper over `i32` with `to_raw`/`from_raw`. Pass these around instead of bare `i32`.
+
+**Row integrity:** sensitive rows are covered by an HMAC-SHA256 envelope (`src/crypto/integrity/`, table `integrity_envelope`), keyed from the vault root key. A struct becomes coverable by deriving `arbiter_macros::Hashable` and implementing `Integrable` (`KIND` + `VERSION`). When adding or changing a covered entity, keep the derive and the payload version in sync — a mismatch surfaces as `PayloadVersionMismatch` or `MacMismatch` at runtime.
 
 **Cryptography:**
-- Authentication: ed25519 (challenge-response, nonce-tracked per peer)
+- Authentication: **ML-DSA-87** (post-quantum, `arbiter-crypto::authn::v1`), challenge-response with per-peer nonce tracking
-- Encryption at rest: XChaCha20-Poly1305 (versioned via `scheme` field for transparent migration on unseal)
+- Encryption at rest: XChaCha20-Poly1305, versioned modules (`crypto/encryption/v1.rs`) with a `schema_version` column for transparent migration on unseal
 - Password KDF: Argon2
-- Unseal transport: X25519 ephemeral key exchange
+- Unseal transport: X25519 ephemeral key exchange (`peers/operator/vault_gate/`); `x-wing` (hybrid PQ KEM) is available via `arbiter-crypto`
-- TLS: self-signed certificate (aws-lc-rs backend), fingerprint distributed via `ArbiterUrl`
+- TLS: self-signed certificate (rustls + aws-lc-rs, `prefer-post-quantum`), fingerprint distributed via `ArbiterUrl`
 
-**Protocol:** gRPC with Protocol Buffers. The `ArbiterUrl` type encodes host, port, CA cert, and bootstrap token into a single shareable string (printed to console on first run).
+Crypto modules are versioned by convention: `mod.rs` re-exports the current `vN`. Add a `v(N+1)` rather than editing an existing version in place.
+
+**Protocol:** gRPC with Protocol Buffers. `ArbiterUrl` encodes host, port, CA cert and bootstrap token into a single shareable string (printed to console on first run).
 
 ### Proto Regeneration
 
-When `.proto` files in `protobufs/` change, rebuild to regenerate:
+`arbiter-proto/build.rs` compiles `arbiter.proto`, `operator.proto`, `client.proto` and `evm.proto` (with their `shared/`, `operator/`, `client/` includes) on build:
 ```sh
 cd server && cargo build -p arbiter-proto
 ```
 
+Dart protobuf stubs are generated separately, from the repo root:
+```sh
+mise run codegen   # protoc --dart_out=grpc:useragent/lib/proto
+```
+
 ### Database Migrations
 
 ```sh
@@ -100,6 +131,8 @@ diesel migration generate <name> --migration-dir crates/arbiter-server/migration
 diesel migration run --migration-dir crates/arbiter-server/migrations
 ```
 
+Pre-release policy: there is a single `init` migration and no deployed databases yet, so schema changes are made by editing that migration directly instead of stacking new ones. Regenerate `src/db/schema.rs` after changing it.
+
 ### Code Conventions
 
 **`#[must_use]` Attribute:**
@@ -121,29 +154,23 @@ pub fn verify(&self, nonce: i32, context: &[u8], signature: &Signature) -> bool
 
 This forces callers to either use the return value or explicitly ignore it with `let _ = ...;`, preventing silent failures.
 
-## Operator (Flutter + Rinf at `operator/`)
+## User Agent (Flutter + flutter_rust_bridge at `useragent/`)
 
-The Flutter app uses [Rinf](https://rinf.cunarist.org) to call Rust code. The Rust logic lives in `operator/native/hub/` as a separate crate that uses `arbiter-operator` for the gRPC client.
+The Flutter app calls Rust through [flutter_rust_bridge](https://cjycode.com/flutter_rust_bridge/) 2.12.0. The Rust side is the `rust_lib_arbiter` crate at `useragent/rust/`; everything exposed to Dart is declared in `useragent/rust/src/api/` and lands in `useragent/lib/src/rust/` (see `useragent/flutter_rust_bridge.yaml`). Dart UI code is organised as `lib/features/`, `lib/screens/`, `lib/widgets/`, `lib/providers/`, `lib/theme/`, with routing in `lib/router.dart` (`router.gr.dart` is generated).
-
-Communication between Dart and Rust uses typed **signals** defined in `operator/native/hub/src/signals/`. After modifying signal structs, regenerate Dart bindings:
-
-```sh
-cd operator && rinf gen
-```
 
 ### Common Commands
 
 ```sh
-cd operator
+cd useragent
 
-# Run the app (macOS or Windows)
+# Run the app
 flutter run
 
-# Regenerate Rust↔Dart signal bindings
+# Regenerate Rust↔Dart bindings after editing rust/src/api/
-rinf gen
+mise run codegen        # flutter_rust_bridge_codegen generate
 
-# Analyze Dart code
+# Analyze Dart code (also run in CI)
 flutter analyze
 ```
 
-The Rinf Rust entry point is `operator/native/hub/src/lib.rs`. It spawns actors defined in `operator/native/hub/src/actors/` which handle Dart↔server communication via signals.
+Note: `app/` contains only stale generated Flutter artifacts and is not the application source.

app/.dart_tool/extension_discovery/README.md

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-Extension Discovery Cache
-=========================
-
-This folder is used by `package:extension_discovery` to cache lists of
-packages that contains extensions for other packages.
-
-DO NOT USE THIS FOLDER
-----------------------
-
- * Do not read (or rely) the contents of this folder.
- * Do write to this folder.
-
-If you're interested in the lists of extensions stored in this folder use the
-API offered by package `extension_discovery` to get this information.
-
-If this package doesn't work for your use-case, then don't try to read the
-contents of this folder. It may change, and will not remain stable.
-
-Use package `extension_discovery`
----------------------------------
-
-If you want to access information from this folder.
-
-Feel free to delete this folder
--------------------------------
-
-Files in this folder act as a cache, and the cache is discarded if the files
-are older than the modification time of `.dart_tool/package_config.json`.
-
-Hence, it should never be necessary to clear this cache manually, if you find a
-need to do please file a bug.

app/.dart_tool/extension_discovery/vs_code.json

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"version":2,"entries":[{"package":"app","rootUri":"../","packageUri":"lib/"}]}

app/.dart_tool/package_config.json

@@ -1,178 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "configVersion": 2,
-  "packages": [
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-      "rootUri": "file:///Users/kaska/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dev/async-2.13.0",
-      "packageUri": "lib/",
-      "languageVersion": "3.4"
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-}

app/.dart_tool/package_graph.json

@@ -1,230 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "roots": [
-    "app"
-  ],
-  "packages": [
-    {
-      "name": "app",
-      "version": "1.0.0+1",
-      "dependencies": [
-        "cupertino_icons",
-        "flutter"
-      ],
-      "devDependencies": [
-        "flutter_lints",
-        "flutter_test"
-      ]
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-      "name": "flutter_lints",
-      "version": "6.0.0",
-      "dependencies": [
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-      ]
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-      "version": "0.0.0",
-      "dependencies": [
-        "clock",
-        "collection",
-        "fake_async",
-        "flutter",
-        "leak_tracker_flutter_testing",
-        "matcher",
-        "meta",
-        "path",
-        "stack_trace",
-        "stream_channel",
-        "test_api",
-        "vector_math"
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-      "version": "1.0.8",
-      "dependencies": []
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-    {
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-      "version": "0.0.0",
-      "dependencies": [
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-        "collection",
-        "material_color_utilities",
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-        "sky_engine",
-        "vector_math"
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-        "string_scanner",
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-      "dependencies": []
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-      "version": "0.11.1",
-      "dependencies": [
-        "collection"
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-    {
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-      "version": "1.4.0",
-      "dependencies": []
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "async",
-      "version": "2.13.0",
-      "dependencies": [
-        "collection",
-        "meta"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "leak_tracker_testing",
-      "version": "3.0.2",
-      "dependencies": [
-        "leak_tracker",
-        "matcher",
-        "meta"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "leak_tracker",
-      "version": "11.0.2",
-      "dependencies": [
-        "clock",
-        "collection",
-        "meta",
-        "path",
-        "vm_service"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "term_glyph",
-      "version": "1.2.2",
-      "dependencies": []
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "string_scanner",
-      "version": "1.4.1",
-      "dependencies": [
-        "source_span"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "source_span",
-      "version": "1.10.2",
-      "dependencies": [
-        "collection",
-        "path",
-        "term_glyph"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "boolean_selector",
-      "version": "2.1.2",
-      "dependencies": [
-        "source_span",
-        "string_scanner"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "vm_service",
-      "version": "15.0.2",
-      "dependencies": []
-    }
-  ],
-  "configVersion": 1
-}

app/.dart_tool/version

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-3.38.9

docs/superpowers/plans/2026-03-28-grant-grid-view.md

@@ -1,821 +0,0 @@
-# Grant Grid View Implementation Plan
-
-> **For agentic workers:** REQUIRED SUB-SKILL: Use superpowers:subagent-driven-development (recommended) or superpowers:executing-plans to implement this plan task-by-task. Steps use checkbox (`- [ ]`) syntax for tracking.
-
-**Goal:** Add an "EVM Grants" dashboard tab that displays all grants as enriched cards (type, chain, wallet address, client name) with per-card revoke support.
-
-**Architecture:** A new `walletAccessListProvider` fetches wallet accesses with their DB row IDs. The screen (`grants.dart`) watches only `evmGrantsProvider` for top-level state. Each `GrantCard` widget (its own file) watches enrichment providers (`walletAccessListProvider`, `evmProvider`, `sdkClientsProvider`) and the revoke mutation directly — keeping rebuilds scoped to the card. The screen is registered as a dashboard tab in `AdaptiveScaffold`.
-
-**Tech Stack:** Flutter, Riverpod (`riverpod_annotation` + `build_runner` codegen), `sizer` (adaptive sizing), `auto_route`, Protocol Buffers (Dart), `Palette` design tokens.
-
----
-
-## File Map
-
-| File | Action | Responsibility |
-|---|---|---|
-| `operator/lib/theme/palette.dart` | Modify | Add `Palette.token` (indigo accent for token-transfer cards) |
-| `operator/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart` | Modify | Add `listAllWalletAccesses()` function |
-| `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart` | Create | `WalletAccessListProvider` — fetches full wallet access list with IDs |
-| `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart` | Create | `GrantCard` widget — watches enrichment providers + revoke mutation; one card per grant |
-| `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart` | Create | `EvmGrantsScreen` — watches `evmGrantsProvider`; handles loading/error/empty/data states; renders `GrantCard` list |
-| `operator/lib/router.dart` | Modify | Register `EvmGrantsRoute` in dashboard children |
-| `operator/lib/screens/dashboard.dart` | Modify | Add Grants entry to `routes` list and `NavigationDestination` list |
-
----
-
-## Task 1: Add `Palette.token`
-
-**Files:**
-- Modify: `operator/lib/theme/palette.dart`
-
-- [ ] **Step 1: Add the color**
-
-Replace the contents of `operator/lib/theme/palette.dart` with:
-
-```dart
-import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
-
-class Palette {
-  static const ink = Color(0xFF15263C);
-  static const coral = Color(0xFFE26254);
-  static const cream = Color(0xFFFFFAF4);
-  static const line = Color(0x1A15263C);
-  static const token = Color(0xFF5C6BC0);
-}
-```
-
-- [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
-
-```sh
-cd operator && flutter analyze lib/theme/palette.dart
-```
-
-Expected: no issues.
-
-- [ ] **Step 3: Commit**
-
-```sh
-jj describe -m "feat(theme): add Palette.token for token-transfer grant cards"
-jj new
-```
-
----
-
-## Task 2: Add `listAllWalletAccesses` feature function
-
-**Files:**
-- Modify: `operator/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart`
-
-`readClientWalletAccess` (existing) filters the list to one client's wallet IDs and returns `Set<int>`. This new function returns the complete unfiltered list with row IDs so the grant cards can resolve wallet_access_id → wallet + client.
-
-- [ ] **Step 1: Append function**
-
-Add at the bottom of `operator/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart`:
-
-```dart
-Future<List<SdkClientWalletAccess>> listAllWalletAccesses(
-  Connection connection,
-) async {
-  final response = await connection.ask(
-    OperatorRequest(listWalletAccess: Empty()),
-  );
-  if (!response.hasListWalletAccessResponse()) {
-    throw Exception(
-      'Expected list wallet access response, got ${response.whichPayload()}',
-    );
-  }
-  return response.listWalletAccessResponse.accesses.toList(growable: false);
-}
-```
-
-Each returned `SdkClientWalletAccess` has:
-- `.id` — the `evm_wallet_access` row ID (same value as `wallet_access_id` in a `GrantEntry`)
-- `.access.walletId` — the EVM wallet DB ID
-- `.access.sdkClientId` — the SDK client DB ID
-
-- [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
-
-```sh
-cd operator && flutter analyze lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart
-```
-
-Expected: no issues.
-
-- [ ] **Step 3: Commit**
-
-```sh
-jj describe -m "feat(evm): add listAllWalletAccesses feature function"
-jj new
-```
-
----
-
-## Task 3: Create `WalletAccessListProvider`
-
-**Files:**
-- Create: `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart`
-- Generated: `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.g.dart`
-
-Mirrors the structure of `EvmGrants` in `providers/evm/evm_grants.dart` — class-based `@riverpod` with a `refresh()` method.
-
-- [ ] **Step 1: Write the provider**
-
-Create `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart`:
-
-```dart
-import 'package:arbiter/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/proto/operator.pb.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/providers/connection/connection_manager.dart';
-import 'package:mtcore/markettakers.dart';
-import 'package:riverpod_annotation/riverpod_annotation.dart';
-
-part 'wallet_access_list.g.dart';
-
-@riverpod
-class WalletAccessList extends _$WalletAccessList {
-  @override
-  Future<List<SdkClientWalletAccess>?> build() async {
-    final connection = await ref.watch(connectionManagerProvider.future);
-    if (connection == null) {
-      return null;
-    }
-
-    try {
-      return await listAllWalletAccesses(connection);
-    } catch (e, st) {
-      talker.handle(e, st);
-      rethrow;
-    }
-  }
-
-  Future<void> refresh() async {
-    final connection = await ref.read(connectionManagerProvider.future);
-    if (connection == null) {
-      state = const AsyncData(null);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    state = const AsyncLoading();
-    state = await AsyncValue.guard(() => listAllWalletAccesses(connection));
-  }
-}
-```
-
-- [ ] **Step 2: Run code generation**
-
-```sh
-cd operator && dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
-```
-
-Expected: `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.g.dart` created. No errors.
-
-- [ ] **Step 3: Verify**
-
-```sh
-cd operator && flutter analyze lib/providers/sdk_clients/
-```
-
-Expected: no issues.
-
-- [ ] **Step 4: Commit**
-
-```sh
-jj describe -m "feat(providers): add WalletAccessListProvider"
-jj new
-```
-
----
-
-## Task 4: Create `GrantCard` widget
-
-**Files:**
-- Create: `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart`
-
-This widget owns all per-card logic: enrichment lookups, revoke action, and rebuild scope. The screen only passes it a `GrantEntry` — the card fetches everything else itself.
-
-**Key types:**
-- `GrantEntry` (from `proto/evm.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.shared.walletAccessId`, `.shared.chainId`, `.specific.whichGrant()`
-- `SpecificGrant_Grant.etherTransfer` / `.tokenTransfer` — enum values for the oneof
-- `SdkClientWalletAccess` (from `proto/operator.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.access.walletId`, `.access.sdkClientId`
-- `WalletEntry` (from `proto/evm.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.address` (List<int>)
-- `SdkClientEntry` (from `proto/operator.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.info.name`
-- `revokeEvmGrantMutation` — `Mutation<void>` (global; all revoke buttons disable together while any revoke is in flight)
-- `executeRevokeEvmGrant(ref, grantId: int)` — `Future<void>`
-
-- [ ] **Step 1: Write the widget**
-
-Create `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart`:
-
-```dart
-import 'package:arbiter/proto/evm.pb.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/proto/operator.pb.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/providers/evm/evm.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/providers/evm/evm_grants.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/providers/sdk_clients/list.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/theme/palette.dart';
-import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
-import 'package:hooks_riverpod/experimental/mutation.dart';
-import 'package:hooks_riverpod/hooks_riverpod.dart';
-import 'package:sizer/sizer.dart';
-
-String _shortAddress(List<int> bytes) {
-  final hex = bytes.map((b) => b.toRadixString(16).padLeft(2, '0')).join();
-  return '0x${hex.substring(0, 6)}...${hex.substring(hex.length - 4)}';
-}
-
-String _formatError(Object error) {
-  final message = error.toString();
-  if (message.startsWith('Exception: ')) {
-    return message.substring('Exception: '.length);
-  }
-  return message;
-}
-
-class GrantCard extends ConsumerWidget {
-  const GrantCard({super.key, required this.grant});
-
-  final GrantEntry grant;
-
-  @override
-  Widget build(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) {
-    // Enrichment lookups — each watch scopes rebuilds to this card only
-    final walletAccesses =
-        ref.watch(walletAccessListProvider).asData?.value ?? const [];
-    final wallets = ref.watch(evmProvider).asData?.value ?? const [];
-    final clients = ref.watch(sdkClientsProvider).asData?.value ?? const [];
-    final revoking = ref.watch(revokeEvmGrantMutation) is MutationPending;
-
-    final isEther =
-        grant.specific.whichGrant() == SpecificGrant_Grant.etherTransfer;
-    final accent = isEther ? Palette.coral : Palette.token;
-    final typeLabel = isEther ? 'Ether' : 'Token';
-    final theme = Theme.of(context);
-    final muted = Palette.ink.withValues(alpha: 0.62);
-
-    // Resolve wallet_access_id → wallet address + client name
-    final accessById = <int, SdkClientWalletAccess>{
-      for (final a in walletAccesses) a.id: a,
-    };
-    final walletById = <int, WalletEntry>{
-      for (final w in wallets) w.id: w,
-    };
-    final clientNameById = <int, String>{
-      for (final c in clients) c.id: c.info.name,
-    };
-
-    final accessId = grant.shared.walletAccessId;
-    final access = accessById[accessId];
-    final wallet = access != null ? walletById[access.access.walletId] : null;
-
-    final walletLabel = wallet != null
-        ? _shortAddress(wallet.address)
-        : 'Access #$accessId';
-
-    final clientLabel = () {
-      if (access == null) return '';
-      final name = clientNameById[access.access.sdkClientId] ?? '';
-      return name.isEmpty ? 'Client #${access.access.sdkClientId}' : name;
-    }();
-
-    void showError(String message) {
-      if (!context.mounted) return;
-      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
-        SnackBar(content: Text(message), behavior: SnackBarBehavior.floating),
-      );
-    }
-
-    Future<void> revoke() async {
-      try {
-        await executeRevokeEvmGrant(ref, grantId: grant.id);
-      } catch (e) {
-        showError(_formatError(e));
-      }
-    }
-
-    return Container(
-      decoration: BoxDecoration(
-        borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(24),
-        color: Palette.cream.withValues(alpha: 0.92),
-        border: Border.all(color: Palette.line),
-      ),
-      child: IntrinsicHeight(
-        child: Row(
-          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
-          children: [
-            // Accent strip
-            Container(
-              width: 0.8.w,
-              decoration: BoxDecoration(
-                color: accent,
-                borderRadius: const BorderRadius.horizontal(
-                  left: Radius.circular(24),
-                ),
-              ),
-            ),
-            // Card body
-            Expanded(
-              child: Padding(
-                padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(
-                  horizontal: 1.6.w,
-                  vertical: 1.4.h,
-                ),
-                child: Column(
-                  crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
-                  children: [
-                    // Row 1: type badge · chain · spacer · revoke button
-                    Row(
-                      children: [
-                        Container(
-                          padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(
-                            horizontal: 1.w,
-                            vertical: 0.4.h,
-                          ),
-                          decoration: BoxDecoration(
-                            color: accent.withValues(alpha: 0.15),
-                            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
-                          ),
-                          child: Text(
-                            typeLabel,
-                            style: theme.textTheme.labelSmall?.copyWith(
-                              color: accent,
-                              fontWeight: FontWeight.w800,
-                            ),
-                          ),
-                        ),
-                        SizedBox(width: 1.w),
-                        Container(
-                          padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(
-                            horizontal: 1.w,
-                            vertical: 0.4.h,
-                          ),
-                          decoration: BoxDecoration(
-                            color: Palette.ink.withValues(alpha: 0.06),
-                            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
-                          ),
-                          child: Text(
-                            'Chain ${grant.shared.chainId}',
-                            style: theme.textTheme.labelSmall?.copyWith(
-                              color: muted,
-                              fontWeight: FontWeight.w700,
-                            ),
-                          ),
-                        ),
-                        const Spacer(),
-                        if (revoking)
-                          SizedBox(
-                            width: 1.8.h,
-                            height: 1.8.h,
-                            child: CircularProgressIndicator(
-                              strokeWidth: 2,
-                              color: Palette.coral,
-                            ),
-                          )
-                        else
-                          OutlinedButton.icon(
-                            onPressed: revoke,
-                            style: OutlinedButton.styleFrom(
-                              foregroundColor: Palette.coral,
-                              side: BorderSide(
-                                color: Palette.coral.withValues(alpha: 0.4),
-                              ),
-                              padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(
-                                horizontal: 1.w,
-                                vertical: 0.6.h,
-                              ),
-                              shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(
-                                borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(10),
-                              ),
-                            ),
-                            icon: const Icon(Icons.block_rounded, size: 16),
-                            label: const Text('Revoke'),
-                          ),
-                      ],
-                    ),
-                    SizedBox(height: 0.8.h),
-                    // Row 2: wallet address · client name
-                    Row(
-                      children: [
-                        Text(
-                          walletLabel,
-                          style: theme.textTheme.bodySmall?.copyWith(
-                            color: Palette.ink,
-                            fontFamily: 'monospace',
-                          ),
-                        ),
-                        Padding(
-                          padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 0.8.w),
-                          child: Text(
-                            '·',
-                            style: theme.textTheme.bodySmall
-                                ?.copyWith(color: muted),
-                          ),
-                        ),
-                        Expanded(
-                          child: Text(
-                            clientLabel,
-                            maxLines: 1,
-                            overflow: TextOverflow.ellipsis,
-                            style: theme.textTheme.bodySmall
-                                ?.copyWith(color: muted),
-                          ),
-                        ),
-                      ],
-                    ),
-                  ],
-                ),
-              ),
-            ),
-          ],
-        ),
-      ),
-    );
-  }
-}
-```
-
-- [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
-
-```sh
-cd operator && flutter analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart
-```
-
-Expected: no issues.
-
-- [ ] **Step 3: Commit**
-
-```sh
-jj describe -m "feat(grants): add GrantCard widget with self-contained enrichment"
-jj new
-```
-
----
-
-## Task 5: Create `EvmGrantsScreen`
-
-**Files:**
-- Create: `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart`
-
-The screen watches only `evmGrantsProvider` for top-level state (loading / error / no connection / empty / data). When there is data it renders a list of `GrantCard` widgets — each card manages its own enrichment subscriptions.
-
-- [ ] **Step 1: Write the screen**
-
-Create `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart`:
-
-```dart
-import 'package:arbiter/proto/evm.pb.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/providers/evm/evm_grants.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/router.gr.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/theme/palette.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/widgets/page_header.dart';
-import 'package:auto_route/auto_route.dart';
-import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
-import 'package:hooks_riverpod/hooks_riverpod.dart';
-import 'package:sizer/sizer.dart';
-
-String _formatError(Object error) {
-  final message = error.toString();
-  if (message.startsWith('Exception: ')) {
-    return message.substring('Exception: '.length);
-  }
-  return message;
-}
-
-// ─── State panel ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-class _StatePanel extends StatelessWidget {
-  const _StatePanel({
-    required this.icon,
-    required this.title,
-    required this.body,
-    this.actionLabel,
-    this.onAction,
-    this.busy = false,
-  });
-
-  final IconData icon;
-  final String title;
-  final String body;
-  final String? actionLabel;
-  final Future<void> Function()? onAction;
-  final bool busy;
-
-  @override
-  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
-    final theme = Theme.of(context);
-
-    return Container(
-      decoration: BoxDecoration(
-        borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(24),
-        color: Palette.cream.withValues(alpha: 0.92),
-        border: Border.all(color: Palette.line),
-      ),
-      child: Padding(
-        padding: EdgeInsets.all(2.8.h),
-        child: Column(
-          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
-          children: [
-            if (busy)
-              SizedBox(
-                width: 2.8.h,
-                height: 2.8.h,
-                child: const CircularProgressIndicator(strokeWidth: 2.5),
-              )
-            else
-              Icon(icon, size: 34, color: Palette.coral),
-            SizedBox(height: 1.8.h),
-            Text(
-              title,
-              style: theme.textTheme.headlineSmall?.copyWith(
-                color: Palette.ink,
-                fontWeight: FontWeight.w800,
-              ),
-            ),
-            SizedBox(height: 1.h),
-            Text(
-              body,
-              style: theme.textTheme.bodyLarge?.copyWith(
-                color: Palette.ink.withValues(alpha: 0.72),
-                height: 1.5,
-              ),
-            ),
-            if (actionLabel != null && onAction != null) ...[
-              SizedBox(height: 2.h),
-              OutlinedButton.icon(
-                onPressed: () => onAction!(),
-                icon: const Icon(Icons.refresh),
-                label: Text(actionLabel!),
-              ),
-            ],
-          ],
-        ),
-      ),
-    );
-  }
-}
-
-// ─── Grant list ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-class _GrantList extends StatelessWidget {
-  const _GrantList({required this.grants});
-
-  final List<GrantEntry> grants;
-
-  @override
-  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
-    return Column(
-      children: [
-        for (var i = 0; i < grants.length; i++)
-          Padding(
-            padding: EdgeInsets.only(
-              bottom: i == grants.length - 1 ? 0 : 1.8.h,
-            ),
-            child: GrantCard(grant: grants[i]),
-          ),
-      ],
-    );
-  }
-}
-
-// ─── Screen ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-@RoutePage()
-class EvmGrantsScreen extends ConsumerWidget {
-  const EvmGrantsScreen({super.key});
-
-  @override
-  Widget build(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) {
-    // Screen watches only the grant list for top-level state decisions
-    final grantsAsync = ref.watch(evmGrantsProvider);
-
-    Future<void> refresh() async {
-      await Future.wait([
-        ref.read(evmGrantsProvider.notifier).refresh(),
-        ref.read(walletAccessListProvider.notifier).refresh(),
-      ]);
-    }
-
-    void showMessage(String message) {
-      if (!context.mounted) return;
-      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
-        SnackBar(content: Text(message), behavior: SnackBarBehavior.floating),
-      );
-    }
-
-    Future<void> safeRefresh() async {
-      try {
-        await refresh();
-      } catch (e) {
-        showMessage(_formatError(e));
-      }
-    }
-
-    final grantsState = grantsAsync.asData?.value;
-    final grants = grantsState?.grants;
-
-    final content = switch (grantsAsync) {
-      AsyncLoading() when grantsState == null => const _StatePanel(
-        icon: Icons.hourglass_top,
-        title: 'Loading grants',
-        body: 'Pulling grant registry from Arbiter.',
-        busy: true,
-      ),
-      AsyncError(:final error) => _StatePanel(
-        icon: Icons.sync_problem,
-        title: 'Grant registry unavailable',
-        body: _formatError(error),
-        actionLabel: 'Retry',
-        onAction: safeRefresh,
-      ),
-      AsyncData(:final value) when value == null => _StatePanel(
-        icon: Icons.portable_wifi_off,
-        title: 'No active server connection',
-        body: 'Reconnect to Arbiter to list EVM grants.',
-        actionLabel: 'Refresh',
-        onAction: safeRefresh,
-      ),
-      _ when grants != null && grants.isEmpty => _StatePanel(
-        icon: Icons.policy_outlined,
-        title: 'No grants yet',
-        body: 'Create a grant to allow SDK clients to sign transactions.',
-        actionLabel: 'Create grant',
-        onAction: () => context.router.push(const CreateEvmGrantRoute()),
-      ),
-      _ => _GrantList(grants: grants ?? const []),
-    };
-
-    return Scaffold(
-      body: SafeArea(
-        child: RefreshIndicator.adaptive(
-          color: Palette.ink,
-          backgroundColor: Colors.white,
-          onRefresh: safeRefresh,
-          child: ListView(
-            physics: const BouncingScrollPhysics(
-              parent: AlwaysScrollableScrollPhysics(),
-            ),
-            padding: EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(2.4.w, 2.4.h, 2.4.w, 3.2.h),
-            children: [
-              PageHeader(
-                title: 'EVM Grants',
-                isBusy: grantsAsync.isLoading,
-                actions: [
-                  FilledButton.icon(
-                    onPressed: () =>
-                        context.router.push(const CreateEvmGrantRoute()),
-                    icon: const Icon(Icons.add_rounded),
-                    label: const Text('Create grant'),
-                  ),
-                  SizedBox(width: 1.w),
-                  OutlinedButton.icon(
-                    onPressed: safeRefresh,
-                    style: OutlinedButton.styleFrom(
-                      foregroundColor: Palette.ink,
-                      side: BorderSide(color: Palette.line),
-                      padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(
-                        horizontal: 1.4.w,
-                        vertical: 1.2.h,
-                      ),
-                      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(
-                        borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(14),
-                      ),
-                    ),
-                    icon: const Icon(Icons.refresh, size: 18),
-                    label: const Text('Refresh'),
-                  ),
-                ],
-              ),
-              SizedBox(height: 1.8.h),
-              content,
-            ],
-          ),
-        ),
-      ),
-    );
-  }
-}
-```
-
-- [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
-
-```sh
-cd operator && flutter analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/
-```
-
-Expected: no issues.
-
-- [ ] **Step 3: Commit**
-
-```sh
-jj describe -m "feat(grants): add EvmGrantsScreen"
-jj new
-```
-
----
-
-## Task 6: Wire router and dashboard tab
-
-**Files:**
-- Modify: `operator/lib/router.dart`
-- Modify: `operator/lib/screens/dashboard.dart`
-- Regenerated: `operator/lib/router.gr.dart`
-
-- [ ] **Step 1: Add route to `router.dart`**
-
-Replace the contents of `operator/lib/router.dart` with:
-
-```dart
-import 'package:auto_route/auto_route.dart';
-
-import 'router.gr.dart';
-
-@AutoRouterConfig(generateForDir: ['lib/screens'])
-class Router extends RootStackRouter {
-  @override
-  List<AutoRoute> get routes => [
-    AutoRoute(page: Bootstrap.page, path: '/bootstrap', initial: true),
-    AutoRoute(page: ServerInfoSetupRoute.page, path: '/server-info'),
-    AutoRoute(page: ServerConnectionRoute.page, path: '/server-connection'),
-    AutoRoute(page: VaultSetupRoute.page, path: '/vault'),
-    AutoRoute(page: ClientDetailsRoute.page, path: '/clients/:clientId'),
-    AutoRoute(page: CreateEvmGrantRoute.page, path: '/evm-grants/create'),
-
-    AutoRoute(
-      page: DashboardRouter.page,
-      path: '/dashboard',
-      children: [
-        AutoRoute(page: EvmRoute.page, path: 'evm'),
-        AutoRoute(page: ClientsRoute.page, path: 'clients'),
-        AutoRoute(page: EvmGrantsRoute.page, path: 'grants'),
-        AutoRoute(page: AboutRoute.page, path: 'about'),
-      ],
-    ),
-  ];
-}
-```
-
-- [ ] **Step 2: Update `dashboard.dart`**
-
-In `operator/lib/screens/dashboard.dart`, replace the `routes` constant:
-
-```dart
-final routes = [
-  const EvmRoute(),
-  const ClientsRoute(),
-  const EvmGrantsRoute(),
-  const AboutRoute(),
-];
-```
-
-And replace the `destinations` list inside `AdaptiveScaffold`:
-
-```dart
-destinations: const [
-  NavigationDestination(
-    icon: Icon(Icons.account_balance_wallet_outlined),
-    selectedIcon: Icon(Icons.account_balance_wallet),
-    label: 'Wallets',
-  ),
-  NavigationDestination(
-    icon: Icon(Icons.devices_other_outlined),
-    selectedIcon: Icon(Icons.devices_other),
-    label: 'Clients',
-  ),
-  NavigationDestination(
-    icon: Icon(Icons.policy_outlined),
-    selectedIcon: Icon(Icons.policy),
-    label: 'Grants',
-  ),
-  NavigationDestination(
-    icon: Icon(Icons.info_outline),
-    selectedIcon: Icon(Icons.info),
-    label: 'About',
-  ),
-],
-```
-
-- [ ] **Step 3: Regenerate router**
-
-```sh
-cd operator && dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
-```
-
-Expected: `lib/router.gr.dart` updated, `EvmGrantsRoute` now available, no errors.
-
-- [ ] **Step 4: Full project verify**
-
-```sh
-cd operator && flutter analyze
-```
-
-Expected: no issues.
-
-- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**
-
-```sh
-jj describe -m "feat(nav): add Grants dashboard tab"
-jj new
-```

docs/superpowers/specs/2026-03-28-grant-grid-view-design.md

@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-# Grant Grid View — Design Spec
-
-**Date:** 2026-03-28
-
-## Overview
-
-Add a "Grants" dashboard tab to the Flutter operator app that displays all EVM grants as a card-based grid. Each card shows a compact summary (type, chain, wallet address, client name) with a revoke action. The tab integrates into the existing `AdaptiveScaffold` navigation alongside Wallets, Clients, and About.
-
-## Scope
-
-- New `walletAccessListProvider` for fetching wallet access entries with their DB row IDs
-- New `EvmGrantsScreen` as a dashboard tab
-- Grant card widget with enriched display (type, chain, wallet, client)
-- Revoke action wired to existing `executeRevokeEvmGrant` mutation
-- Dashboard tab bar and router updated
-- New token-transfer accent color added to `Palette`
-
-**Out of scope:** Fixing grant creation (separate task).
-
----
-
-## Data Layer
-
-### `walletAccessListProvider`
-
-**File:** `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart`
-
-- `@riverpod` class, watches `connectionManagerProvider.future`
-- Returns `List<SdkClientWalletAccess>?` (null when not connected)
-- Each entry: `.id` (wallet_access_id), `.access.walletId`, `.access.sdkClientId`
-- Exposes a `refresh()` method following the same pattern as `EvmGrants.refresh()`
-
-### Enrichment at render time (Approach A)
-
-The `EvmGrantsScreen` watches four providers:
-1. `evmGrantsProvider` — the grant list
-2. `walletAccessListProvider` — to resolve wallet_access_id → (wallet_id, sdk_client_id)
-3. `evmProvider` — to resolve wallet_id → wallet address
-4. `sdkClientsProvider` — to resolve sdk_client_id → client name
-
-All lookups are in-memory Maps built inside the build method; no extra model class needed.
-
-Fallbacks:
-- Wallet address not found → `"Access #N"` where N is the wallet_access_id
-- Client name not found → `"Client #N"` where N is the sdk_client_id
-
----
-
-## Route Structure
-
-```
-/dashboard
-  /evm          ← existing (Wallets tab)
-  /clients      ← existing (Clients tab)
-  /grants       ← NEW (Grants tab)
-  /about        ← existing
-
-/evm-grants/create  ← existing push route (unchanged)
-```
-
-### Changes to `router.dart`
-
-Add inside dashboard children:
-```dart
-AutoRoute(page: EvmGrantsRoute.page, path: 'grants'),
-```
-
-### Changes to `dashboard.dart`
-
-Add to `routes` list:
-```dart
-const EvmGrantsRoute()
-```
-
-Add `NavigationDestination`:
-```dart
-NavigationDestination(
-  icon: Icon(Icons.policy_outlined),
-  selectedIcon: Icon(Icons.policy),
-  label: 'Grants',
-),
-```
-
----
-
-## Screen: `EvmGrantsScreen`
-
-**File:** `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart`
-
-```
-Scaffold
-└─ SafeArea
-   └─ RefreshIndicator.adaptive (refreshes evmGrantsProvider + walletAccessListProvider)
-      └─ ListView (BouncingScrollPhysics + AlwaysScrollableScrollPhysics)
-         ├─ PageHeader
-         │    title: 'EVM Grants'
-         │    isBusy: evmGrantsProvider.isLoading
-         │    actions: [CreateGrantButton, RefreshButton]
-         ├─ SizedBox(height: 1.8.h)
-         └─ <content>
-```
-
-### State handling
-
-Matches the pattern from `EvmScreen` and `ClientsScreen`:
-
-| State | Display |
-|---|---|
-| Loading (no data yet) | `_StatePanel` with spinner, "Loading grants" |
-| Error | `_StatePanel` with coral icon, error message, Retry button |
-| No connection | `_StatePanel`, "No active server connection" |
-| Empty list | `_StatePanel`, "No grants yet", with Create Grant shortcut |
-| Data | Column of `_GrantCard` widgets |
-
-### Header actions
-
-**CreateGrantButton:** `FilledButton.icon` with `Icons.add_rounded`, pushes `CreateEvmGrantRoute()` via `context.router.push(...)`.
-
-**RefreshButton:** `OutlinedButton.icon` with `Icons.refresh`, calls `ref.read(evmGrantsProvider.notifier).refresh()`.
-
----
-
-## Grant Card: `_GrantCard`
-
-**Layout:**
-
-```
-Container (rounded 24, Palette.cream bg, Palette.line border)
-└─ IntrinsicHeight > Row
-   ├─ Accent strip (0.8.w wide, full height, rounded left)
-   └─ Padding > Column
-        ├─ Row 1: TypeBadge + ChainChip + Spacer + RevokeButton
-        └─ Row 2: WalletText + "·" + ClientText
-```
-
-**Accent color by grant type:**
-- Ether transfer → `Palette.coral`
-- Token transfer → `Palette.token` (new entry in `Palette` — indigo, e.g. `Color(0xFF5C6BC0)`)
-
-**TypeBadge:** Small pill container with accent color background at 15% opacity, accent-colored text. Label: `'Ether'` or `'Token'`.
-
-**ChainChip:** Small container: `'Chain ${grant.shared.chainId}'`, muted ink color.
-
-**WalletText:** Short hex address (`0xabc...def`) from wallet lookup, `bodySmall`, monospace font family.
-
-**ClientText:** Client name from `sdkClientsProvider` lookup, or fallback string. `bodySmall`, muted ink.
-
-**RevokeButton:**
-- `OutlinedButton` with `Icons.block_rounded` icon, label `'Revoke'`
-- `foregroundColor: Palette.coral`, `side: BorderSide(color: Palette.coral.withValues(alpha: 0.4))`
-- Disabled (replaced with `CircularProgressIndicator`) while `revokeEvmGrantMutation` is pending — note: this is a single global mutation, so all revoke buttons disable while any revoke is in flight
-- On press: calls `executeRevokeEvmGrant(ref, grantId: grant.id)`; shows `SnackBar` on error
-
----
-
-## Adaptive Sizing
-
-All sizing uses `sizer` units (`1.h`, `1.w`, etc.). No hardcoded pixel values.
-
----
-
-## Files to Create / Modify
-
-| File | Action |
-|---|---|
-| `lib/theme/palette.dart` | Modify — add `Palette.token` color |
-| `lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart` | Create |
-| `lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart` | Create |
-| `lib/router.dart` | Modify — add grants route to dashboard children |
-| `lib/screens/dashboard.dart` | Modify — add tab to routes list and NavigationDestinations |

mise.lock

@@ -152,5 +152,8 @@ url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20
 provenance = "github-attestations"
 
 [[tools.rust]]
-version = "1.95.0"
+version = "1.98.1"
 backend = "core:rust"
+
+[tools.rust.options]
+components = "clippy,rust-analyzer"

mise.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 "cargo:cargo-vet" = "0.10.2"
 flutter = "3.41.7-stable"
 protoc = "29.6"
-rust = { version = "1.95.0", components = "clippy,rust-analyzer" }
+rust = { version = "latest", components = "clippy,rust-analyzer" }
 "cargo:cargo-features-manager" = "0.12.0"
 "cargo:cargo-nextest" = "0.9.133"
 "cargo:cargo-shear" = "latest"
@@ -22,3 +22,5 @@ run = '''
 dart pub global activate protoc_plugin && \
 protoc --dart_out=grpc:useragent/lib/proto --proto_path=protobufs/ $(find protobufs -name '*.proto' | sort)
 '''
+
+[tasks.generate_schema]

protobufs/operator.proto

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package arbiter.operator;
 
 import "operator/auth.proto";
 import "operator/evm.proto";
+import "operator/governance.proto";
 import "operator/sdk_client.proto";
 import "operator/vault/vault.proto";
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ message OperatorRequest {
     vault.Request           vault       = 2;
     evm.Request             evm         = 3;
     sdk_client.Request      sdk_client  = 4;
+    governance.Request      governance  = 5;
   }
 }
 
@@ -24,5 +26,6 @@ message OperatorResponse {
     vault.Response          vault       = 2;
     evm.Response            evm         = 3;
     sdk_client.Response     sdk_client  = 4;
+    governance.Response     governance  = 5;
   }
 }

protobufs/operator/governance.proto

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package arbiter.operator.governance;
+
+message Request {
+  oneof payload {
+    CreateProposalRequest create = 1;
+    CastVoteRequest       vote   = 2;
+    QueryPendingRequest   query  = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+message CreateProposalRequest {
+  oneof kind {
+    ApproveSdkClientPayload         approve_sdk_client          = 1;
+    GrantWalletAccessPayload        grant_wallet_access         = 3;
+    ApproveServerUpdatePayload      approve_server_update       = 4;
+    ReplaceOperatorPayload          replace_operator            = 5;
+    UpdateShamirParametersPayload   update_shamir_parameters    = 6;
+    ApprovePersistentGrantPayload   approve_persistent_grant    = 7;
+    ApproveOneOffTransactionPayload approve_one_off_transaction = 8;
+  }
+  optional uint32 ttl_secs = 2;
+}
+
+message ReplaceOperatorPayload {
+  int32 old_operator_id = 1;
+  bytes new_pubkey      = 2;
+}
+
+message UpdateShamirParametersPayload {
+  uint32 new_n = 1;
+}
+
+message ApproveServerUpdatePayload {}
+
+message ApproveSdkClientPayload {
+  int32 client_id = 1;
+}
+
+message GrantWalletAccessPayload {
+  int32 wallet_id = 1;
+  int32 client_id = 2;
+}
+
+message CastVoteRequest {
+  int32 proposal_id = 1;
+  bool  approve     = 2;
+  bytes signature   = 3;
+}
+
+message QueryPendingRequest {}
+
+message Response {
+  oneof payload {
+    CreateProposalResponse created = 1;
+    VoteResponse           voted   = 2;
+    QueryPendingResponse   pending = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+message CreateProposalResponse {
+  int32 proposal_id = 1;
+}
+
+message VoteResponse {
+  VoteOutcome outcome = 1;
+}
+
+enum VoteOutcome {
+  VOTE_OUTCOME_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  VOTE_OUTCOME_PENDING     = 1;
+  VOTE_OUTCOME_APPROVED    = 2;
+  VOTE_OUTCOME_REJECTED    = 3;
+}
+
+message ProposalSummary {
+  int32  id            = 1;
+  string kind          = 2;
+  int32  initiator_id  = 3;
+  int64  expires_at    = 4;
+  int64  approve_count = 5;
+  int64  reject_count  = 6;
+}
+
+message QueryPendingResponse {
+  repeated ProposalSummary proposals = 1;
+}
+
+message TransactionRateLimitProto {
+  uint32 count       = 1;
+  int64  window_secs = 2;
+}
+
+message VolumeLimitProto {
+  bytes max_volume  = 1;
+  int64 window_secs = 2;
+}
+
+message EtherTransferSpecProto {
+  repeated bytes   targets = 1;
+  VolumeLimitProto limit   = 2;
+}
+
+message TokenTransferSpecProto {
+  bytes                     token_contract = 1;
+  optional bytes            target         = 2;
+  repeated VolumeLimitProto volume_limits  = 3;
+}
+
+message ApproveOneOffTransactionPayload {
+  int32  client_id                = 1;
+  bytes  wallet_address           = 2;
+  uint64 chain_id                 = 3;
+  uint64 nonce                    = 4;
+  uint64 gas_limit                = 5;
+  bytes  max_fee_per_gas          = 6;
+  bytes  max_priority_fee_per_gas = 7;
+  bytes  to                       = 8;
+  bytes  value                    = 9;
+  bytes  input                    = 10;
+}
+
+message ApprovePersistentGrantPayload {
+  int32                              wallet_access_id         = 1;
+  uint64                             chain_id                 = 2;
+  optional int64                     valid_from_secs          = 3;
+  optional int64                     valid_until_secs         = 4;
+  optional bytes                     max_gas_fee_per_gas      = 5;
+  optional bytes                     max_priority_fee_per_gas = 6;
+  optional TransactionRateLimitProto rate_limit               = 7;
+  oneof specific {
+    EtherTransferSpecProto ether_transfer = 8;
+    TokenTransferSpecProto token_transfer = 9;
+  }
+}

protobufs/operator/vault/bootstrap.proto

@@ -8,15 +8,35 @@ message BootstrapEncryptedKey {
   bytes associated_data = 3;
 }
 
+message DeclareCommittee {
+  uint32 count          = 1;
+  uint32 recovery_count = 2;
+}
+
+message ContributePassphrase {
+  bytes passphrase = 1;
+}
+
+message ContributeRecoveryPassphrase {
+  int32 recovery_operator_id = 1;
+  bytes passphrase            = 2;
+}
+
 enum BootstrapResult {
   BOOTSTRAP_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
   BOOTSTRAP_RESULT_SUCCESS = 1;
   BOOTSTRAP_RESULT_ALREADY_BOOTSTRAPPED = 2;
   BOOTSTRAP_RESULT_INVALID_KEY = 3;
+  BOOTSTRAP_RESULT_AWAITING_CONTRIBUTIONS = 4;
 }
 
 message Request {
+  oneof payload {
     BootstrapEncryptedKey        encrypted_key                    = 2;
+    DeclareCommittee             declare_committee                = 3;
+    ContributePassphrase         contribute_passphrase            = 4;
+    ContributeRecoveryPassphrase contribute_recovery_passphrase   = 5;
+  }
 }
 
 message Response {

protobufs/operator/vault/rekey.proto

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package arbiter.operator.vault.rekey;
+
+message ContributePassphrase {
+  bytes passphrase = 1;
+}
+
+message ContributeRecoveryPassphrase {
+  int32 recovery_operator_id = 1;
+  bytes passphrase           = 2;
+}
+
+enum RekeyResult {
+  REKEY_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED            = 0;
+  REKEY_RESULT_SUCCESS                = 1;
+  REKEY_RESULT_AWAITING_CONTRIBUTIONS = 2;
+  REKEY_RESULT_NOT_IN_PROGRESS        = 3;
+}
+
+message Request {
+  oneof payload {
+    ContributePassphrase         contribute_passphrase          = 1;
+    ContributeRecoveryPassphrase contribute_recovery_passphrase = 2;
+  }
+}
+
+message Response {
+  RekeyResult result = 1;
+}

protobufs/operator/vault/unseal.proto

@@ -15,18 +15,29 @@ message UnsealEncryptedKey {
   bytes associated_data = 3;
 }
 
+message ContributePassphrase {
+  bytes passphrase = 1;
+}
+
+message ContributeRecoveryPassphrase {
+  int32 recovery_operator_id = 1;
+  bytes passphrase            = 2;
+}
+
 enum UnsealResult {
   UNSEAL_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
   UNSEAL_RESULT_SUCCESS = 1;
   UNSEAL_RESULT_INVALID_KEY = 2;
   UNSEAL_RESULT_UNBOOTSTRAPPED = 3;
-  UNSEAL_RESULT_LOCKED_OUT = 4;
+  UNSEAL_RESULT_AWAITING_CONTRIBUTIONS = 4;
 }
 
 message Request {
   oneof payload {
     UnsealStart                  start                          = 1;
     UnsealEncryptedKey           encrypted_key                  = 2;
+    ContributePassphrase         contribute_passphrase          = 3;
+    ContributeRecoveryPassphrase contribute_recovery_passphrase = 4;
   }
 }
 

protobufs/operator/vault/vault.proto

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package arbiter.operator.vault;
 import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
 import "shared/vault.proto";
 import "operator/vault/bootstrap.proto";
+import "operator/vault/rekey.proto";
 import "operator/vault/unseal.proto";
 
 message Request {
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ message Request {
     google.protobuf.Empty query_state = 1;
     unseal.Request        unseal      = 2;
     bootstrap.Request     bootstrap   = 3;
+    rekey.Request         rekey       = 4;
   }
 }
 
@@ -20,5 +22,6 @@ message Response {
     arbiter.shared.VaultState state     = 1;
     unseal.Response           unseal    = 2;
     bootstrap.Response        bootstrap = 3;
+    rekey.Response            rekey     = 4;
   }
 }

protobufs/shared/vault.proto

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ package arbiter.shared;
 enum VaultState {
   VAULT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
   VAULT_STATE_UNBOOTSTRAPPED = 1;
-  VAULT_STATE_SEALED = 2;
+  VAULT_STATE_BOOSTRAPPING = 2;
-  VAULT_STATE_UNSEALED = 3;
+  VAULT_STATE_SEALED = 3;
-  VAULT_STATE_ERROR = 4;
+  VAULT_STATE_UNSEALED = 4;
+  VAULT_STATE_ERROR = 5;
 }

server/Cargo.lock

@@ -2,6 +2,15 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
+[[package]]
+name = "addr2line"
+version = "0.25.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1b5d307320b3181d6d7954e663bd7c774a838b8220fe0593c86d9fb09f498b4b"
+dependencies = [
+ "gimli",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "adler2"
 version = "2.0.1"
@@ -15,7 +24,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d122413f284cf2d62fb1b7db97e02edb8cda96d769b16e443a4f6195e35662b0"
 dependencies = [
  "crypto-common 0.1.7",
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -495,7 +504,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "auto_impl",
  "either",
- "elliptic-curve",
+ "elliptic-curve 0.13.8",
  "k256",
  "thiserror",
 ]
@@ -778,6 +787,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tonic",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
+ "vsss-rs",
  "x25519-dalek 2.0.1",
 ]
 
@@ -812,7 +822,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ark-serialize 0.3.0",
  "ark-std 0.3.0",
  "derivative",
- "num-bigint",
+ "num-bigint 0.4.6",
  "num-traits",
  "paste",
  "rustc_version 0.3.3",
@@ -832,7 +842,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "derivative",
  "digest 0.10.7",
  "itertools 0.10.5",
- "num-bigint",
+ "num-bigint 0.4.6",
  "num-traits",
  "paste",
  "rustc_version 0.4.1",
@@ -853,7 +863,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "digest 0.10.7",
  "educe",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
- "num-bigint",
+ "num-bigint 0.4.6",
  "num-traits",
  "paste",
  "zeroize",
@@ -895,7 +905,7 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "db2fd794a08ccb318058009eefdf15bcaaaaf6f8161eb3345f907222bac38b20"
 dependencies = [
- "num-bigint",
+ "num-bigint 0.4.6",
  "num-traits",
  "quote",
  "syn 1.0.109",
@@ -907,7 +917,7 @@ version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7abe79b0e4288889c4574159ab790824d0033b9fdcb2a112a3182fac2e514565"
 dependencies = [
- "num-bigint",
+ "num-bigint 0.4.6",
  "num-traits",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -920,7 +930,7 @@ version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "09be120733ee33f7693ceaa202ca41accd5653b779563608f1234f78ae07c4b3"
 dependencies = [
- "num-bigint",
+ "num-bigint 0.4.6",
  "num-traits",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -945,7 +955,7 @@ checksum = "adb7b85a02b83d2f22f89bd5cac66c9c89474240cb6207cb1efc16d098e822a5"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-std 0.4.0",
  "digest 0.10.7",
- "num-bigint",
+ "num-bigint 0.4.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -957,7 +967,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "arrayvec",
  "digest 0.10.7",
- "num-bigint",
+ "num-bigint 0.4.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1157,12 +1167,42 @@ dependencies = [
  "tower-service",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "backtrace"
+version = "0.3.76"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb531853791a215d7c62a30daf0dde835f381ab5de4589cfe7c649d2cbe92bd6"
+dependencies = [
+ "addr2line",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "miniz_oxide",
+ "object",
+ "rustc-demangle",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "backtrace-ext"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "537beee3be4a18fb023b570f80e3ae28003db9167a751266b259926e25539d50"
+dependencies = [
+ "backtrace",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "base16ct"
 version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4c7f02d4ea65f2c1853089ffd8d2787bdbc63de2f0d29dedbcf8ccdfa0ccd4cf"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "base16ct"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fd307490d624467aa6f74b0eabb77633d1f758a7b25f12bceb0b22e08d9726f6"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
 version = "0.22.1"
@@ -1251,7 +1291,7 @@ version = "0.10.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3078c7629b62d3f0439517fa394996acacc5cbc91c5a20d8c658e77abd503a71"
 dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1520,6 +1560,12 @@ version = "0.8.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cpubits"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "15b85f9c39137c3a891689859392b1bd49812121d0d61c9caf00d46ed5ce06ae"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cpufeatures"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -1580,19 +1626,35 @@ version = "0.5.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0dc92fb57ca44df6db8059111ab3af99a63d5d0f8375d9972e319a379c6bab76"
 dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crypto-bigint"
+version = "0.7.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1a52aa3fcda4e6302a9f48734f234d35d4721b96f8fe07d073f07ce9df4f0271"
+dependencies = [
+ "cpubits",
+ "ctutils",
+ "hybrid-array",
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand_core 0.10.1",
+ "serdect 0.4.3",
+ "subtle",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-common"
 version = "0.1.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "78c8292055d1c1df0cce5d180393dc8cce0abec0a7102adb6c7b1eef6016d60a"
 dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "typenum",
 ]
@@ -1614,6 +1676,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7d5515a3834141de9eafb9717ad39eea8247b5674e6066c404e8c4b365d2a29e"
 dependencies = [
  "cmov",
+ "subtle",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1776,7 +1839,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "asn1-rs",
  "displaydoc",
  "nom",
- "num-bigint",
+ "num-bigint 0.4.6",
  "num-traits",
  "rusticata-macros",
 ]
@@ -1895,7 +1958,7 @@ version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d3dd60d1080a57a05ab032377049e0591415d2b31afd7028356dbf3cc6dcb066"
 dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1973,9 +2036,9 @@ checksum = "ee27f32b5c5292967d2d4a9d7f1e0b0aed2c15daded5a60300e4abb9d8020bca"
 dependencies = [
  "der 0.7.10",
  "digest 0.10.7",
- "elliptic-curve",
+ "elliptic-curve 0.13.8",
  "rfc6979",
- "serdect",
+ "serdect 0.2.0",
  "signature 2.2.0",
  "spki 0.7.3",
 ]
@@ -2007,20 +2070,52 @@ version = "0.13.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b5e6043086bf7973472e0c7dff2142ea0b680d30e18d9cc40f267efbf222bd47"
 dependencies = [
- "base16ct",
+ "base16ct 0.2.0",
- "crypto-bigint",
+ "crypto-bigint 0.5.5",
  "digest 0.10.7",
- "ff",
+ "ff 0.13.1",
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
- "group",
+ "group 0.13.0",
  "pkcs8 0.10.2",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "sec1",
+ "sec1 0.7.3",
- "serdect",
+ "serdect 0.2.0",
  "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "elliptic-curve"
+version = "0.14.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d65aa39b3a5c1c9c1b745c9a019234bb7a21b77abcb4f4d266d706e2d577d65"
+dependencies = [
+ "base16ct 1.0.0",
+ "crypto-bigint 0.7.5",
+ "crypto-common 0.2.1",
+ "ff 0.14.0",
+ "group 0.14.0",
+ "hybrid-array",
+ "pkcs8 0.11.0",
+ "rand_core 0.10.1",
+ "sec1 0.8.1",
+ "serdect 0.4.3",
+ "subtle",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "elliptic-curve-tools"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7a0d5e534f103b079a71ef1d66c6e62c89413f1b62709ca11f744429b4afe5b4"
+dependencies = [
+ "elliptic-curve 0.14.1",
+ "heapless",
+ "serde",
+ "serdect 0.4.3",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "enum-ordinalize"
 version = "4.3.2"
@@ -2095,6 +2190,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ff"
+version = "0.14.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a1f686ab92a9fb0eaf188f6c6c87b89490baa6fdb0db4544ba4dc47f7942489f"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand_core 0.10.1",
+ "subtle",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fiat-crypto"
 version = "0.2.9"
@@ -2291,6 +2396,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "generic-array"
+version = "1.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fb130435a959a8d525e6bca66ff6c40981a300ee96d70e3ef56f046556d614a3"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustversion",
+ "serde_core",
+ "typenum",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -2332,6 +2448,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasip3",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "gimli"
+version = "0.32.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e629b9b98ef3dd8afe6ca2bd0f89306cec16d43d907889945bc5d6687f2f13c7"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "glob"
 version = "0.3.3"
@@ -2344,11 +2466,22 @@ version = "0.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f0f9ef7462f7c099f518d754361858f86d8a07af53ba9af0fe635bbccb151a63"
 dependencies = [
- "ff",
+ "ff 0.13.1",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "subtle",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "group"
+version = "0.14.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7fd1a1c7a5206c5b7a3f5a0d7ccd3ff85d0c8f5133d62a02680255b0004af5f4"
+dependencies = [
+ "ff 0.14.0",
+ "rand_core 0.10.1",
+ "subtle",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "h2"
 version = "0.4.13"
@@ -2368,6 +2501,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hash32"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "47d60b12902ba28e2730cd37e95b8c9223af2808df9e902d4df49588d1470606"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.12.3"
@@ -2408,6 +2550,16 @@ version = "0.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4f467dd6dccf739c208452f8014c75c18bb8301b050ad1cfb27153803edb0f51"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "heapless"
+version = "0.9.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "25ba4bd83f9415b58b4ed8dc5714c76e626a105be4646c02630ad730ad3b5aa4"
+dependencies = [
+ "hash32",
+ "stable_deref_trait",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -2500,11 +2652,13 @@ checksum = "df3b46402a9d5adb4c86a0cf463f42e19994e3ee891101b1841f30a545cb49a9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hybrid-array"
-version = "0.4.11"
+version = "0.4.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08d46837a0ed51fe95bd3b05de33cd64a1ee88fc797477ca48446872504507c5"
+checksum = "27f864f10dfb56725ce5ce5472bc52252c8f93a4ab86327122cebf62c5f59a17"
 dependencies = [
  "ctutils",
+ "serde",
+ "subtle",
  "typenum",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -2770,7 +2924,7 @@ version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "879f10e63c20629ecabbb64a8010319738c66a5cd0c29b02d63d272b03751d01"
 dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2789,6 +2943,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "is_ci"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7655c9839580ee829dfacba1d1278c2b7883e50a277ff7541299489d6bdfdc45"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
 version = "0.10.5"
@@ -2901,17 +3061,17 @@ checksum = "f6e3919bbaa2945715f0bb6d3934a173d1e9a59ac23767fbaaef277265a7411b"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "ecdsa",
- "elliptic-curve",
+ "elliptic-curve 0.13.8",
  "once_cell",
- "serdect",
+ "serdect 0.2.0",
  "sha2 0.10.9",
  "signature 2.2.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "kameo"
-version = "0.20.0"
+version = "0.22.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git?rev=805b417#805b41783fe90b54827ecad142b422c7a9b69b9a"
+source = "git+https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git?rev=3bbebac#3bbebac9f2a943be75588d80826e6bea45079d5f"
 dependencies = [
  "downcast-rs",
  "dyn-clone",
@@ -2924,8 +3084,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "kameo_actors"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.8.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git?rev=805b417#805b41783fe90b54827ecad142b422c7a9b69b9a"
+source = "git+https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git?rev=3bbebac#3bbebac9f2a943be75588d80826e6bea45079d5f"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "glob",
@@ -2936,14 +3096,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "kameo_macros"
-version = "0.20.0"
+version = "0.21.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git?rev=805b417#805b41783fe90b54827ecad142b422c7a9b69b9a"
+source = "git+https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git?rev=3bbebac#3bbebac9f2a943be75588d80826e6bea45079d5f"
 dependencies = [
- "darling 0.23.0",
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.117",
+ "syn 3.0.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3124,9 +3283,18 @@ version = "7.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5f98efec8807c63c752b5bd61f862c165c115b0a35685bdcfd9238c7aeb592b7"
 dependencies = [
+ "backtrace",
+ "backtrace-ext",
  "cfg-if",
  "miette-derive",
- "unicode-width",
+ "owo-colors",
+ "serde",
+ "supports-color",
+ "supports-hyperlinks",
+ "supports-unicode",
+ "terminal_size",
+ "textwrap",
+ "unicode-width 0.1.14",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3278,6 +3446,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num-bigint"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "93e7820bc0a80a0238e650327316f929ba18d5be054b647490a3a6a339f3e7c0"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-conv"
 version = "0.2.1"
@@ -3348,6 +3527,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "smallvec",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "object"
+version = "0.37.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ff76201f031d8863c38aa7f905eca4f53abbfa15f609db4277d44cd8938f33fe"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "oid-registry"
 version = "0.8.1"
@@ -3375,6 +3563,12 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7c87def4c32ab89d880effc9e097653c8da5d6ef28e6b539d313baaacfbafcbe"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "owo-colors"
+version = "4.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d211803b9b6b570f68772237e415a029d5a50c65d382910b879fb19d3271f94d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "parity-scale-codec"
 version = "3.7.5"
@@ -4157,7 +4351,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "fastrlp 0.3.1",
  "fastrlp 0.4.0",
- "num-bigint",
+ "num-bigint 0.4.6",
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -4178,6 +4372,12 @@ version = "1.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "48fd7bd8a6377e15ad9d42a8ec25371b94ddc67abe7c8b9127bec79bebaaae18"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc-demangle"
+version = "0.1.27"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b50b8869d9fc858ce7266cce0194bd74df58b9d0e3f6df3a9fc8eb470d95c09d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc-hash"
 version = "2.1.2"
@@ -4378,11 +4578,26 @@ version = "0.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d3e97a565f76233a6003f9f5c54be1d9c5bdfa3eccfb189469f11ec4901c47dc"
 dependencies = [
- "base16ct",
+ "base16ct 0.2.0",
  "der 0.7.10",
- "generic-array",
+ "generic-array 0.14.7",
  "pkcs8 0.10.2",
- "serdect",
+ "serdect 0.2.0",
+ "subtle",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sec1"
+version = "0.8.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d56d437c2f19203ce5f7122e507831de96f3d2d4d3be5af44a0b0a09d8a80e4d"
+dependencies = [
+ "base16ct 1.0.0",
+ "ctutils",
+ "der 0.8.0",
+ "hybrid-array",
+ "serdect 0.4.3",
  "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -4544,7 +4759,17 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a84f14a19e9a014bb9f4512488d9829a68e04ecabffb0f9904cd1ace94598177"
 dependencies = [
- "base16ct",
+ "base16ct 0.2.0",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serdect"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "66cf8fedced2fcf12406bcb34223dffb92eaf34908ede12fed414c82b7f00b3e"
+dependencies = [
+ "base16ct 1.0.0",
  "serde",
 ]
 
@@ -4590,6 +4815,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "keccak 0.2.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sha3"
+version = "0.12.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bc9bad02c26382724b2d2692c6f179285e4b54eeecd7968f52a50059c3c11759"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest 0.11.2",
+ "keccak 0.2.0",
+ "sponge-cursor",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "sha3-asm"
 version = "0.1.6"
@@ -4600,6 +4836,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "shake"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09057cb2149ad4cbd2da1e26b351f9a4c354219421229c69c3063e6f61947c4a"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest 0.11.2",
+ "keccak 0.2.0",
+ "sponge-cursor",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "sharded-slab"
 version = "0.1.7"
@@ -4733,6 +4980,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "der 0.8.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sponge-cursor"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3a0219bd7d979d58245a4f41f695e1ac9f8befdffadd7f61f1bae9e39abc6620"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "sqlite-wasm-rs"
 version = "0.5.3"
@@ -4817,6 +5070,27 @@ version = "2.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "13c2bddecc57b384dee18652358fb23172facb8a2c51ccc10d74c157bdea3292"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "supports-color"
+version = "3.0.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c64fc7232dd8d2e4ac5ce4ef302b1d81e0b80d055b9d77c7c4f51f6aa4c867d6"
+dependencies = [
+ "is_ci",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "supports-hyperlinks"
+version = "3.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e396b6523b11ccb83120b115a0b7366de372751aa6edf19844dfb13a6af97e91"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "supports-unicode"
+version = "3.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b7401a30af6cb5818bb64852270bb722533397edcfc7344954a38f420819ece2"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
 version = "1.0.109"
@@ -4839,6 +5113,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "3.0.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "12df2e0110f65b775f769bb17ef989067a1d931b2eb822bd4346631eeada89f9"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "syn-solidity"
 version = "1.5.7"
@@ -4890,6 +5175,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "terminal_size"
+version = "0.4.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "230a1b821ccbd75b185820a1f1ff7b14d21da1e442e22c0863ea5f08771a8874"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustix",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "test-log"
 version = "0.2.20"
@@ -4921,6 +5216,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "test-log-core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "textwrap"
+version = "0.16.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c13547615a44dc9c452a8a534638acdf07120d4b6847c8178705da06306a3057"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-linebreak",
+ "unicode-width 0.2.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
 version = "2.0.18"
@@ -5360,6 +5665,12 @@ version = "1.0.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-linebreak"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3b09c83c3c29d37506a3e260c08c03743a6bb66a9cd432c6934ab501a190571f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-segmentation"
 version = "1.13.2"
@@ -5372,6 +5683,12 @@ version = "0.1.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7dd6e30e90baa6f72411720665d41d89b9a3d039dc45b8faea1ddd07f617f6af"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-width"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b4ac048d71ede7ee76d585517add45da530660ef4390e49b098733c6e897f254"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-xid"
 version = "0.2.6"
@@ -5447,6 +5764,29 @@ version = "0.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "vsss-rs"
+version = "6.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d6bfc736cfd88115aedb95ba84bc2d428fe351e92a56f69fce090af301402d91"
+dependencies = [
+ "crypto-bigint 0.7.5",
+ "elliptic-curve 0.14.1",
+ "elliptic-curve-tools",
+ "ff 0.14.0",
+ "generic-array 1.4.2",
+ "hex",
+ "hybrid-array",
+ "num-bigint 0.5.1",
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand_core 0.10.1",
+ "serde",
+ "sha3 0.12.0",
+ "shake",
+ "subtle",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wait-timeout"
 version = "0.2.1"

server/Cargo.toml

@@ -12,13 +12,10 @@ base64 = "0.22.1"
 chrono = { version = "0.4.44", features = ["serde"] }
 futures = "0.3.32"
 k256 = { version = "0.13.4", features = ["ecdsa", "pkcs8"] }
-kameo = {git = "https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git", rev = "805b417"}
+kameo = {git = "https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git", rev = "3bbebac"}
-kameo_actors = {git = "https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git", rev = "805b417"}
+kameo_actors = {git = "https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git", rev = "3bbebac"}
 hmac = "0.13.0"
-# `derive` only: nothing renders a miette Report yet, so `fancy` would drag the
+miette = { version = "7.6.0", features = ["fancy", "serde"] }
-# terminal-formatting stack (owo-colors, supports-color, textwrap, terminal_size)
-# into the headless daemon. A CLI that wants pretty output enables `fancy` itself.
-miette = "7.6.0"
 ml-dsa = { version = "0.1.0-rc.9", features = ["zeroize"] }
 mutants = "0.0.4"
 prost = "0.14.3"
@@ -81,6 +78,7 @@ pub_underscore_fields = "allow"
 redundant_pub_crate = "allow" 
 uninhabited_references = "allow" # safe with unsafe_code = "forbid" and standard uninhabited pattern (match *self {})
 too-many-lines = "allow" # this is a very common pattern in server code, and it's not always possible to break it down into smaller modules without hurting readability
+unused_async_trait_impl = "allow" # too pedantic
 
 # restriction lints
 alloc_instead_of_core = "warn"

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/auth.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ use arbiter_proto::{
 use chrono::DateTime;
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum AuthError {
     #[error("Server sent invalid auth challenge")]
     InvalidChallenge,

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/client.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream;
 use tonic::transport::ClientTlsConfig;
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum ArbiterClientError {
     #[error("Authentication error")]
     Authentication(#[from] AuthError),
@@ -95,7 +94,6 @@ impl ArbiterClient {
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "evm")]
-    #[expect(clippy::unused_async, reason = "false positive")]
     pub async fn evm_wallets(&self) -> Result<Vec<ArbiterEvmWallet>, ArbiterClientError> {
         todo!("fetch EVM wallet list from server")
     }

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/storage.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ use arbiter_proto::home_path;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum StorageError {
     #[error("Invalid signing key length in storage: expected {expected} bytes, got {actual} bytes")]
     InvalidKeyLength { expected: usize, actual: usize },

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/transport.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ pub fn next_request_id() -> i32 {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum ClientSignError {
     #[error("Transport channel closed")]
     ChannelClosed,

server/crates/arbiter-proto/src/lib.rs

@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ pub mod proto {
             tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.evm");
         }
 
+        pub mod governance {
+            tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.governance");
+        }
+
         pub mod sdk_client {
             tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.sdk_client");
         }
@@ -34,6 +38,10 @@ pub mod proto {
                 tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.vault.bootstrap");
             }
 
+            pub mod rekey {
+                tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.vault.rekey");
+            }
+
             pub mod unseal {
                 tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.vault.unseal");
             }

server/crates/arbiter-proto/src/url.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ impl Display for ArbiterUrl {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error, miette::Diagnostic)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum Error {
     #[error("Invalid URL scheme, expected '{ARBITER_URL_SCHEME}://'")]
     #[diagnostic(

server/crates/arbiter-server/Cargo.toml

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ subtle = "2.6.1"
 x25519-dalek.workspace = true
 k256.workspace = true
 kameo_actors.workspace = true
+vsss-rs = "6.0.1"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 proptest = "1.11.0"

server/crates/arbiter-server/migrations/2026-02-14-171124-0000_init/up.sql

@@ -37,19 +37,32 @@ create table if not exists tls_history (
 create table if not exists arbiter_settings (
     id INTEGER not null PRIMARY KEY CHECK (id = 1), -- singleton row, id must be 1
     root_key_id integer references root_key_history (id) on delete RESTRICT, -- if null, means wasn't bootstrapped yet
-    tls_id integer references tls_history (id) on delete RESTRICT
+    tls_id integer references tls_history (id) on delete RESTRICT,
+    shamir_threshold integer
 ) STRICT;
 
 insert into arbiter_settings (id) values (1) on conflict do nothing;
 -- ensure singleton row exists
 
-create table if not exists operator_client (
+create table if not exists operator_identity (
     id integer not null primary key,
     public_key blob not null,
     created_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now')),
     updated_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now'))
 ) STRICT;
-create unique index if not exists uniq_operator_client_public_key on operator_client (public_key);
+create unique index if not exists uniq_operator_identity_public_key on operator_identity (public_key);
+
+create table if not exists operator (
+    id integer primary key references operator_identity(id) on delete restrict, -- same id as operator_identity
+
+    share blob not null,
+    share_nonce blob not null,
+    share_salt blob not null,
+
+    created_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now')),
+    updated_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now'))
+
+) STRICT;
 
 create table if not exists client_metadata (
     id integer not null primary key,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/bootstrap.rs

@@ -1,119 +1,160 @@
-use crate::db::{self, DatabasePool, schema};
+use crate::{
+    actors::vault::events,
+    db::{self, schema},
+};
 use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 use arbiter_proto::{BOOTSTRAP_PATH, home_path};
 
 use diesel::QueryDsl;
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
-use kameo::{Actor, messages};
+use kameo::{
+    Actor,
+    actor::ActorRef,
+    messages,
+    prelude::{Context, Message},
+};
+use kameo_actors::message_bus::{MessageBus, Register};
 use rand::{RngExt, distr::Alphanumeric, rngs::SysRng};
 use rand_core::UnwrapErr;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use subtle::ConstantTimeEq as _;
-use thiserror::Error;
 use tracing::warn;
 
 const TOKEN_LENGTH: usize = 64;
 
 async fn write_token_file(path: &Path, content: &str) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
+    if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
+        tokio::fs::create_dir_all(parent).await?;
+    }
     tokio::fs::write(path, content.as_bytes()).await?;
-
     #[cfg(unix)]
     {
         use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt as _;
         tokio::fs::set_permissions(path, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o600)).await?;
     }
-
     Ok(())
 }
 
+async fn remove_token_file(path: &Path) {
+    match tokio::fs::remove_file(path).await {
+        Ok(()) => {}
+        Err(error) if error.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
+        Err(error) => warn!(?error, ?path, "Failed to remove bootstrap token file"),
+    }
+}
+
 async fn generate_token(path: &Path) -> Result<SafeCell<[u8; TOKEN_LENGTH]>, std::io::Error> {
     let mut cell = SafeCell::new([0u8; TOKEN_LENGTH]);
     {
         let mut buf = cell.write();
-        for (slot, b) in buf
+        for (slot, byte) in buf
             .iter_mut()
             .zip(UnwrapErr(SysRng).sample_iter(Alphanumeric))
         {
-            *slot = b;
+            *slot = byte;
         }
     }
-
+    let token = cell.read_inline(|buf| String::from_utf8_lossy(buf.as_ref()).into_owned());
-    let token_str = cell.read_inline(|buf| String::from_utf8_lossy(buf.as_ref()).into_owned());
+    write_token_file(path, &token).await?;
-
-    write_token_file(path, &token_str).await?;
-
     Ok(cell)
 }
 
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum Error {
     #[error("Database error: {0}")]
     Database(#[from] db::PoolError),
-
     #[error("I/O error: {0}")]
     Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
-
     #[error("Database query error: {0}")]
     Query(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
 }
 
-#[derive(Actor)]
+/// Custodian of the one-time bootstrap token.
+///
+/// The token authorises registering operator identities before the vault
+/// exists. A Shamir committee needs every member registered before it can be
+/// declared, so the token stays valid across several registrations and is
+/// retired by the `Bootstrapped` event rather than by first use, whichever
+/// bootstrap path fired it.
+///
+/// Every daemon start mints a fresh token and overwrites the file: a token
+/// handed out by an earlier run is dead.
 pub struct Bootstrapper {
     token: Option<SafeCell<[u8; TOKEN_LENGTH]>>,
     token_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    events: ActorRef<MessageBus>,
 }
 
-impl Bootstrapper {
+impl Actor for Bootstrapper {
-    pub async fn new(db: &DatabasePool) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    type Args = Self;
-        let row_count: i64 = {
+    type Error = std::convert::Infallible;
-            let mut conn = db.get().await?;
 
-            schema::operator_client::table
+    async fn on_start(args: Self::Args, actor_ref: ActorRef<Self>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-                .count()
+        let _ = args
-                .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .events
-                .await?
+            .tell(Register(actor_ref.recipient::<events::Bootstrapped>()))
-        };
+            .await;
-
+        Ok(args)
-        let (token, token_path) = if row_count == 0 {
-            let path = home_path()?.join(BOOTSTRAP_PATH);
-            let token = generate_token(&path).await?;
-            (Some(token), Some(path))
-        } else {
-            (None, None)
-        };
-
-        Ok(Self { token, token_path })
     }
 }
 
 impl Bootstrapper {
-    fn is_correct_token(&mut self, token: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    pub async fn new(db: &db::DatabasePool, events: ActorRef<MessageBus>) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        self.token.as_mut().is_some_and(|expected| {
+        let path = home_path()?.join(BOOTSTRAP_PATH);
-            expected.read_inline(|exp| bool::from(exp.as_ref().ct_eq(token)))
+        let mut conn = db.get().await?;
+
+        let bootstrapped = schema::arbiter_settings::table
+            .select(schema::arbiter_settings::root_key_id)
+            .first::<Option<i32>>(&mut conn)
+            .await?
+            .is_some();
+        if bootstrapped {
+            // A token file can outlive the bootstrap that made it obsolete:
+            // the daemon may have been killed before the event was handled.
+            remove_token_file(&path).await;
+            return Ok(Self {
+                token: None,
+                token_path: None,
+                events,
+            });
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            token: Some(generate_token(&path).await?),
+            token_path: Some(path),
+            events,
         })
     }
+
+    async fn forget(&mut self) {
+        self.token = None;
+        if let Some(path) = self.token_path.take() {
+            remove_token_file(&path).await;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Message<events::Bootstrapped> for Bootstrapper {
+    type Reply = ();
+
+    async fn handle(
+        &mut self,
+        _: events::Bootstrapped,
+        _ctx: &mut Context<Self, Self::Reply>,
+    ) -> Self::Reply {
+        self.forget().await;
+    }
 }
     
 #[messages]
 impl Bootstrapper {
     #[message]
-    pub async fn consume_token(&mut self, token: Vec<u8>) -> bool {
+    pub fn verify_token(&mut self, token: Vec<u8>) -> bool {
-        if self.is_correct_token(&token) {
+        self.token.as_mut().is_some_and(|expected| {
-            self.token = None;
+            expected.read_inline(|bytes| bool::from(bytes.as_ref().ct_eq(token.as_slice())))
-            if let Some(path) = self.token_path.take()
+        })
-                && let Err(e) = tokio::fs::remove_file(&path).await
-            {
-                warn!(error = ?e, path = ?path, "Failed to delete bootstrap token file after consumption");
     }
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
-    }
-}
 
-#[messages]
-impl Bootstrapper {
     #[message]
     pub fn get_token(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
         self.token

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/evm/mod.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::{
     crypto::integrity::{self, Integrable},
     db::{
         DatabaseError, DatabasePool,
-        models::{self},
+        models::{self, EvmWalletId},
         schema,
     },
     evm::{
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ impl EvmActor {
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub async fn list_wallets(&self) -> Result<Vec<(i32, Address)>, Error> {
+    pub async fn list_wallets(&self) -> Result<Vec<(EvmWalletId, Address)>, Error> {
         let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
         let rows: Vec<models::EvmWallet> = schema::evm_wallet::table
             .select(models::EvmWallet::as_select())
@@ -295,18 +295,18 @@ impl EvmActor {
                 address: wallet_address,
                 aead_encrypted_id: wallet.aead_encrypted_id,
             },
-            wallet.id,
+            wallet.id.to_raw(),
         )
         .await
         .map_err(|e| {
-            error!(?e, wallet_id = wallet.id, "EVM wallet integrity check failed");
+            error!(?e, ?wallet.id, "EVM wallet integrity check failed");
             SignTransactionError::Internal
         })?;
         drop(conn);
 
         if attestation != integrity::AttestationStatus::Attested {
             error!(
-                wallet_id = wallet.id,
+                ?wallet.id,
                 "EVM wallet integrity unavailable; refusing to sign"
             );
             return Err(SignTransactionError::Internal);

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/mod.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 use crate::{
     actors::{
         bootstrap::Bootstrapper, evm::EvmActor, flow_coordinator::FlowCoordinator,
-        operator_registry::OperatorRegistry, vault::Vault,
+        operator_registry::OperatorRegistry, vault::Vault, vault_coordinator::VaultCoordinator,
+    },
+    db::{
+        self,
+        custody::{CustodyStore, DieselCustodyStore},
     },
-    db,
 };
 
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use kameo::actor::{ActorRef, Spawn};
 use kameo_actors::{DeliveryStrategy, message_bus::MessageBus};
 use thiserror::Error;
@@ -15,20 +20,22 @@ pub mod evm;
 pub mod flow_coordinator;
 pub mod operator_registry;
 pub mod vault;
+pub mod vault_coordinator;
 
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
 pub enum SpawnError {
     #[error("Failed to spawn Bootstrapper actor")]
     Bootstrapper(#[from] bootstrap::Error),
-
     #[error("Failed to spawn Vault actor")]
     Vault(#[from] vault::Error),
+    #[error("Failed to spawn VaultCoordinator actor")]
+    VaultCoordinator(#[from] vault_coordinator::Error),
 }
 
-/// Long-lived actors that are shared across all connections and handle global state and operations
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct GlobalActors {
     pub vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+    pub vault_coordinator: ActorRef<VaultCoordinator>,
     pub bootstrapper: ActorRef<Bootstrapper>,
     pub flow_coordinator: ActorRef<FlowCoordinator>,
     pub operator_registry: ActorRef<OperatorRegistry>,
@@ -42,18 +49,24 @@ impl GlobalActors {
     }
 
     pub async fn spawn(db: db::DatabasePool) -> Result<Self, SpawnError> {
-        let message_bus = Self::spawn_message_bus();
+        let events = Self::spawn_message_bus();
-        let key_holder = Vault::spawn(Vault::new(db.clone(), message_bus.clone()).await?);
+        let custody: Arc<dyn CustodyStore> = Arc::new(DieselCustodyStore);
+        let vault =
+            Vault::spawn(Vault::new(db.clone(), events.clone(), Arc::clone(&custody)).await?);
+        let bootstrapper = Bootstrapper::spawn(Bootstrapper::new(&db, events.clone()).await?);
+        let vault_coordinator =
+            VaultCoordinator::spawn(VaultCoordinator::new(db.clone(), vault.clone(), custody));
         let operator_registry = OperatorRegistry::spawn(OperatorRegistry::default());
         Ok(Self {
-            bootstrapper: Bootstrapper::spawn(Bootstrapper::new(&db).await?),
+            bootstrapper,
-            evm: EvmActor::spawn(EvmActor::new(key_holder.clone(), db)),
+            evm: EvmActor::spawn(EvmActor::new(vault.clone(), db.clone())),
-            vault: key_holder,
+            vault,
+            vault_coordinator,
             flow_coordinator: FlowCoordinator::spawn(FlowCoordinator::new(
                 operator_registry.clone(),
             )),
             operator_registry,
-            events: message_bus,
+            events,
         })
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/operator_registry.rs

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ impl Actor for OperatorRegistry {
 
     type Error = Infallible;
 
-    async fn on_start(args: Self::Args, _: ActorRef<Self>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+    fn on_start(args: Self::Args, _: ActorRef<Self>) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Self, Self::Error>> {
-        Ok(args)
+        std::future::ready(Ok(args))
     }
 
     async fn on_link_died(

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/vault/mod.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 use crate::{
     crypto::{
-        KeyCell, derive_key,
+        KeyCell,
         encryption::v1::{self, Nonce},
         integrity::v1::HmacSha256,
     },
     db::{
         self,
-        models::{self, RootKeyHistory},
+        custody::{CustodyRecord, CustodyStore},
+        models::{self, RootKeyHistory, RootKeyHistoryId},
         schema::{self},
     },
 };
+
 use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use chrono::Utc;
 use diesel::{
@@ -25,7 +28,6 @@ use strum::{EnumDiscriminants, IntoDiscriminant};
 use tracing::{error, info, warn};
 
 pub mod events {
-
     #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
     pub struct Bootstrapped;
 
@@ -61,15 +63,18 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Database transaction error: {0}")]
     DatabaseTransaction(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
 
+    #[error("Custody storage error: {0}")]
+    Custody(#[from] db::custody::Error),
+
     #[error("Broken database")]
     BrokenDatabase,
 
-    #[error("Integrity key version mismatch: envelope uses key {envelope}, current key is {current}")]
+    #[error("Integrity key version mismatch: envelope uses key {envelope:?}, current key is {current:?}")]
-    KeyVersionMismatch { envelope: i32, current: i32 },
+    KeyVersionMismatch { envelope: RootKeyHistoryId, current: RootKeyHistoryId },
 }
 
 struct Unsealed {
-    root_key_history_id: i32,
+    root_key_history_id: RootKeyHistoryId,
     root_key: KeyCell,
 }
 
@@ -78,8 +83,9 @@ struct Unsealed {
 enum State {
     #[default]
     Unbootstrapped,
+
     Sealed {
-        root_key_history_id: i32,
+        root_key_history_id: RootKeyHistoryId,
     },
     Unsealed(Unsealed),
 }
@@ -95,12 +101,17 @@ pub struct Vault {
     db: db::DatabasePool,
     state: State,
     events: ActorRef<MessageBus>,
+    custody: Arc<dyn CustodyStore>,
     unseal_failures: u32,
 }
 
 #[messages]
 impl Vault {
-    pub async fn new(db: db::DatabasePool, events: ActorRef<MessageBus>) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    pub async fn new(
+        db: db::DatabasePool,
+        events: ActorRef<MessageBus>,
+        custody: Arc<dyn CustodyStore>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
         let state = {
             let mut conn = db.get().await?;
 
@@ -118,12 +129,21 @@ impl Vault {
             }
         };
 
-        Ok(Self { db, state, events, unseal_failures: 0 })
+        Ok(Self {
+            db,
+            state,
+            events,
+            custody,
+            unseal_failures: 0,
+        })
     }
 
     // Exclusive transaction to avoid race condtions if multiple vaults write
     // additional layer of protection against nonce-reuse
-    async fn get_new_nonce(pool: &db::DatabasePool, root_key_id: i32) -> Result<Nonce, Error> {
+    async fn get_new_nonce(
+        pool: &db::DatabasePool,
+        root_key_id: RootKeyHistoryId,
+    ) -> Result<Nonce, Error> {
         let mut conn = pool.get().await?;
 
         let nonce = conn
@@ -136,7 +156,7 @@ impl Vault {
 
                 let mut nonce = Nonce::try_from(current_nonce.as_slice()).map_err(|()| {
                     error!(
-                        "Broken database: invalid nonce for root key history id={}",
+                        "Broken database: invalid nonce for root key history id={:#?}",
                         root_key_id
                     );
                     Error::BrokenDatabase
@@ -164,13 +184,16 @@ impl Vault {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Create the root key and take the vault into the unsealed state.
     #[message]
-    pub async fn bootstrap(&mut self, seal_key_raw: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    pub async fn bootstrap(
+        &mut self,
+        mut seal_key: KeyCell,
+        custody: Option<CustodyRecord>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
         if !matches!(self.state, State::Unbootstrapped) {
             return Err(Error::AlreadyBootstrapped);
         }
-        let salt = v1::generate_salt();
-        let mut seal_key = derive_key(seal_key_raw, &salt);
         let mut root_key = KeyCell::new_secure_random();
 
         // Zero nonces are fine because they are one-time
@@ -190,16 +213,17 @@ impl Vault {
         let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
 
         let data_encryption_nonce_bytes = data_encryption_nonce.to_vec();
+        let custody_store = Arc::clone(&self.custody);
         let root_key_history_id = conn
             .transaction(async |conn| {
-                let root_key_history_id: i32 = insert_into(schema::root_key_history::table)
+                let root_key_history_id = insert_into(schema::root_key_history::table)
                     .values(&models::NewRootKeyHistory {
                         ciphertext: root_key_ciphertext.clone(),
                         tag: v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG.to_vec(),
                         root_key_encryption_nonce: root_key_nonce.to_vec(),
                         data_encryption_nonce: data_encryption_nonce_bytes.clone(),
                         schema_version: 1,
-                        salt: salt.to_vec(),
+                        salt: v1::generate_salt().to_vec(),
                     })
                     .returning(schema::root_key_history::id)
                     .get_result(&mut *conn)
@@ -210,7 +234,11 @@ impl Vault {
                     .execute(&mut *conn)
                     .await?;
 
-                Result::<_, diesel::result::Error>::Ok(root_key_history_id)
+                if let Some(record) = custody.as_ref() {
+                    custody_store.write_record(&mut *conn, record).await?;
+                }
+
+                Result::<_, Error>::Ok(RootKeyHistoryId::from_raw(root_key_history_id))
             })
             .await?;
 
@@ -226,7 +254,7 @@ impl Vault {
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub async fn try_unseal(&mut self, seal_key_raw: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    pub async fn try_unseal(&mut self, mut seal_key: KeyCell) -> Result<(), Error> {
         if self.unseal_failures >= MAX_UNSEAL_ATTEMPTS {
             return Err(Error::LockedOut);
         }
@@ -248,13 +276,6 @@ impl Vault {
                 .await?
         };
 
-        let salt = &current_key.salt;
-        let salt = v1::Salt::try_from(salt.as_slice()).map_err(|_| {
-            error!("Broken database: invalid salt for root key");
-            Error::BrokenDatabase
-        })?;
-        let mut seal_key = derive_key(seal_key_raw, &salt);
-
         let mut root_key = SafeCell::new(current_key.ciphertext.clone());
 
         let nonce =
@@ -370,7 +391,10 @@ impl Vault {
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub fn sign_integrity(&mut self, mac_input: Vec<u8>) -> Result<(i32, Vec<u8>), Error> {
+    pub fn sign_integrity(
+        &mut self,
+        mac_input: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<(RootKeyHistoryId, Vec<u8>), Error> {
         let Unsealed {
             root_key,
             root_key_history_id,
@@ -380,7 +404,7 @@ impl Vault {
             HmacSha256::new_from_slice(k)
                 .unwrap_or_else(|_| unreachable!("HMAC accepts keys of any size"))
         });
-        hmac.update(&root_key_history_id.to_be_bytes());
+        hmac.update(&root_key_history_id.to_raw().to_be_bytes());
         hmac.update(&mac_input);
 
         let mac = hmac.finalize().into_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -392,7 +416,7 @@ impl Vault {
         &mut self,
         mac_input: Vec<u8>,
         expected_mac: Vec<u8>,
-        key_version: i32,
+        key_version: RootKeyHistoryId,
     ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
         let Unsealed {
             root_key,
@@ -410,7 +434,7 @@ impl Vault {
             HmacSha256::new_from_slice(k)
                 .unwrap_or_else(|_| unreachable!("HMAC accepts keys of any size"))
         });
-        hmac.update(&key_version.to_be_bytes());
+        hmac.update(&key_version.to_raw().to_be_bytes());
         hmac.update(&mac_input);
 
         Ok(hmac.verify_slice(&expected_mac).is_ok())
@@ -433,17 +457,20 @@ impl Vault {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::actors::GlobalActors;
+    use crate::{actors::GlobalActors, db::custody::DieselCustodyStore};
-    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::SafeCellHandle as _;
 
     use super::*;
 
     async fn bootstrapped_actor(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> Vault {
-        let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+        let mut actor = Vault::new(
+            db.clone(),
+            GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus(),
+            Arc::new(DieselCustodyStore),
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap();
-        let seal_key = SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec());
+        let seal_key = KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]);
-        actor.bootstrap(seal_key).await.unwrap();
+        actor.bootstrap(seal_key, None).await.unwrap();
         actor
     }
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/vault_coordinator/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+//! Coordinates the multi-operator ceremonies that create and open the vault.
+//!
+//! The coordinator collects one passphrase per committee member, then hands the
+//! assembled material to [`Vault`] in a single message. It owns no Diesel code:
+//! everything it reads or writes goes through [`CustodyStore`].
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+use argon2::RECOMMENDED_SALT_LEN;
+use kameo::{Actor, actor::ActorRef, error::SendError, messages};
+use rand::rngs::SysRng;
+use rand_core::{Rng as _, UnwrapErr};
+
+use crate::{
+    actors::vault::{self, Bootstrap, TryUnseal, Vault},
+    crypto::{KeyCell, derive_key, encryption::v1::Nonce, shamir},
+    db::{
+        self,
+        custody::{CustodyRecord, CustodyStore, EncryptedShare},
+        models::OperatorId,
+    },
+};
+
+const SHARE_AAD: &[u8] = b"arbiter/shamir-share/v1";
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum Error {
+    #[error("An ordinary committee is already being coordinated")]
+    AlreadyBootstrapping,
+    #[error("An unseal is already being coordinated")]
+    AlreadyUnsealing,
+    #[error("Bootstrap is not in progress")]
+    NotBootstrapping,
+    #[error("The operator already contributed")]
+    DuplicateContribution,
+    #[error("The ordinary committee cannot be empty")]
+    EmptyCommittee,
+    #[error("Two-operator committees are unsupported")]
+    UnsupportedCommittee,
+    #[error(
+        "The ordinary committee cannot exceed {} members",
+        shamir::MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE
+    )]
+    CommitteeTooLarge,
+    #[error("Invalid passphrase")]
+    InvalidPassphrase,
+    #[error("Broken database")]
+    BrokenDatabase,
+    #[error("Shamir error: {0}")]
+    Shamir(String),
+    #[error("Database connection error: {0}")]
+    DatabaseConnection(#[from] db::PoolError),
+    #[error("Custody storage error: {0}")]
+    Custody(#[from] db::custody::Error),
+    #[error("Encryption error")]
+    Encryption,
+    #[error("The vault is already bootstrapped")]
+    AlreadyBootstrapped,
+    #[error("Vault error")]
+    Vault,
+}
+
+/// Passphrases gathered so far, in contribution order.
+///
+/// A `Vec` rather than a map because [`SafeCell`] values are neither cloneable
+/// nor hashable, and a committee holds at most
+/// [`shamir::MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE`] of them.
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Contributions(Vec<(OperatorId, SafeCell<Vec<u8>>)>);
+
+impl Contributions {
+    fn contains(&self, operator_id: OperatorId) -> bool {
+        self.0.iter().any(|(id, _)| *id == operator_id)
+    }
+
+    fn put(&mut self, operator_id: OperatorId, passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) {
+        match self.0.iter_mut().find(|(id, _)| *id == operator_id) {
+            Some(slot) => slot.1 = passphrase,
+            None => self.0.push((operator_id, passphrase)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    const fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.len()
+    }
+
+    fn operators(&self) -> Vec<OperatorId> {
+        self.0.iter().map(|(id, _)| *id).collect()
+    }
+}
+
+enum CoordinatorState {
+    Idle,
+    Bootstrapping {
+        /// The operator that declared the committee. Only they may re-declare
+        /// it, which is the way out of a ceremony the others never finish.
+        declarer: OperatorId,
+        declared_count: usize,
+        contributions: Contributions,
+        retryable: bool,
+    },
+    Unsealing {
+        threshold: usize,
+        contributions: Contributions,
+        retryable: bool,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Actor)]
+pub struct VaultCoordinator {
+    db: db::DatabasePool,
+    vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+    custody: Arc<dyn CustodyStore>,
+    state: CoordinatorState,
+}
+
+impl VaultCoordinator {
+    pub fn new(
+        db: db::DatabasePool,
+        vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+        custody: Arc<dyn CustodyStore>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            db,
+            vault,
+            custody,
+            state: CoordinatorState::Idle,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Explain why a committee size was rejected.
+const fn committee_error(declared_count: usize) -> Error {
+    match declared_count {
+        0 => Error::EmptyCommittee,
+        2 => Error::UnsupportedCommittee,
+        _ => Error::CommitteeTooLarge,
+    }
+}
+
+fn encrypt_share(
+    passphrase: &mut SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+    share: &[u8],
+) -> Result<EncryptedShare, Error> {
+    let mut salt = [0u8; RECOMMENDED_SALT_LEN];
+    UnwrapErr(SysRng).fill_bytes(&mut salt);
+
+    let nonce = Nonce::default();
+    let ciphertext = derive_key(passphrase, &salt)
+        .encrypt(&nonce, SHARE_AAD, share)
+        .map_err(|_| Error::Encryption)?;
+
+    Ok(EncryptedShare {
+        ciphertext,
+        nonce: nonce.to_vec(),
+        salt: salt.to_vec(),
+    })
+}
+
+fn decrypt_share(
+    passphrase: &mut SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+    share: EncryptedShare,
+) -> Result<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, Error> {
+    let nonce = Nonce::try_from(share.nonce.as_slice()).map_err(|()| Error::BrokenDatabase)?;
+
+    let mut buffer = SafeCell::new(share.ciphertext);
+    derive_key(passphrase, &share.salt)
+        .decrypt_in_place(&nonce, SHARE_AAD, &mut buffer)
+        .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidPassphrase)?;
+
+    Ok(buffer)
+}
+
+const fn bootstrap_error(error: &SendError<Bootstrap, vault::Error>) -> Error {
+    match error {
+        SendError::HandlerError(vault::Error::AlreadyBootstrapped) => Error::AlreadyBootstrapped,
+        _ => Error::Vault,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Build the custody record and hand it to the vault, which stores it in the
+/// same transaction as the root key.
+async fn finalize_bootstrap(
+    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
+    contributions: &mut Contributions,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let total = contributions.len();
+    let threshold = shamir::shamir_threshold(total).ok_or_else(|| committee_error(total))?;
+
+    let mut seal_key = KeyCell::new_secure_random();
+    let mut shares = shamir::split_key(threshold, total, &mut seal_key, UnwrapErr(SysRng))
+        .map_err(|error| Error::Shamir(error.to_string()))?;
+
+    if shares.len() < total {
+        return Err(Error::Shamir("missing share for operator".to_owned()));
+    }
+
+    let mut encrypted = Vec::with_capacity(total);
+    for ((operator_id, passphrase), share) in contributions.0.iter_mut().zip(shares.iter_mut()) {
+        let share = share.read_inline(|share| encrypt_share(passphrase, share))?;
+        encrypted.push((*operator_id, share));
+    }
+
+    vault
+        .ask(Bootstrap {
+            seal_key,
+            custody: Some(CustodyRecord {
+                threshold,
+                shares: encrypted,
+            }),
+        })
+        .await
+        .map_err(|error| bootstrap_error(&error))
+}
+
+/// Reconstruct the seal key from the contributed passphrases and unseal.
+async fn finalize_unseal(
+    db: &db::DatabasePool,
+    custody: &Arc<dyn CustodyStore>,
+    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
+    threshold: usize,
+    contributions: &mut Contributions,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let stored = {
+        let mut conn = db.get().await?;
+        custody
+            .shares(&mut conn, &contributions.operators())
+            .await?
+    };
+
+    let mut plaintext = Vec::with_capacity(stored.len());
+    for ((_, passphrase), share) in contributions.0.iter_mut().zip(stored) {
+        plaintext.push(decrypt_share(passphrase, share)?);
+    }
+
+    let seal_key = shamir::combine_shares(threshold, &mut plaintext)
+        .map_err(|error| Error::Shamir(error.to_string()))?;
+
+    vault
+        .ask(TryUnseal { seal_key })
+        .await
+        .map_err(|_| Error::Vault)
+}
+
+#[messages]
+impl VaultCoordinator {
+    /// Announce how many operators will contribute to the bootstrap.
+    ///
+    /// The declaring operator may re-declare to restart the ceremony; that is
+    /// the only way to release a committee whose members never all show up.
+    #[message]
+    pub fn start_bootstrap(
+        &mut self,
+        operator_id: OperatorId,
+        declared_count: usize,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        if shamir::shamir_threshold(declared_count).is_none() {
+            return Err(committee_error(declared_count));
+        }
+
+        match &self.state {
+            CoordinatorState::Unsealing { .. } => return Err(Error::AlreadyUnsealing),
+            CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping { declarer, .. } if *declarer != operator_id => {
+                return Err(Error::AlreadyBootstrapping);
+            }
+            CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping { .. } | CoordinatorState::Idle => {}
+        }
+
+        self.state = CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping {
+            declarer: operator_id,
+            declared_count,
+            contributions: Contributions::default(),
+            retryable: false,
+        };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn contribute_bootstrap(
+        &mut self,
+        operator_id: OperatorId,
+        passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping {
+            declared_count,
+            contributions,
+            retryable,
+            ..
+        } = &mut self.state
+        else {
+            return Err(Error::NotBootstrapping);
+        };
+
+        if contributions.contains(operator_id) && !*retryable {
+            return Err(Error::DuplicateContribution);
+        }
+        contributions.put(operator_id, passphrase);
+        *retryable = false;
+
+        if contributions.len() < *declared_count {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+
+        let state = std::mem::replace(&mut self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle);
+        let CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping {
+            declarer,
+            declared_count,
+            mut contributions,
+            ..
+        } = state
+        else {
+            unreachable!("state was matched as Bootstrapping above")
+        };
+
+        match finalize_bootstrap(&self.vault, &mut contributions).await {
+            Ok(()) => Ok(true),
+            Err(error) => {
+                self.state = CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping {
+                    declarer,
+                    declared_count,
+                    contributions,
+                    retryable: true,
+                };
+                Err(error)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn contribute_unseal(
+        &mut self,
+        operator_id: OperatorId,
+        passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        if matches!(self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle) {
+            let threshold = {
+                let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
+                self.custody.threshold(&mut conn).await?
+            };
+            self.state = CoordinatorState::Unsealing {
+                threshold,
+                contributions: Contributions::default(),
+                retryable: false,
+            };
+        }
+
+        let CoordinatorState::Unsealing {
+            threshold,
+            contributions,
+            retryable,
+        } = &mut self.state
+        else {
+            return Err(Error::AlreadyBootstrapping);
+        };
+
+        if contributions.contains(operator_id) && !*retryable {
+            return Err(Error::DuplicateContribution);
+        }
+        contributions.put(operator_id, passphrase);
+        *retryable = false;
+
+        if contributions.len() < *threshold {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+
+        let state = std::mem::replace(&mut self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle);
+        let CoordinatorState::Unsealing {
+            threshold,
+            mut contributions,
+            ..
+        } = state
+        else {
+            unreachable!("state was matched as Unsealing above")
+        };
+
+        match finalize_unseal(
+            &self.db,
+            &self.custody,
+            &self.vault,
+            threshold,
+            &mut contributions,
+        )
+        .await
+        {
+            Ok(()) => Ok(true),
+            Err(error) => {
+                self.state = CoordinatorState::Unsealing {
+                    threshold,
+                    contributions,
+                    retryable: true,
+                };
+                Err(error)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/encryption/v1.rs

@@ -61,12 +61,11 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn derive_seal_key_deterministic() {
         static PASSWORD: &[u8] = b"password";
-        let password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
+        let mut password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
-        let password2 = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
         let salt = generate_salt();
 
-        let mut key1 = derive_key(password, &salt);
+        let mut key1 = derive_key(&mut password, &salt);
-        let mut key2 = derive_key(password2, &salt);
+        let mut key2 = derive_key(&mut password, &salt);
 
         let key1_reader = key1.0.read();
         let key2_reader = key2.0.read();
@@ -77,10 +76,10 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn successful_derive() {
         static PASSWORD: &[u8] = b"password";
-        let password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
+        let mut password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
         let salt = generate_salt();
 
-        let mut key = derive_key(password, &salt);
+        let mut key = derive_key(&mut password, &salt);
         let key_reader = key.0.read();
 
         assert_ne!(key_reader.as_slice(), &[0u8; 32][..]);

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/integrity/v1.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
 use hmac::Hmac;
 use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, error::SendError};
 use sha2::{Digest as _, Sha256};
-use tracing::error;
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum Error {
@@ -122,10 +121,7 @@ pub async fn sign_entity<E: Integrable>(
             .await
             .map_err(|err| match err {
                 SendError::HandlerError(inner) => Error::Vault(inner),
-                other => {
+                _ => Error::VaultSend,
-                    error!(?other, "Vault unreachable while signing integrity envelope");
-                    Error::VaultSend
-                }
             })?;
 
     insert_into(integrity_envelope::table)
@@ -199,23 +195,20 @@ pub async fn verify_entity<E: Integrable>(
         Err(SendError::HandlerError(
             vault::Error::Sealed | vault::Error::KeyVersionMismatch { .. },
         )) => Ok(AttestationStatus::Unavailable),
-        Err(other) => {
+        Err(_) => Err(Error::VaultSend),
-            error!(?other, "Vault unreachable while verifying integrity envelope");
-            Err(Error::VaultSend)
-        }
     }
 }
 
 pub async fn is_signing_available(vault: &ActorRef<Vault>) -> Result<bool, Error> {
-    let state = vault.ask(GetState).await.map_err(|err| {
+    let state = vault.ask(GetState).await.map_err(|_| Error::VaultSend)?;
-        error!(?err, "Vault unreachable while querying signing availability");
-        Error::VaultSend
-    })?;
     Ok(matches!(state, vault::VaultState::Unsealed))
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    use crate::db::custody::DieselCustodyStore;
     use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl};
     use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
     use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, prelude::Spawn};
@@ -225,9 +218,9 @@ mod tests {
             GlobalActors,
             vault::{Bootstrap, Vault},
         },
+        crypto::KeyCell,
         db::{self, schema},
     };
-    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 
     use super::{Error, Integrable, sign_entity, verify_entity};
     #[derive(Clone, arbiter_macros::Hashable)]
@@ -241,13 +234,18 @@ mod tests {
 
     async fn bootstrapped_vault(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> ActorRef<Vault> {
         let actor = Vault::spawn(
-            Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+            Vault::new(
+                db.clone(),
+                GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus(),
+                Arc::new(DieselCustodyStore),
+            )
             .await
             .unwrap(),
         );
         actor
             .ask(Bootstrap {
-                seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"integrity-test-seal-key".to_vec()),
+                seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+                custody: None,
             })
             .await
             .unwrap();

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
-use encryption::v1::{Nonce, Salt};
+use encryption::v1::Nonce;
 
 use argon2::{Algorithm, Argon2};
 use chacha20poly1305::{
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use rand::{
 
 pub mod encryption;
 pub mod integrity;
+pub mod shamir;
 
 pub struct KeyCell(pub SafeCell<Key>);
 impl From<SafeCell<Key>> for KeyCell {
@@ -20,6 +21,16 @@ impl From<SafeCell<Key>> for KeyCell {
         Self(value)
     }
 }
+
+impl From<[u8; 32]> for KeyCell {
+    fn from(bytes: [u8; 32]) -> Self {
+        let cell = SafeCell::new_inline(|key: &mut Key| {
+            key.copy_from_slice(&bytes);
+        });
+        Self(cell)
+    }
+}
+
 impl TryFrom<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>> for KeyCell {
     type Error = ();
 
@@ -58,6 +69,7 @@ impl KeyCell {
         let buffer = buffer.as_mut();
         cipher.encrypt_in_place(nonce, associated_data, buffer)
     }
+
     pub fn decrypt_in_place(
         &mut self,
         nonce: &Nonce,
@@ -93,8 +105,11 @@ impl KeyCell {
     }
 }
 
-/// Derive a fixed-length key from the password using Argon2id, which is designed for password hashing and key derivation.
+/// Derive a fixed-length key from a passphrase using Argon2id.
-pub fn derive_key(mut password: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, salt: &Salt) -> KeyCell {
+///
+/// The passphrase is borrowed so that callers can keep it in protected memory
+/// and reuse it across retries instead of handing over a copy.
+pub fn derive_key(password: &mut SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, salt: &[u8]) -> KeyCell {
     let params = {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
@@ -132,11 +147,11 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn encrypt_decrypt() {
         static PASSWORD: &[u8] = b"password";
-        let password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
+        let mut password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
         let salt = generate_salt();
 
-        let mut key = derive_key(password, &salt);
+        let mut key = derive_key(&mut password, &salt);
-        let nonce = Nonce(*b"unique nonce 123 1231233"); // 24 bytes for XChaCha20Poly1305
+        let nonce = Nonce(*b"unique nonce 123 1231233");
         let associated_data = b"associated data";
         let mut buffer = b"secret data".to_vec();
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/shamir.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+use rand_core::CryptoRng;
+use vsss_rs::Gf256;
+
+use crate::crypto::KeyCell;
+
+/// GF(256) addresses shares by a non-zero byte, so no committee can exceed 255.
+pub const MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE: usize = 255;
+
+/// Errors returned by Shamir split/combine operations.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum ShamirError {
+    #[error("failed to split key: {0}")]
+    Split(String),
+    #[error("failed to combine shares: {0}")]
+    Combine(String),
+}
+
+/// Return the required threshold for a Shamir share pool of `committee_size`.
+///
+/// A pool of two is rejected: a majority of two is two, which gives each holder
+/// a veto over every unseal without giving either one recovery. That rejects no
+/// supported committee, because a two-operator vault must carry at least one
+/// recovery share and so never splits into a pool of two -- see
+/// `docs/ARCHITECTURE.md` 3.9.
+#[expect(
+    clippy::integer_division,
+    reason = "majority thresholds use integer arithmetic"
+)]
+#[must_use]
+pub const fn shamir_threshold(committee_size: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+    match committee_size {
+        0 | 2 => None,
+        size if size > MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE => None,
+        1 => Some(1),
+        size => Some(size / 2 + 1),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Split a seal key into `total` shares, `threshold` of which reconstruct it.
+pub fn split_key(
+    threshold: usize,
+    total: usize,
+    key: &mut KeyCell,
+    rng: impl CryptoRng,
+) -> Result<Vec<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>>, ShamirError> {
+    if total == 0 || threshold == 0 || threshold > total || total == 2 || total > MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE
+    {
+        return Err(ShamirError::Split(
+            "unsupported committee parameters".to_owned(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    // Nothing to interpolate when one share suffices.
+    if threshold == 1 {
+        return Ok(key.0.read_inline(|key| {
+            std::iter::repeat_with(|| SafeCell::new(key.as_slice().to_vec()))
+                .take(total)
+                .collect()
+        }));
+    }
+
+    key.0.read_inline(|key| {
+        let key: &[u8; 32] = key
+            .as_slice()
+            .try_into()
+            .map_err(|_| ShamirError::Split("unexpected seal key length".to_owned()))?;
+
+        Gf256::split_array(threshold, total, key, rng)
+            .map(|shares| shares.into_iter().map(SafeCell::new).collect())
+            .map_err(|error| ShamirError::Split(format!("{error:?}")))
+    })
+}
+
+/// Combine shares back into the seal key.
+///
+/// `threshold` comes from storage rather than from the shapes of the shares:
+/// a one-of-one committee stores the key verbatim, and telling that apart by
+/// share length alone would misread any Shamir share that happened to be key
+/// sized.
+pub fn combine_shares(
+    threshold: usize,
+    shares: &mut [SafeCell<Vec<u8>>],
+) -> Result<KeyCell, ShamirError> {
+    if threshold == 0 {
+        return Err(ShamirError::Combine("threshold is zero".to_owned()));
+    }
+    if shares.len() < threshold {
+        return Err(ShamirError::Combine(
+            "not enough shares supplied".to_owned(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    // Mirror of the one-of-one case in [`split_key`]: the share is the key.
+    if threshold == 1 {
+        let share = shares
+            .first_mut()
+            .ok_or_else(|| ShamirError::Combine("no shares supplied".to_owned()))?;
+        return reconstructed_key(share.read_inline(|share| SafeCell::new(share.clone())));
+    }
+
+    let mut gathered = SafeCell::new(Vec::with_capacity(shares.len()));
+    for share in shares.iter_mut() {
+        share.read_inline(|share| {
+            gathered.write_inline(|gathered| gathered.push(share.clone()));
+        });
+    }
+
+    let combined = gathered.read_inline(|gathered| {
+        Gf256::combine_array(gathered.as_slice())
+            .map(SafeCell::new)
+            .map_err(|error| ShamirError::Combine(format!("{error:?}")))
+    })?;
+
+    reconstructed_key(combined)
+}
+
+fn reconstructed_key(bytes: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) -> Result<KeyCell, ShamirError> {
+    KeyCell::try_from(bytes)
+        .map_err(|()| ShamirError::Combine("unexpected reconstructed key length".to_owned()))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::{MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE, combine_shares, shamir_threshold, split_key};
+    use crate::crypto::KeyCell;
+    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+    use rand::rngs::SysRng;
+    use rand_core::UnwrapErr;
+    use rstest::rstest;
+
+    fn key_bytes(mut key: KeyCell) -> [u8; 32] {
+        key.0.read_inline(|key| {
+            let mut bytes = [0u8; 32];
+            bytes.copy_from_slice(key.as_slice());
+            bytes
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn select(shares: &mut [SafeCell<Vec<u8>>], indexes: &[usize]) -> Vec<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>> {
+        indexes
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|index| {
+                shares
+                    .get_mut(*index)
+                    .map(|share| share.read_inline(|share| SafeCell::new(share.clone())))
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case(&[0, 1])]
+    #[case(&[0, 2])]
+    #[case(&[1, 2])]
+    fn threshold_shares_reconstruct_fixed_key(#[case] indexes: &[usize]) {
+        let expected = [9_u8; 32];
+        let mut key = KeyCell::from(expected);
+        let rng = UnwrapErr(SysRng);
+        let mut shares = split_key(2, 3, &mut key, rng).expect("split should succeed");
+        let mut selected = select(&mut shares, indexes);
+        let combined = combine_shares(2, &mut selected).expect("combine should succeed");
+        assert_eq!(key_bytes(combined), expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn one_of_one_round_trips_a_fixed_size_key() {
+        let expected = [7_u8; 32];
+        let mut key = KeyCell::from(expected);
+        let rng = UnwrapErr(SysRng);
+        let mut shares = split_key(1, 1, &mut key, rng).expect("split should succeed");
+        let combined = combine_shares(1, &mut shares).expect("combine should succeed");
+        assert_eq!(key_bytes(combined), expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fewer_shares_than_threshold_is_rejected() {
+        let mut key = KeyCell::from([3_u8; 32]);
+        let rng = UnwrapErr(SysRng);
+        let mut shares = split_key(3, 5, &mut key, rng).expect("split should succeed");
+        let mut selected = select(&mut shares, &[0, 1]);
+        assert!(
+            combine_shares(3, &mut selected).is_err(),
+            "two of three shares must not reconstruct the key"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case(0, None)]
+    #[case(1, Some(1))]
+    #[case(2, None)]
+    #[case(3, Some(2))]
+    #[case(4, Some(3))]
+    #[case(MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE, Some(128))]
+    #[case(MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE + 1, None)]
+    fn committee_threshold_is_a_majority(
+        #[case] committee_size: usize,
+        #[case] expected: Option<usize>,
+    ) {
+        assert_eq!(shamir_threshold(committee_size), expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn oversized_committee_is_rejected_by_split() {
+        let mut key = KeyCell::from([1_u8; 32]);
+        let rng = UnwrapErr(SysRng);
+        assert!(
+            split_key(129, MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE + 1, &mut key, rng).is_err(),
+            "committees above the GF(256) share limit must be rejected"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn two_operator_committee_is_explicitly_unsupported() {
+        let mut key = KeyCell::from([7_u8; 32]);
+        let rng = UnwrapErr(SysRng);
+        assert!(
+            split_key(2, 2, &mut key, rng).is_err(),
+            "two-operator committees must be rejected"
+        );
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/db/custody.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+//! Storage for Shamir custody material: the reconstruction threshold and the
+//! per-operator encrypted shares of the vault seal key.
+//!
+//! Every query lives behind [`CustodyStore`] so that the actors above it hold
+//! no Diesel code of their own. [`CustodyStore::write_record`] borrows the
+//! caller's connection instead of taking one from the pool, which lets the
+//! vault write custody material inside the same transaction that stores the
+//! root key.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl};
+use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
+
+use crate::db::{
+    self,
+    models::{OperatorId, SqliteTimestamp},
+    schema,
+};
+
+/// One Shamir share, encrypted under a key derived from its operator's passphrase.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct EncryptedShare {
+    pub ciphertext: Vec<u8>,
+    pub nonce: Vec<u8>,
+    pub salt: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+/// Everything a bootstrap persists about custody, written as a single unit.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct CustodyRecord {
+    pub threshold: usize,
+    pub shares: Vec<(OperatorId, EncryptedShare)>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum Error {
+    #[error("Database query error: {0}")]
+    Query(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
+    #[error("Stored committee threshold is missing or out of range")]
+    BrokenThreshold,
+    #[error("Custody settings row is missing")]
+    MissingSettings,
+    #[error("No share stored for operator {0:?}")]
+    MissingShare(OperatorId),
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait CustodyStore: std::fmt::Debug + Send + Sync {
+    /// Persist threshold and shares on the caller's connection, joining any
+    /// transaction the caller has already opened.
+    async fn write_record(
+        &self,
+        conn: &mut db::DatabaseConnection,
+        record: &CustodyRecord,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error>;
+
+    /// Number of shares required to reconstruct the seal key.
+    async fn threshold(&self, conn: &mut db::DatabaseConnection) -> Result<usize, Error>;
+
+    /// Load the shares of `operators` in one query, in the order requested.
+    async fn shares(
+        &self,
+        conn: &mut db::DatabaseConnection,
+        operators: &[OperatorId],
+    ) -> Result<Vec<EncryptedShare>, Error>;
+}
+
+/// The production [`CustodyStore`], backed by the `SQLite` schema.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
+pub struct DieselCustodyStore;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl CustodyStore for DieselCustodyStore {
+    async fn write_record(
+        &self,
+        conn: &mut db::DatabaseConnection,
+        record: &CustodyRecord,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let threshold = i32::try_from(record.threshold).map_err(|_| Error::BrokenThreshold)?;
+
+        // SQLite has no batch form for REPLACE INTO in diesel, so the rows go
+        // in one at a time. The caller's transaction still makes them atomic.
+        let now = SqliteTimestamp::now();
+        for (operator_id, share) in &record.shares {
+            diesel::replace_into(schema::operator::table)
+                .values((
+                    schema::operator::id.eq(Some(*operator_id)),
+                    schema::operator::share.eq(&share.ciphertext),
+                    schema::operator::share_nonce.eq(&share.nonce),
+                    schema::operator::share_salt.eq(&share.salt),
+                    schema::operator::created_at.eq(now.clone()),
+                    schema::operator::updated_at.eq(now.clone()),
+                ))
+                .execute(&mut *conn)
+                .await?;
+        }
+
+        let updated = diesel::update(schema::arbiter_settings::table)
+            .set(schema::arbiter_settings::shamir_threshold.eq(Some(threshold)))
+            .execute(&mut *conn)
+            .await?;
+        if updated != 1 {
+            return Err(Error::MissingSettings);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn threshold(&self, conn: &mut db::DatabaseConnection) -> Result<usize, Error> {
+        let stored: Option<i32> = schema::arbiter_settings::table
+            .select(schema::arbiter_settings::shamir_threshold)
+            .first(conn)
+            .await?;
+
+        stored
+            .and_then(|value| usize::try_from(value).ok())
+            .filter(|threshold| *threshold > 0)
+            .ok_or(Error::BrokenThreshold)
+    }
+
+    async fn shares(
+        &self,
+        conn: &mut db::DatabaseConnection,
+        operators: &[OperatorId],
+    ) -> Result<Vec<EncryptedShare>, Error> {
+        let wanted: Vec<Option<OperatorId>> = operators.iter().copied().map(Some).collect();
+
+        let rows: Vec<(Option<OperatorId>, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> = schema::operator::table
+            .filter(schema::operator::id.eq_any(wanted))
+            .select((
+                schema::operator::id,
+                schema::operator::share,
+                schema::operator::share_nonce,
+                schema::operator::share_salt,
+            ))
+            .load(conn)
+            .await?;
+
+        let mut found: HashMap<OperatorId, EncryptedShare> = rows
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|(id, ciphertext, nonce, salt)| {
+                id.map(|id| {
+                    (
+                        id,
+                        EncryptedShare {
+                            ciphertext,
+                            nonce,
+                            salt,
+                        },
+                    )
+                })
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        operators
+            .iter()
+            .map(|id| found.remove(id).ok_or(Error::MissingShare(*id)))
+            .collect()
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/db/mod.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use diesel_migrations::{EmbeddedMigrations, MigrationHarness, embed_migrations};
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tracing::info;
 
+pub mod custody;
 pub mod models;
 pub mod schema;
 
@@ -154,3 +155,39 @@ pub async fn create_test_pool() -> DatabasePool {
         .await
         .expect("Failed to create test database pool")
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, result::DatabaseErrorKind};
+    use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl as _;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn operator_share_salt_must_be_supplied_by_application() {
+        let pool = create_test_pool().await;
+        let mut conn = pool.get().await.expect("pool connection");
+
+        let operator_id = diesel::insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
+            .values(schema::operator_identity::public_key.eq(vec![1]))
+            .returning(schema::operator_identity::id)
+            .get_result::<i32>(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .expect("insert operator identity");
+
+        let error = diesel::insert_into(schema::operator::table)
+            .values((
+                schema::operator::id.eq(operator_id),
+                schema::operator::share.eq(vec![2]),
+                schema::operator::share_nonce.eq(vec![3]),
+            ))
+            .execute(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .expect_err("operator insert without an application-generated salt must fail");
+
+        assert!(matches!(
+            error,
+            diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(DatabaseErrorKind::NotNullViolation, _)
+        ));
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/db/models.rs

@@ -79,10 +79,53 @@ pub mod types {
         }
     }
 
-    #[derive(Debug, FromSqlRow, AsExpression, Clone)]
+    macro_rules! declare_id {
+        ($name:ident) => {
+            #[derive(Debug, FromSqlRow, AsExpression, Clone, Hash, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
             #[diesel(sql_type = Integer)]
             #[repr(transparent)] // hint compiler to optimize the wrapper struct away
-    pub struct ChainId(pub i32);
+            pub struct $name(i32);
+
+            impl $name {
+                pub const fn to_raw(self) -> i32 {
+                    self.0
+                }
+                pub const fn from_raw(raw: i32) -> Self {
+                    Self(raw)
+                }
+            }
+
+            impl FromSql<Integer, Sqlite> for $name {
+                fn from_sql(
+                    bytes: <Sqlite as diesel::backend::Backend>::RawValue<'_>,
+                ) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
+                    FromSql::<Integer, Sqlite>::from_sql(bytes).map(Self)
+                }
+            }
+            impl ToSql<Integer, Sqlite> for $name {
+                fn to_sql<'b>(
+                    &'b self,
+                    out: &mut diesel::serialize::Output<'b, '_, Sqlite>,
+                ) -> diesel::serialize::Result {
+                    ToSql::<Integer, Sqlite>::to_sql(&self.0, out)
+                }
+            }
+
+            impl arbiter_crypto::hashing::Hashable for $name {
+                fn hash<H: arbiter_crypto::hashing::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
+                    arbiter_crypto::hashing::Hashable::hash(&self.0, hasher);
+                }
+            }
+
+            impl crate::crypto::integrity::v1::IntoId for $name {
+                fn into_id(self) -> Vec<u8> {
+                    crate::crypto::integrity::v1::IntoId::into_id(self.0)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    declare_id!(ChainId);
 
     #[expect(
         clippy::cast_sign_loss,
@@ -103,21 +146,13 @@ pub mod types {
         }
     };
 
-    impl FromSql<Integer, Sqlite> for ChainId {
+    declare_id!(OperatorId);
-        fn from_sql(
+    declare_id!(OperatorIdentityId);
-            bytes: <Sqlite as diesel::backend::Backend>::RawValue<'_>,
+    declare_id!(AeadEncryptedId);
-        ) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
+    declare_id!(RootKeyHistoryId);
-            FromSql::<Integer, Sqlite>::from_sql(bytes).map(Self)
+    declare_id!(TlsHistoryId);
-        }
+    declare_id!(EvmWalletId);
-    }
+    declare_id!(ClientId);
-    impl ToSql<Integer, Sqlite> for ChainId {
-        fn to_sql<'b>(
-            &'b self,
-            out: &mut diesel::serialize::Output<'b, '_, Sqlite>,
-        ) -> diesel::serialize::Result {
-            ToSql::<Integer, Sqlite>::to_sql(&self.0, out)
-        }
-    }
 }
 pub use types::*;
 
@@ -130,12 +165,12 @@ pub use types::*;
 )]
 #[diesel(table_name = aead_encrypted, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
 pub struct AeadEncrypted {
-    pub id: i32,
+    pub id: AeadEncryptedId,
     pub ciphertext: Vec<u8>,
     pub tag: Vec<u8>,
     pub current_nonce: Vec<u8>,
     pub schema_version: i32,
-    pub associated_root_key_id: i32, // references root_key_history.id
+    pub associated_root_key_id: RootKeyHistoryId,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
 }
 
@@ -148,7 +183,7 @@ pub struct AeadEncrypted {
     attributes_with = "deriveless"
 )]
 pub struct RootKeyHistory {
-    pub id: i32,
+    pub id: RootKeyHistoryId,
     pub ciphertext: Vec<u8>,
     pub tag: Vec<u8>,
     pub root_key_encryption_nonce: Vec<u8>,
@@ -166,7 +201,7 @@ pub struct RootKeyHistory {
     attributes_with = "deriveless"
 )]
 pub struct TlsHistory {
-    pub id: i32,
+    pub id: TlsHistoryId,
     pub cert: String,
     pub cert_key: String, // PEM Encoded private key
     pub ca_cert: String,  // PEM Encoded certificate for cert signing
@@ -180,6 +215,7 @@ pub struct ArbiterSettings {
     pub id: i32,
     pub root_key_id: Option<i32>, // references root_key_history.id
     pub tls_id: Option<i32>,      // references tls_history.id
+    pub shamir_threshold: Option<i32>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Models, Queryable, Debug, Insertable, Selectable)]
@@ -191,7 +227,7 @@ pub struct ArbiterSettings {
     attributes_with = "deriveless"
 )]
 pub struct EvmWallet {
-    pub id: i32,
+    pub id: EvmWalletId,
     pub address: Vec<u8>,
     pub aead_encrypted_id: i32,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
@@ -213,7 +249,7 @@ pub struct EvmWallet {
 )]
 pub struct EvmWalletAccess {
     pub id: i32,
-    pub wallet_id: i32,
+    pub wallet_id: EvmWalletId,
     pub client_id: i32,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
 }
@@ -240,7 +276,7 @@ pub struct ProgramClientMetadataHistory {
 #[derive(Models, Queryable, Debug, Insertable, Selectable)]
 #[diesel(table_name = schema::program_client, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
 pub struct ProgramClient {
-    pub id: i32,
+    pub id: ClientId,
     pub public_key: Vec<u8>,
     pub metadata_id: i32,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
@@ -250,12 +286,23 @@ pub struct ProgramClient {
 #[derive(Queryable, Debug)]
 #[diesel(table_name = schema::operator_client, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
 pub struct OperatorClient {
-    pub id: i32,
+    pub id: OperatorIdentityId,
     pub public_key: Vec<u8>,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
     pub updated_at: SqliteTimestamp,
 }
 
+#[derive(Queryable, Debug)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::operator, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct Operator {
+    pub id: OperatorId,
+    pub share: Vec<u8>,
+    pub share_nonce: Vec<u8>,
+    pub share_salt: Vec<u8>,
+    pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+    pub updated_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+}
+
 #[derive(Models, Queryable, Debug, Insertable, Selectable)]
 #[diesel(table_name = evm_ether_transfer_limit, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
 #[view(
@@ -399,7 +446,7 @@ pub struct IntegrityEnvelope {
     pub entity_kind: String,
     pub entity_id: Vec<u8>,
     pub payload_version: i32,
-    pub key_version: i32,
+    pub key_version: RootKeyHistoryId,
     pub mac: Vec<u8>,
     pub signed_at: SqliteTimestamp,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/db/schema.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ diesel::table! {
         id -> Integer,
         root_key_id -> Nullable<Integer>,
         tls_id -> Nullable<Integer>,
+        shamir_threshold -> Nullable<Integer>,
     }
 }
 
@@ -152,6 +153,26 @@ diesel::table! {
     }
 }
 
+diesel::table! {
+    operator (id) {
+        id -> Nullable<Integer>,
+        share -> Binary,
+        share_nonce -> Binary,
+        share_salt -> Binary,
+        created_at -> Integer,
+        updated_at -> Integer,
+    }
+}
+
+diesel::table! {
+    operator_identity (id) {
+        id -> Integer,
+        public_key -> Binary,
+        created_at -> Integer,
+        updated_at -> Integer,
+    }
+}
+
 diesel::table! {
     program_client (id) {
         id -> Integer,
@@ -185,15 +206,6 @@ diesel::table! {
     }
 }
 
-diesel::table! {
-    operator_client (id) {
-        id -> Integer,
-        public_key -> Binary,
-        created_at -> Integer,
-        updated_at -> Integer,
-    }
-}
-
 diesel::joinable!(aead_encrypted -> root_key_history (associated_root_key_id));
 diesel::joinable!(arbiter_settings -> root_key_history (root_key_id));
 diesel::joinable!(arbiter_settings -> tls_history (tls_id));
@@ -212,6 +224,7 @@ diesel::joinable!(evm_transaction_log -> evm_wallet_access (wallet_access_id));
 diesel::joinable!(evm_wallet -> aead_encrypted (aead_encrypted_id));
 diesel::joinable!(evm_wallet_access -> evm_wallet (wallet_id));
 diesel::joinable!(evm_wallet_access -> program_client (client_id));
+diesel::joinable!(operator -> operator_identity (id));
 diesel::joinable!(program_client -> client_metadata (metadata_id));
 
 diesel::allow_tables_to_appear_in_same_query!(
@@ -230,8 +243,9 @@ diesel::allow_tables_to_appear_in_same_query!(
     evm_wallet,
     evm_wallet_access,
     integrity_envelope,
+    operator,
+    operator_identity,
     program_client,
     root_key_history,
     tls_history,
-    operator_client,
 );

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/mod.rs

@@ -501,8 +501,10 @@ impl Engine {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    use crate::db::custody::DieselCustodyStore;
     use alloy::primitives::{Address, Bytes, U256, address};
-    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
     use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
     use diesel::{SelectableHelper, insert_into};
     use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
@@ -510,11 +512,13 @@ mod tests {
     use rstest::rstest;
 
     use crate::actors::{GlobalActors, vault::{Bootstrap, Vault}};
+    use crate::crypto::KeyCell;
     use crate::crypto::integrity;
     use crate::db::{
         self, DatabaseConnection,
         models::{
-            EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, NewEvmBasicGrant, NewEvmTransactionLog, SqliteTimestamp,
+            EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, EvmWalletId, NewEvmBasicGrant, NewEvmTransactionLog,
+            SqliteTimestamp,
         },
         schema::{evm_basic_grant, evm_transaction_log},
     };
@@ -534,7 +538,7 @@ mod tests {
         EvalContext {
             target: EvmWalletAccess {
                 id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-                wallet_id: 10,
+                wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(5),
                 client_id: 20,
                 created_at: SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now()),
             },
@@ -765,13 +769,18 @@ mod tests {
 
     async fn bootstrapped_vault(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> ActorRef<Vault> {
         let actor = Vault::spawn(
-            Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+            Vault::new(
+                db.clone(),
+                GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus(),
+                Arc::new(DieselCustodyStore),
+            )
             .await
             .unwrap(),
         );
         actor
             .ask(Bootstrap {
-                seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"integrity-test-seal-key".to_vec()),
+                seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+                custody: None,
             })
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -824,7 +833,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let wallet_access = EvmWalletAccess {
             id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-            wallet_id: 10,
+            wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(10),
             client_id: 20,
             created_at: SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now()),
         };

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies/ether_transfer/tests.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ use crate::{
     db::{
         self, DatabaseConnection,
         models::{
-            EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, NewEvmBasicGrant, NewEvmTransactionLog, SqliteTimestamp,
+            EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, EvmWalletId, NewEvmBasicGrant, NewEvmTransactionLog,
+            SqliteTimestamp,
         },
         schema::{evm_basic_grant, evm_transaction_log},
     },
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ fn ctx(to: Address, value: U256) -> EvalContext {
     EvalContext {
         target: EvmWalletAccess {
             id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-            wallet_id: 10,
+            wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(10),
             client_id: 20,
             created_at: SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now()),
         },

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies/token_transfers/tests.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use super::{Settings, TokenTransfer};
 use crate::{
     db::{
         self, DatabaseConnection,
-        models::{EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, NewEvmBasicGrant, SqliteTimestamp},
+        models::{EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, EvmWalletId, NewEvmBasicGrant, SqliteTimestamp},
         schema::evm_basic_grant,
     },
     evm::{
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ fn ctx(to: Address, calldata: Bytes) -> EvalContext {
     EvalContext {
         target: EvmWalletAccess {
             id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-            wallet_id: 10,
+            wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(10),
             client_id: 20,
             created_at: SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now()),
         },

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 use crate::{
     grpc::request_tracker::RequestTracker,
-    peers::operator::{OutOfBand, OperatorConnection, OperatorSession},
+    peers::operator::{OperatorConnection, OperatorSession, OutOfBand},
 };
 use arbiter_proto::{
     proto::operator::{
-        OperatorRequest, OperatorResponse,
+        OperatorRequest, OperatorResponse, operator_request::Payload as OperatorRequestPayload,
-        operator_request::Payload as OperatorRequestPayload,
         operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
     },
     transport::{Error as TransportError, Receiver, Sender, grpc::GrpcBi},
@@ -111,6 +110,9 @@ async fn dispatch_inner(
         OperatorRequestPayload::Vault(req) => vault::dispatch(actor, req).await,
         OperatorRequestPayload::Evm(req) => evm::dispatch(actor, req).await,
         OperatorRequestPayload::SdkClient(req) => sdk_client::dispatch(actor, req).await,
+        OperatorRequestPayload::Governance(_) => {
+            Err(Status::permission_denied(stringify!(Governance)))
+        }
         OperatorRequestPayload::Auth(..) => {
             warn!("Unsupported post-auth operator auth request");
             Err(Status::invalid_argument("Unsupported operator request"))

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/evm.rs

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ async fn handle_wallet_list(
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|(id, address)| WalletEntry {
                     address: address.to_vec(),
-                    id,
+                    id: id.to_raw(),
                 })
                 .collect(),
         }),

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/inbound.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 use crate::{
-    db::models::{CoreEvmWalletAccess, NewEvmWalletAccess},
+    db::models::{CoreEvmWalletAccess, EvmWalletId, NewEvmWalletAccess},
     evm::policies::{
         SharedGrantSettings, SpecificGrant, TransactionRateLimit, VolumeRateLimit, ether_transfer,
         token_transfers,
     },
-    grpc::Convert,
+    grpc::{Convert, TryConvert},
-    grpc::TryConvert,
 };
 use arbiter_proto::{
     proto::evm::{
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ impl Convert for WalletAccess {
 
     fn convert(self) -> Self::Output {
         NewEvmWalletAccess {
-            wallet_id: self.wallet_id,
+            wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(self.wallet_id),
             client_id: self.sdk_client_id,
         }
     }
@@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ impl TryConvert for SdkClientWalletAccess {
             return Err(Status::invalid_argument("Missing wallet access entry"));
         };
         Ok(CoreEvmWalletAccess {
-            wallet_id: access.wallet_id,
+            wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(access.wallet_id),
             client_id: access.sdk_client_id,
             id: self.id,
         })

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/outbound.rs

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl Convert for EvmWalletAccess {
         Self::Output {
             id: self.id,
             access: Some(WalletAccess {
-                wallet_id: self.wallet_id,
+                wallet_id: self.wallet_id.to_raw(),
                 sdk_client_id: self.client_id,
             }),
         }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/sdk_client.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::{
     db::models::NewEvmWalletAccess,
     grpc::Convert,
     peers::operator::{
-        OutOfBand, OperatorSession,
+        OperatorSession, OutOfBand,
         session::handlers::{
             HandleGrantEvmWalletAccess, HandleListWalletAccess, HandleNewClientApprove,
             HandleRevokeEvmWalletAccess, HandleSdkClientList,
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use arbiter_crypto::authn;
 use arbiter_proto::proto::{
-    shared::ClientInfo as ProtoClientMetadata,
     operator::{
+        operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
         sdk_client::{
             self as proto_sdk_client, ConnectionCancel as ProtoSdkClientConnectionCancel,
             ConnectionRequest as ProtoSdkClientConnectionRequest,
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ use arbiter_proto::proto::{
             request::Payload as SdkClientRequestPayload,
             response::Payload as SdkClientResponsePayload,
         },
-        operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
     },
+    shared::ClientInfo as ProtoClientMetadata,
 };
 
 use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ async fn handle_list(
             clients: clients
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|(client, metadata)| ProtoSdkClientEntry {
-                    id: client.id,
+                    id: client.id.to_raw(),
                     pubkey: client.public_key.clone(),
                     info: Some(ProtoClientMetadata {
                         name: metadata.name,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/vault.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use crate::{
     peers::operator::{OperatorSession, session::handlers::HandleQueryVaultState},
 };
 use arbiter_proto::{
-    proto::shared::VaultState as ProtoVaultState,
     proto::operator::{
         operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
         vault::{
@@ -11,6 +10,7 @@ use arbiter_proto::{
             response::Payload as VaultResponsePayload,
         },
     },
+    proto::shared::VaultState as ProtoVaultState,
 };
 
 use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ pub(super) async fn dispatch(
 
     match payload {
         VaultRequestPayload::QueryState(()) => handle_query_vault_state(actor).await,
-        VaultRequestPayload::Unseal(_) | VaultRequestPayload::Bootstrap(_) => {
+        VaultRequestPayload::Unseal(_)
-            Err(Status::permission_denied(
+        | VaultRequestPayload::Bootstrap(_)
+        | VaultRequestPayload::Rekey(_) => Err(Status::permission_denied(
             "Vault is already unsealed; unseal/bootstrap not permitted in session",
-            ))
+        )),
-        }
     }
 }
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/vault_gate/inbound.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 use crate::{
+    crypto::shamir,
     grpc::{Convert, TryConvert},
     peers::operator::vault_gate::{
-        self as vault_gate, HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey, HandleHandshake, HandleUnsealEncryptedKey,
+        self as vault_gate, HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey, HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase,
+        HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase, HandleDeclareCommittee, HandleHandshake,
+        HandleUnsealEncryptedKey,
     },
 };
 use arbiter_proto::proto::operator::{
     operator_request::Payload as OperatorRequestPayload,
     vault::{
         self as proto_vault,
-        bootstrap::{self as proto_bootstrap},
+        bootstrap::{self as proto_bootstrap, request::Payload as BootstrapRequestPayload},
         request::Payload as VaultRequestPayload,
         unseal::{self as proto_unseal, request::Payload as UnsealRequestPayload},
     },
@@ -50,6 +53,7 @@ impl TryConvert for VaultRequestPayload {
             Self::QueryState(()) => Ok(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleVaultState),
             Self::Unseal(req) => req.try_convert(),
             Self::Bootstrap(req) => req.try_convert(),
+            Self::Rekey(_) => Err(Status::unimplemented("Vault re-key is not available")),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -73,6 +77,16 @@ impl TryConvert for UnsealRequestPayload {
         match self {
             Self::Start(start) => start.try_convert(),
             Self::EncryptedKey(key) => Ok(key.convert()),
+            Self::ContributePassphrase(passphrase) => {
+                Ok(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(
+                    HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase {
+                        passphrase: passphrase.passphrase,
+                    },
+                ))
+            }
+            Self::ContributeRecoveryPassphrase(_) => Err(Status::unimplemented(
+                "Recovery operator contributions are not available",
+            )),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -107,12 +121,52 @@ impl TryConvert for proto_bootstrap::Request {
     type Error = Status;
 
     fn try_convert(self) -> Result<vault_gate::Inbound, Status> {
-        self.encrypted_key
+        self.payload
-            .ok_or_else(|| Status::invalid_argument("Missing bootstrap encrypted key"))?
+            .ok_or_else(|| Status::invalid_argument("Missing bootstrap payload"))?
             .try_convert()
     }
 }
 
+impl TryConvert for BootstrapRequestPayload {
+    type Output = vault_gate::Inbound;
+    type Error = Status;
+
+    fn try_convert(self) -> Result<vault_gate::Inbound, Status> {
+        match self {
+            Self::EncryptedKey(key) => key.try_convert(),
+            Self::DeclareCommittee(dc) => {
+                if dc.recovery_count != 0 {
+                    return Err(Status::unimplemented(
+                        "Recovery operator contributions are not available",
+                    ));
+                }
+                let count = usize::try_from(dc.count)
+                    .ok()
+                    .filter(|count| *count <= shamir::MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| {
+                        Status::invalid_argument(format!(
+                            "Committee count must not exceed {}",
+                            shamir::MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE
+                        ))
+                    })?;
+                Ok(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleDeclareCommittee(
+                    HandleDeclareCommittee { count },
+                ))
+            }
+            Self::ContributePassphrase(cp) => {
+                Ok(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(
+                    HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase {
+                        passphrase: cp.passphrase,
+                    },
+                ))
+            }
+            Self::ContributeRecoveryPassphrase(_) => Err(Status::unimplemented(
+                "Recovery operator contributions are not available",
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl TryConvert for proto_bootstrap::BootstrapEncryptedKey {
     type Output = vault_gate::Inbound;
     type Error = Status;

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/vault_gate/outbound.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 use crate::{
-    actors::vault::VaultState,
+    actors::{vault::VaultState, vault_coordinator},
     grpc::{Convert, TryConvert},
     peers::operator::vault_gate::{self as vault_gate},
 };
 use arbiter_proto::proto::{
-    shared::VaultState as ProtoVaultState,
     operator::{
         operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
         vault::{
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@ use arbiter_proto::proto::{
             },
         },
     },
+    shared::VaultState as ProtoVaultState,
 };
 
 use tonic::Status;
@@ -34,6 +34,26 @@ const fn wrap_unseal_response(payload: UnsealResponsePayload) -> OperatorRespons
     }))
 }
 
+/// Ceremony errors are the operator's own doing far more often than ours, so
+/// they travel back as a specific status instead of a blanket internal error.
+fn ceremony_status(error: &vault_coordinator::Error) -> Status {
+    match error {
+        vault_coordinator::Error::AlreadyBootstrapping
+        | vault_coordinator::Error::AlreadyUnsealing
+        | vault_coordinator::Error::NotBootstrapping
+        | vault_coordinator::Error::DuplicateContribution => {
+            Status::failed_precondition(error.to_string())
+        }
+        vault_coordinator::Error::EmptyCommittee
+        | vault_coordinator::Error::UnsupportedCommittee
+        | vault_coordinator::Error::CommitteeTooLarge => {
+            Status::invalid_argument(error.to_string())
+        }
+        vault_coordinator::Error::InvalidPassphrase => Status::unauthenticated(error.to_string()),
+        _ => Status::internal("Vault ceremony failed"),
+    }
+}
+
 fn wrap_bootstrap_response(result: ProtoBootstrapResult) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
     wrap_vault_response(VaultResponsePayload::Bootstrap(proto_bootstrap::Response {
         result: result.into(),
@@ -87,7 +107,6 @@ impl TryConvert for vault_gate::Outbound {
                 let proto_result = match result {
                     Ok(()) => ProtoUnsealResult::Success,
                     Err(vault_gate::Error::InvalidKey) => ProtoUnsealResult::InvalidKey,
-                    Err(vault_gate::Error::LockedOut) => ProtoUnsealResult::LockedOut,
                     Err(err) => {
                         warn!(?err, "unseal failed");
                         return Err(Status::internal("Failed to unseal vault"));
@@ -111,6 +130,56 @@ impl TryConvert for vault_gate::Outbound {
                 };
                 Ok(wrap_bootstrap_response(proto_result))
             }
+            Self::HandleDeclareCommittee(result) => {
+                let proto_result = match result {
+                    Ok(()) => ProtoBootstrapResult::AwaitingContributions,
+                    Err(vault_gate::Error::Ceremony(
+                        vault_coordinator::Error::AlreadyBootstrapped,
+                    )) => ProtoBootstrapResult::AlreadyBootstrapped,
+                    Err(vault_gate::Error::Ceremony(err)) => {
+                        warn!(?err, "declare committee failed");
+                        return Err(ceremony_status(&err));
+                    }
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        warn!(?err, "declare committee failed");
+                        return Err(Status::internal("Failed to declare committee"));
+                    }
+                };
+                Ok(wrap_bootstrap_response(proto_result))
+            }
+            Self::HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(result) => {
+                let proto_result = match result {
+                    Ok(true) => ProtoBootstrapResult::Success,
+                    Ok(false) => ProtoBootstrapResult::AwaitingContributions,
+                    Err(vault_gate::Error::Ceremony(
+                        vault_coordinator::Error::AlreadyBootstrapped,
+                    )) => ProtoBootstrapResult::AlreadyBootstrapped,
+                    Err(vault_gate::Error::Ceremony(err)) => {
+                        warn!(?err, "contribute bootstrap passphrase failed");
+                        return Err(ceremony_status(&err));
+                    }
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        warn!(?err, "contribute bootstrap passphrase failed");
+                        return Err(Status::internal(
+                            "Failed to contribute bootstrap passphrase",
+                        ));
+                    }
+                };
+                Ok(wrap_bootstrap_response(proto_result))
+            }
+            Self::HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(result) => {
+                let proto_result = match result {
+                    Ok(true) => ProtoUnsealResult::Success,
+                    Ok(false) => ProtoUnsealResult::AwaitingContributions,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        warn!(?err, "contribute unseal passphrase failed");
+                        return Err(Status::internal("Failed to contribute unseal passphrase"));
+                    }
+                };
+                Ok(wrap_unseal_response(UnsealResponsePayload::Result(
+                    proto_result.into(),
+                )))
+            }
         }
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/operator/auth/mod.rs

@@ -26,22 +26,21 @@ pub enum Error {
     UnregisteredPublicKey,
     InvalidChallengeSolution,
     InvalidBootstrapToken,
-    /// Reaches the operator verbatim via `Status::internal`, so the payload is
+    Internal { details: String },
-    /// `&'static str`: the type makes it impossible to interpolate an inner
-    /// error. Log the cause, send the constant.
-    Internal { details: &'static str },
     Transport,
 }
 
 impl Error {
-    const fn internal(details: &'static str) -> Self {
+    fn internal(details: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
-        Self::Internal { details }
+        Self::Internal {
+            details: details.into(),
+        }
     }
 }
 
 impl From<diesel::result::Error> for Error {
     fn from(e: diesel::result::Error) -> Self {
-        error!(error = %crate::utils::error_chain(&e), "Database error");
+        error!(?e, "Database error");
         Self::internal("Database error")
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/operator/auth/state.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ use super::{
     Error,
 };
 use crate::{
-    actors::bootstrap::ConsumeToken,
+    actors::bootstrap::VerifyToken,
-    db::{DatabasePool, schema::operator_client},
+    db::{DatabasePool, models::OperatorId, schema::operator_identity},
     peers::operator::auth::Outbound,
 };
 use arbiter_crypto::authn::{self, AuthChallenge, OPERATOR_CONTEXT};
@@ -37,16 +37,19 @@ smlang::statemachine!(
     }
 );
 
-async fn get_client_id(db: &DatabasePool, pubkey: &authn::PublicKey) -> Result<Option<i32>, Error> {
+async fn get_client_id(
+    db: &DatabasePool,
+    pubkey: &authn::PublicKey,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorId>, Error> {
     let mut conn = db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
         error!(error = ?e, "Database pool error");
         Error::internal("Database unavailable")
     })?;
 
-    operator_client::table
+    operator_identity::table
-        .filter(operator_client::public_key.eq(pubkey.to_bytes()))
+        .filter(operator_identity::public_key.eq(pubkey.to_bytes()))
-        .select(operator_client::id)
+        .select(operator_identity::id)
-        .first::<i32>(&mut conn)
+        .first::<OperatorId>(&mut conn)
         .await
         .optional()
         .map_err(|e| {
@@ -55,16 +58,16 @@ async fn get_client_id(db: &DatabasePool, pubkey: &authn::PublicKey) -> Result<O
         })
 }
 
-async fn register_key(db: &DatabasePool, pubkey: &authn::PublicKey) -> Result<i32, Error> {
+async fn register_key(db: &DatabasePool, pubkey: &authn::PublicKey) -> Result<OperatorId, Error> {
     let pubkey_bytes = pubkey.to_bytes();
     let mut conn = db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
         error!(error = ?e, "Database pool error");
         Error::internal("Database unavailable")
     })?;
 
-    let id: i32 = diesel::insert_into(operator_client::table)
+    let id: OperatorId = diesel::insert_into(operator_identity::table)
-        .values((operator_client::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes),))
+        .values((operator_identity::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes),))
-        .returning(operator_client::id)
+        .returning(operator_identity::id)
         .get_result(&mut conn)
         .await
         .map_err(|e| {
@@ -156,7 +159,7 @@ where
                     .conn
                     .actors
                     .bootstrapper
-                    .ask(ConsumeToken { token })
+                    .ask(VerifyToken { token })
                     .await
                     .map_err(|e| {
                         error!(?e, "Failed to consume bootstrap token");

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/operator/mod.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::{
         vault::{GetState, Vault},
     },
     crypto::integrity::{self, AttestationStatus, Integrable},
-    db::{DatabaseError, DatabasePool},
+    db::{DatabaseError, DatabasePool, models::OperatorId},
     peers::client::ClientProfile,
 };
 use arbiter_crypto::authn;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub mod vault_gate;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hashable)]
 pub struct Credentials {
-    pub id: i32,
+    pub id: OperatorId,
     pub pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
 }
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/operator/session/handlers.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 use super::{Error, OperatorSession};
 use crate::{
-    actors::evm::{
+    actors::{
+        evm::{
             ClientSignTransaction, Generate, ListWallets, OperatorCreateGrant, OperatorListGrants,
             SignTransactionError as EvmSignError,
         },
-    actors::flow_coordinator::{IsClientConnected, client_connect_approval::ClientApprovalAnswer},
+        flow_coordinator::{IsClientConnected, client_connect_approval::ClientApprovalAnswer},
-    actors::vault::VaultState,
+        vault::VaultState,
+    },
     db::{
-        models::{EvmWalletAccess, NewEvmWalletAccess, ProgramClient, ProgramClientMetadata},
+        models::{
+            EvmWalletAccess, EvmWalletId, NewEvmWalletAccess, ProgramClient, ProgramClientMetadata,
+        },
         schema::program_client,
     },
     evm::policies::{Grant, SpecificGrant},
@@ -76,7 +80,9 @@ impl OperatorSession {
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_evm_wallet_list(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<(i32, Address)>, Error> {
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_evm_wallet_list(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<(EvmWalletId, Address)>, Error> {
         match self.props.actors.evm.ask(ListWallets {}).await {
             Ok(wallets) => Ok(wallets),
             Err(err) => {
@@ -328,7 +334,7 @@ impl OperatorSession {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::db::{self, models::NewEvmWalletAccess, schema::evm_wallet_access};
+    use crate::db::{self, models::{EvmWalletId, NewEvmWalletAccess}, schema::evm_wallet_access};
     use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl as _, SelectableHelper};
     use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
 
@@ -348,7 +354,7 @@ mod tests {
         // entry B: id will be 2, wallet_id=1, client_id=20
         let entry_a = diesel::insert_into(evm_wallet_access::table)
             .values(NewEvmWalletAccess {
-                wallet_id: 1,
+                wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(1),
                 client_id: 10,
             })
             .returning(EvmWalletAccess::as_select())
@@ -358,7 +364,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let entry_b = diesel::insert_into(evm_wallet_access::table)
             .values(NewEvmWalletAccess {
-                wallet_id: 1,
+                wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(1),
                 client_id: 20,
             })
             .returning(EvmWalletAccess::as_select())
@@ -411,7 +417,7 @@ mod tests {
         for i in 1_i32..=5 {
             diesel::insert_into(evm_wallet_access::table)
                 .values(NewEvmWalletAccess {
-                    wallet_id: 99,
+                    wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(99),
                     client_id: i,
                 })
                 .execute(&mut *conn)
@@ -422,7 +428,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Real target: wallet_id=1, will get id=6.
         let target = diesel::insert_into(evm_wallet_access::table)
             .values(NewEvmWalletAccess {
-                wallet_id: 1,
+                wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(1),
                 client_id: 1,
             })
             .returning(EvmWalletAccess::as_select())
@@ -432,7 +438,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         // Sanity: target.id != target.wallet_id
         assert_ne!(
-            target.id, target.wallet_id,
+            target.id, target.wallet_id.to_raw(),
             "test prerequisite: id and wallet_id must differ"
         );
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/operator/vault_gate/mod.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ use crate::{
     actors::{
         GlobalActors,
         vault::{self, Bootstrap, GetState, TryUnseal, VaultState, events},
+        vault_coordinator::{self, ContributeBootstrap, ContributeUnseal, StartBootstrap},
     },
-    crypto::integrity::{self},
+    crypto::{KeyCell, integrity},
     db::DatabasePool,
 };
 use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
@@ -27,15 +28,27 @@ pub enum Error {
     InvalidKey,
     #[error("Vault locked: too many failed unseal attempts")]
     LockedOut,
-
     #[error("State transition failed")]
     State,
-
+    #[error("Vault ceremony failed: {0}")]
-    /// Reaches the operator verbatim via `Status::internal`, so the payload is
+    Ceremony(#[from] vault_coordinator::Error),
-    /// `&'static str`: the type makes it impossible to interpolate an inner
-    /// error. Log the cause, send the constant.
     #[error("Internal error: {0}")]
-    Internal(&'static str),
+    Internal(String),
+}
+
+impl Error {
+    fn internal(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::Internal(message.into())
+    }
+
+    /// Preserve the coordinator's own error so the operator learns why a
+    /// ceremony was refused instead of reading "internal error".
+    fn ceremony<M>(error: SendError<M, vault_coordinator::Error>) -> Self {
+        match error {
+            SendError::HandlerError(inner) => Self::Ceremony(inner),
+            _ => Self::internal("VaultCoordinator unavailable"),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct HandshakeResponse {
@@ -69,7 +82,6 @@ impl VaultGate {
 
 impl Actor for VaultGate {
     type Args = Self;
-
     type Error = ();
 
     async fn on_start(
@@ -100,11 +112,8 @@ impl VaultGate {
         associated_data: &[u8],
     ) -> Result<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, ()> {
         let nonce = XNonce::from_slice(nonce);
-
         let cipher = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(secret.as_bytes().into());
-
         let mut key_buffer = SafeCell::new(ciphertext.to_vec());
-
         let decryption_result = key_buffer.write_inline(|write_handle| {
             cipher.decrypt_in_place(nonce, associated_data, write_handle)
         });
@@ -117,9 +126,13 @@ impl VaultGate {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    fn key_cell(buffer: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) -> Result<KeyCell, Error> {
+        KeyCell::try_from(buffer).map_err(|()| Error::InvalidKey)
+    }
 }
 
-#[messages(messages = Inbound, replies = Outbound)]
+#[messages]
 impl VaultGate {
     #[message]
     pub fn handle_handshake(
@@ -128,14 +141,11 @@ impl VaultGate {
     ) -> Result<HandshakeResponse, Error> {
         let ephemeral_secret = EphemeralSecret::random();
         let public_key = PublicKey::from(&ephemeral_secret);
-
         let secret = ephemeral_secret.diffie_hellman(&client_pubkey);
-
         self.state = State::ReadyForExchange {
             server_key: public_key,
             secret,
         };
-
         Ok(HandshakeResponse {
             server_pubkey: public_key,
         })
@@ -151,20 +161,11 @@ impl VaultGate {
         let State::ReadyForExchange { secret, .. } = &self.state else {
             return Err(Error::State);
         };
+        let seal_key = Self::decrypt_key(secret, &nonce, &ciphertext, &associated_data)
+            .map_err(|()| Error::InvalidKey)
+            .and_then(Self::key_cell)?;
 
-        let Ok(seal_key_buffer) = Self::decrypt_key(secret, &nonce, &ciphertext, &associated_data)
+        match self.actors.vault.ask(TryUnseal { seal_key }).await {
-        else {
-            return Err(Error::InvalidKey);
-        };
-
-        match self
-            .actors
-            .vault
-            .ask(TryUnseal {
-                seal_key_raw: seal_key_buffer,
-            })
-            .await
-        {
             Ok(()) => {
                 info!("Successfully unsealed key with client-provided key");
                 Ok(())
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ impl VaultGate {
             }
             Err(err) => {
                 error!(?err, "Failed to send unseal request to vault");
-                Err(Error::Internal("Vault actor error"))
+                Err(Error::internal("Vault actor error"))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -192,17 +193,16 @@ impl VaultGate {
         let State::ReadyForExchange { secret, .. } = &self.state else {
             return Err(Error::State);
         };
-
+        let seal_key = Self::decrypt_key(secret, &nonce, &ciphertext, &associated_data)
-        let Ok(seal_key_buffer) = Self::decrypt_key(secret, &nonce, &ciphertext, &associated_data)
+            .map_err(|()| Error::InvalidKey)
-        else {
+            .and_then(Self::key_cell)?;
-            return Err(Error::InvalidKey);
-        };
 
         match self
             .actors
             .vault
             .ask(Bootstrap {
-                seal_key_raw: seal_key_buffer,
+                seal_key,
+                custody: None,
             })
             .await
         {
@@ -219,24 +219,60 @@ impl VaultGate {
             }
             Err(err) => {
                 error!(?err, "Failed to send bootstrap request to vault");
-                Err(Error::Internal("Vault error"))
+                Err(Error::internal("Vault error"))
             }
         }
     }
 
     #[message]
     pub async fn handle_vault_state(&mut self) -> Result<VaultState, Error> {
-        let answer = self
+        self.actors
-            .actors
             .vault
             .ask(GetState {})
             .await
-            .map_err(|err| {
+            .map_err(|_| Error::internal("failed to query vault"))
-                error!(?err, "Failed to query vault state");
+    }
-                Error::Internal("failed to query vault")
-            })?;
 
-        Ok(answer)
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn handle_declare_committee(&mut self, count: usize) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.actors
+            .vault_coordinator
+            .ask(StartBootstrap {
+                operator_id: self.auth_creds.id,
+                declared_count: count,
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(Error::ceremony)
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn handle_contribute_bootstrap_passphrase(
+        &mut self,
+        passphrase: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        self.actors
+            .vault_coordinator
+            .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
+                operator_id: self.auth_creds.id,
+                passphrase: SafeCell::new(passphrase),
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(Error::ceremony)
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn handle_contribute_unseal_passphrase(
+        &mut self,
+        passphrase: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        self.actors
+            .vault_coordinator
+            .ask(ContributeUnseal {
+                operator_id: self.auth_creds.id,
+                passphrase: SafeCell::new(passphrase),
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(Error::ceremony)
     }
 }
 
@@ -253,10 +289,7 @@ impl Message<events::Bootstrapped> for VaultGate {
                 .db
                 .get()
                 .await
-                .map_err(|err| {
+                .map_err(|_| Error::internal("DB unavailable"))?;
-                    error!(error = %crate::utils::error_chain(&err), "DB unavailable on bootstrap");
-                    Error::Internal("DB unavailable")
-                })?;
             integrity::sign_entity(
                 &mut conn,
                 &self.actors.vault,
@@ -264,12 +297,9 @@ impl Message<events::Bootstrapped> for VaultGate {
                 self.auth_creds.id,
             )
             .await
-            .map_err(|err| {
+            .map_err(|e| {
-                error!(
+                error!(?e, "Failed to sign integrity envelope on bootstrap");
-                    error = %crate::utils::error_chain(&err),
+                Error::internal("Integrity sign failed")
-                    "Failed to sign integrity envelope on bootstrap"
-                );
-                Error::Internal("Integrity sign failed")
             })?;
             Ok(())
         }
@@ -296,3 +326,75 @@ impl Message<events::Unsealed> for VaultGate {
         ctx.stop();
     }
 }
+
+pub enum Inbound {
+    HandleHandshake(HandleHandshake),
+    HandleUnsealEncryptedKey(HandleUnsealEncryptedKey),
+    HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey(HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey),
+    HandleVaultState,
+    HandleDeclareCommittee(HandleDeclareCommittee),
+    HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase),
+    HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase),
+}
+
+pub enum Outbound {
+    HandleHandshake(Result<HandshakeResponse, Error>),
+    HandleUnsealEncryptedKey(Result<(), Error>),
+    HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey(Result<(), Error>),
+    HandleVaultState(Result<VaultState, Error>),
+    HandleDeclareCommittee(Result<(), Error>),
+    HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(Result<bool, Error>),
+    HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(Result<bool, Error>),
+}
+
+impl Message<Inbound> for VaultGate {
+    type Reply = Result<Outbound, Error>;
+
+    async fn handle(
+        &mut self,
+        msg: Inbound,
+        _ctx: &mut kameo::prelude::Context<Self, Self::Reply>,
+    ) -> Self::Reply {
+        match msg {
+            Inbound::HandleHandshake(message) => Ok(Outbound::HandleHandshake(
+                self.handle_handshake(message.client_pubkey),
+            )),
+            Inbound::HandleUnsealEncryptedKey(message) => Ok(Outbound::HandleUnsealEncryptedKey(
+                self.handle_unseal_encrypted_key(
+                    message.nonce,
+                    message.ciphertext,
+                    message.associated_data,
+                )
+                .await,
+            )),
+            Inbound::HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey(message) => {
+                Ok(Outbound::HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey(
+                    self.handle_bootstrap_encrypted_key(
+                        message.nonce,
+                        message.ciphertext,
+                        message.associated_data,
+                    )
+                    .await,
+                ))
+            }
+            Inbound::HandleVaultState => {
+                Ok(Outbound::HandleVaultState(self.handle_vault_state().await))
+            }
+            Inbound::HandleDeclareCommittee(message) => Ok(Outbound::HandleDeclareCommittee(
+                self.handle_declare_committee(message.count).await,
+            )),
+            Inbound::HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(message) => {
+                Ok(Outbound::HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(
+                    self.handle_contribute_bootstrap_passphrase(message.passphrase)
+                        .await,
+                ))
+            }
+            Inbound::HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(message) => {
+                Ok(Outbound::HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(
+                    self.handle_contribute_unseal_passphrase(message.passphrase)
+                        .await,
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/utils.rs

@@ -14,47 +14,3 @@ impl<F: FnOnce()> Drop for DeferClosure<F> {
 pub fn defer<F: FnOnce()>(f: F) -> impl Drop + Sized {
     DeferClosure { f: Some(f) }
 }
-
-/// Renders an error together with its full `source` chain as `outer: inner: root`.
-///
-/// Error variants in this crate deliberately keep `Display` terse so that no
-/// internal detail can leak across the gRPC boundary. That same terseness would
-/// hide the cause in the logs, so use this for `tracing` fields, never in a
-/// wire payload.
-pub fn error_chain(err: &dyn core::error::Error) -> String {
-    let mut out = err.to_string();
-    let mut current = err.source();
-    while let Some(source) = current {
-        out.push_str(": ");
-        out.push_str(&source.to_string());
-        current = source.source();
-    }
-    out
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::error_chain;
-
-    #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-    #[error("root")]
-    struct Root;
-
-    #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-    #[error("middle")]
-    struct Middle(#[source] Root);
-
-    #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-    #[error("outer")]
-    struct Outer(#[source] Middle);
-
-    #[test]
-    fn walks_the_whole_source_chain() {
-        assert_eq!(error_chain(&Root), "root", "a leaf error renders alone");
-        assert_eq!(
-            error_chain(&Outer(Middle(Root))),
-            "outer: middle: root",
-            "every source link must appear, in order"
-        );
-    }
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/client/auth.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
 use super::common::ChannelTransport;
-use arbiter_crypto::{
+use arbiter_crypto::authn::{self, AuthChallenge, CLIENT_CONTEXT};
-    authn::{self, AuthChallenge, CLIENT_CONTEXT},
-    safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
-};
 use arbiter_proto::{
     ClientMetadata,
     transport::{Receiver, Sender},
 };
 use arbiter_server::{
     actors::{GlobalActors, vault::Bootstrap},
-    crypto::integrity,
+    crypto::{KeyCell, integrity},
     db::{self, schema},
     peers::client::{ClientConnection, ClientCredentials, auth, connect_client},
 };
@@ -86,8 +83,8 @@ async fn insert_bootstrap_sentinel_operator(db: &db::DatabasePool) {
         .0
         .to_vec();
 
-    insert_into(schema::operator_client::table)
+    insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
-        .values((schema::operator_client::public_key.eq(sentinel_key),))
+        .values((schema::operator_identity::public_key.eq(sentinel_key),))
         .execute(&mut conn)
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -100,7 +97,8 @@ async fn spawn_test_actors(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> GlobalActors {
     actors
         .vault
         .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()),
+            seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+            custody: None,
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -340,7 +338,10 @@ pub async fn metadata_frozen_after_approval_ignores_reconnect_changes() {
             .first::<(String, Option<String>, Option<String>)>(&mut conn)
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(metadata_count, 1, "frozen: no new metadata row on reconnect");
+        assert_eq!(
+            metadata_count, 1,
+            "frozen: no new metadata row on reconnect"
+        );
         assert_eq!(history_count, 0, "frozen: no history entry on reconnect");
         assert_eq!(
             current,

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/common/mod.rs

@@ -2,24 +2,30 @@
     dead_code,
     reason = "Common test utilities that may not be used in every test"
 )]
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+
 use arbiter_proto::transport::{Bi, Error, Receiver, Sender};
 use arbiter_server::{
     actors::{GlobalActors, vault::Vault},
-    db::{self, schema},
+    crypto::KeyCell,
+    db::{self, custody::DieselCustodyStore, schema},
 };
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use diesel::QueryDsl;
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 
 pub(crate) async fn bootstrapped_vault(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> Vault {
-    let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor = Vault::new(
+        db.clone(),
+        GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus(),
+        Arc::new(DieselCustodyStore),
+    )
     .await
     .unwrap();
     actor
-        .bootstrap(SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()))
+        .bootstrap(KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]), None)
         .await
         .unwrap();
     actor

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/operator/auth.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 use super::common::ChannelTransport;
-use arbiter_crypto::{
+use arbiter_crypto::authn::{self, AuthChallenge, OPERATOR_CONTEXT};
-    authn::{self, AuthChallenge, OPERATOR_CONTEXT},
-    safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
-};
 use arbiter_proto::transport::{Error as TransportError, Receiver, Sender};
 use arbiter_server::{
     actors::{GlobalActors, bootstrap::GetToken, vault::Bootstrap},
-    crypto::integrity,
+    crypto::{KeyCell, integrity},
-    db::{self, schema},
+    db::{self, models::OperatorId, schema},
     peers::operator::{self, Credentials, OperatorConnection, auth, vault_gate},
 };
 
@@ -154,13 +151,6 @@ impl Sender<auth::Inbound> for StartTestTransport {
 pub async fn bootstrap_token_auth() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-    actors
-        .vault
-        .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()),
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
     let token = actors.bootstrapper.ask(GetToken).await.unwrap().unwrap();
 
     let (mut server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
@@ -206,8 +196,8 @@ pub async fn bootstrap_token_auth() {
     task.await.unwrap().unwrap();
 
     let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-    let stored_pubkey: Vec<u8> = schema::operator_client::table
+    let stored_pubkey: Vec<u8> = schema::operator_identity::table
-        .select(schema::operator_client::public_key)
+        .select(schema::operator_identity::public_key)
         .first::<Vec<u8>>(&mut conn)
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -259,7 +249,7 @@ pub async fn bootstrap_invalid_token_auth() {
     ));
 
     let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-    let count: i64 = schema::operator_client::table
+    let count: i64 = schema::operator_identity::table
         .count()
         .get_result::<i64>(&mut conn)
         .await
@@ -275,7 +265,8 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth() {
     actors
         .vault
         .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()),
+            seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+            custody: None,
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -285,10 +276,10 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth() {
 
     {
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-        let id: i32 = insert_into(schema::operator_client::table)
+        let id: OperatorId = insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
-            .values((schema::operator_client::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes.clone()),))
+            .values((schema::operator_identity::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes.clone()),))
-            .returning(schema::operator_client::id)
+            .returning(schema::operator_identity::id)
-            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .get_result::<OperatorId>(&mut conn)
             .await
             .unwrap();
         integrity::sign_entity(
@@ -361,7 +352,8 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth_rejects_integrity_tag_mismatch_when_unsealed() {
     actors
         .vault
         .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()),
+            seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+            custody: None,
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -371,8 +363,8 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth_rejects_integrity_tag_mismatch_when_unsealed() {
 
     {
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-        insert_into(schema::operator_client::table)
+        insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
-            .values((schema::operator_client::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes.clone()),))
+            .values((schema::operator_identity::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes.clone()),))
             .execute(&mut conn)
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -434,7 +426,8 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth_rejects_invalid_signature() {
     actors
         .vault
         .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()),
+            seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+            custody: None,
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -444,10 +437,10 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth_rejects_invalid_signature() {
 
     {
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-        let id: i32 = insert_into(schema::operator_client::table)
+        let id: OperatorId = insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
-            .values((schema::operator_client::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes.clone()),))
+            .values((schema::operator_identity::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes.clone()),))
-            .returning(schema::operator_client::id)
+            .returning(schema::operator_identity::id)
-            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .get_result::<OperatorId>(&mut conn)
             .await
             .unwrap();
         integrity::sign_entity(
@@ -506,3 +499,92 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth_rejects_invalid_signature() {
         Err(auth::Error::InvalidChallengeSolution)
     ));
 }
+
+/// The bootstrap token authorises registering committee members *before* the
+/// vault exists. Once any bootstrap path succeeds it must stop working, or its
+/// holder could keep minting operator identities until the next restart.
+#[tokio::test]
+#[test_log::test]
+pub async fn bootstrap_token_rejected_after_bootstrap() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
+    let token = actors.bootstrapper.ask(GetToken).await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+    actors
+        .vault
+        .ask(Bootstrap {
+            seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+            custody: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // `Bootstrapped` travels through the message bus, so the token disappears
+    // a couple of actor turns after the bootstrap call returns.
+    let mut retired = false;
+    for _ in 0..100 {
+        if actors.bootstrapper.ask(GetToken).await.unwrap().is_none() {
+            retired = true;
+            break;
+        }
+        tokio::task::yield_now().await;
+    }
+    assert!(
+        retired,
+        "the bootstrap token must be retired once the vault is bootstrapped"
+    );
+
+    let (mut server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
+    let db_for_task = db.clone();
+    let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        let mut props = OperatorConnection::new(db_for_task, actors);
+        auth::authenticate(&mut props, &mut server_transport).await
+    });
+
+    let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
+    test_transport
+        .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
+            pubkey: verifying_key(&new_key).into(),
+            bootstrap_token: Some(token.into_bytes()),
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let response = test_transport
+        .recv()
+        .await
+        .expect("should receive challenge");
+    let challenge = match response {
+        Ok(auth::Outbound::AuthChallenge { challenge }) => challenge,
+        other => panic!("Expected AuthChallenge, got {other:?}"),
+    };
+
+    let signature = sign_operator_challenge(&new_key, &challenge);
+    test_transport
+        .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeSolution {
+            signature: signature.to_bytes(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let response = test_transport
+        .recv()
+        .await
+        .expect("should receive auth result");
+    assert!(
+        matches!(response, Err(auth::Error::InvalidBootstrapToken)),
+        "a spent bootstrap token must not authorise a new identity, got {response:?}"
+    );
+    assert!(task.await.unwrap().is_err(), "authentication must fail");
+
+    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+    let registered: i64 = schema::operator_identity::table
+        .count()
+        .get_result(&mut conn)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        registered, 0,
+        "no identity may be registered after the bootstrap"
+    );
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/operator/unseal.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::{
+use arbiter_crypto::authn;
-    authn,
-    safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
-};
 use arbiter_server::{
     actors::{
         GlobalActors,
         vault::{Bootstrap, Seal},
     },
-    db,
+    crypto::KeyCell,
+    db::{self, models::OperatorId},
     peers::operator::{
         Credentials,
         vault_gate::{
@@ -22,7 +20,7 @@ use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 use x25519_dalek::{EphemeralSecret, PublicKey};
 
 async fn setup_sealed_gate(
-    seal_key: &[u8],
+    seal_key: [u8; 32],
 ) -> (
     db::DatabasePool,
     kameo::actor::ActorRef<VaultGate>,
@@ -34,7 +32,8 @@ async fn setup_sealed_gate(
     actors
         .vault
         .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(seal_key.to_vec()),
+            seal_key: KeyCell::from(seal_key),
+            custody: None,
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -42,7 +41,10 @@ async fn setup_sealed_gate(
 
     let (promotion_tx, promotion_rx) = oneshot::channel();
     let pubkey = authn::SigningKey::generate().public_key();
-    let auth_creds = Credentials { id: 1, pubkey };
+    let auth_creds = Credentials {
+        id: OperatorId::from_raw(1),
+        pubkey,
+    };
     let gate = VaultGate::spawn(VaultGate::new(auth_creds, actors, db.clone(), promotion_tx));
 
     (db, gate, promotion_rx)
@@ -83,10 +85,10 @@ async fn client_dh_encrypt(
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn unseal_success() {
-    let seal_key = b"test-seal-key";
+    let seal_key = [7u8; 32];
     let (_db, gate, _promotion_rx) = setup_sealed_gate(seal_key).await;
 
-    let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, seal_key).await;
+    let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, &seal_key).await;
 
     let response = gate.ask(encrypted_key).await;
     assert!(matches!(response, Ok(())));
@@ -95,10 +97,10 @@ pub async fn unseal_success() {
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn unseal_wrong_seal_key() {
-    let seal_key = b"test-seal-key";
+    let seal_key = [7u8; 32];
     let (_db, gate, _promotion_rx) = setup_sealed_gate(seal_key).await;
 
-    let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, b"wrong-key").await;
+    let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, &[8u8; 32]).await;
 
     let response = gate.ask(encrypted_key).await;
     assert!(matches!(
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ pub async fn unseal_wrong_seal_key() {
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn unseal_corrupted_ciphertext() {
-    let seal_key = b"test-seal-key";
+    let seal_key = [7u8; 32];
     let (_db, gate, _promotion_rx) = setup_sealed_gate(seal_key).await;
 
     let client_secret = EphemeralSecret::random();
@@ -143,11 +145,11 @@ pub async fn unseal_corrupted_ciphertext() {
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn unseal_retry_after_invalid_key() {
-    let seal_key = b"real-seal-key";
+    let seal_key = [9u8; 32];
     let (_db, gate, _promotion_rx) = setup_sealed_gate(seal_key).await;
 
     {
-        let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, b"wrong-key").await;
+        let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, &[8u8; 32]).await;
 
         let response = gate.ask(encrypted_key).await;
         assert!(matches!(
@@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ pub async fn unseal_retry_after_invalid_key() {
     }
 
     {
-        let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, seal_key).await;
+        let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, &seal_key).await;
 
         let response = gate.ask(encrypted_key).await;
         assert!(matches!(response, Ok(())));

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/vault.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ mod common;
 
 #[path = "vault/concurrency.rs"]
 mod concurrency;
+#[path = "vault/custody.rs"]
+mod custody;
 #[path = "vault/lifecycle.rs"]
 mod lifecycle;
 #[path = "vault/storage.rs"]

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/vault/concurrency.rs

@@ -5,13 +5,17 @@ use arbiter_server::{
         GlobalActors,
         vault::{CreateNew, Error, Vault},
     },
-    db::{self, models, schema},
+    crypto::KeyCell,
+    db::{self, custody::DieselCustodyStore, models, schema},
 };
 
 use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl, SelectableHelper, dsl::sql_query};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 use kameo::actor::{ActorRef, Spawn as _};
-use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::{
+    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
+    sync::Arc,
+};
 use tokio::task::JoinSet;
 
 const TEST_AAD: &[u8] = b"test-aad";
@@ -165,11 +169,15 @@ async fn decrypt_roundtrip_after_high_concurrency() {
     let writes = write_concurrently(actor, "roundtrip", 40).await;
     let expected: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>> = writes.into_iter().collect();
 
-    let mut decryptor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut decryptor = Vault::new(
+        db.clone(),
+        GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus(),
+        Arc::new(DieselCustodyStore),
+    )
     .await
     .unwrap();
     decryptor
-        .try_unseal(SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()))
+        .try_unseal(KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]))
         .await
         .unwrap();
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/vault/custody.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+//! End-to-end coverage for the Shamir custody ceremonies.
+
+use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+use arbiter_server::{
+    actors::{
+        GlobalActors,
+        vault::{Bootstrap, GetState, Seal, VaultState},
+        vault_coordinator::{ContributeBootstrap, ContributeUnseal, StartBootstrap},
+    },
+    crypto::{KeyCell, shamir},
+    db::{self, models::OperatorId, schema},
+};
+
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl};
+use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
+
+/// Register `count` operator identities so committee members satisfy the
+/// foreign key from `operator` to `operator_identity`.
+async fn register_operators(db: &db::DatabasePool, count: usize) -> Vec<OperatorId> {
+    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+    let mut ids = Vec::with_capacity(count);
+    for index in 0..count {
+        let pubkey = vec![u8::try_from(index).unwrap(); 32];
+        let id: OperatorId = diesel::insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
+            .values((schema::operator_identity::public_key.eq(pubkey),))
+            .returning(schema::operator_identity::id)
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        ids.push(id);
+    }
+    ids
+}
+
+async fn stored_share_count(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> i64 {
+    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+    schema::operator::table
+        .count()
+        .get_result(&mut conn)
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+async fn stored_threshold(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> Option<i32> {
+    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+    schema::arbiter_settings::table
+        .select(schema::arbiter_settings::shamir_threshold)
+        .first(&mut conn)
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+fn passphrase(seed: u8) -> SafeCell<Vec<u8>> {
+    SafeCell::new(vec![seed; 16])
+}
+
+/// The happy path: three operators bootstrap, and any two of them reopen the
+/// vault after it is sealed.
+#[tokio::test]
+#[test_log::test]
+async fn committee_of_three_unseals_with_two_passphrases() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
+    let operators = register_operators(&db, 3).await;
+
+    actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(StartBootstrap {
+            operator_id: operators[0],
+            declared_count: 3,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    for (index, operator_id) in operators.iter().enumerate() {
+        let finished = actors
+            .vault_coordinator
+            .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
+                operator_id: *operator_id,
+                passphrase: passphrase(u8::try_from(index).unwrap()),
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            finished,
+            index == 2,
+            "the ceremony finishes only on the last contribution"
+        );
+    }
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        actors.vault.ask(GetState {}).await.unwrap(),
+        VaultState::Unsealed
+    );
+    assert_eq!(stored_share_count(&db).await, 3);
+    assert_eq!(stored_threshold(&db).await, Some(2));
+
+    actors.vault.ask(Seal {}).await.unwrap();
+
+    let first = actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(ContributeUnseal {
+            operator_id: operators[0],
+            passphrase: passphrase(0),
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    assert!(!first, "one of two shares must not unseal");
+
+    let second = actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(ContributeUnseal {
+            operator_id: operators[2],
+            passphrase: passphrase(2),
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    assert!(second, "the threshold contribution should unseal the vault");
+    assert_eq!(
+        actors.vault.ask(GetState {}).await.unwrap(),
+        VaultState::Unsealed
+    );
+}
+
+/// Shares that describe a seal key the vault never adopted would make the vault
+/// permanently un-unsealable, so a refused bootstrap must leave the table empty.
+#[tokio::test]
+#[test_log::test]
+async fn refused_bootstrap_stores_no_shares() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
+    let operators = register_operators(&db, 1).await;
+
+    // Another path bootstraps the vault first; the ceremony now has nowhere to go.
+    actors
+        .vault
+        .ask(Bootstrap {
+            seal_key: KeyCell::from([4u8; 32]),
+            custody: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(StartBootstrap {
+            operator_id: operators[0],
+            declared_count: 1,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let error = actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
+            operator_id: operators[0],
+            passphrase: passphrase(1),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect_err("bootstrapping an already bootstrapped vault must fail");
+    assert!(
+        format!("{error:?}").contains("AlreadyBootstrapped"),
+        "expected AlreadyBootstrapped, got {error:?}"
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        stored_share_count(&db).await,
+        0,
+        "a refused bootstrap must not leave shares behind"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        stored_threshold(&db).await,
+        None,
+        "a refused bootstrap must not leave a threshold behind"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+#[test_log::test]
+async fn oversized_and_degenerate_committees_are_rejected() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
+    let operators = register_operators(&db, 1).await;
+
+    for (count, expected) in [
+        (0_usize, "EmptyCommittee"),
+        (2, "UnsupportedCommittee"),
+        (shamir::MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE + 1, "CommitteeTooLarge"),
+        (usize::MAX, "CommitteeTooLarge"),
+    ] {
+        let error = actors
+            .vault_coordinator
+            .ask(StartBootstrap {
+                operator_id: operators[0],
+                declared_count: count,
+            })
+            .await
+            .expect_err("committee size must be rejected");
+        assert!(
+            format!("{error:?}").contains(expected),
+            "expected {expected} for count {count}, got {error:?}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+/// A committee whose members never all show up would otherwise wedge the
+/// coordinator until restart. Only the operator that declared it may reset it.
+#[tokio::test]
+#[test_log::test]
+async fn only_the_declarer_may_restart_a_stalled_committee() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
+    let operators = register_operators(&db, 3).await;
+
+    actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(StartBootstrap {
+            operator_id: operators[0],
+            declared_count: 3,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
+            operator_id: operators[0],
+            passphrase: passphrase(0),
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let error = actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(StartBootstrap {
+            operator_id: operators[1],
+            declared_count: 3,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect_err("a bystander must not reset someone else's ceremony");
+    assert!(
+        format!("{error:?}").contains("AlreadyBootstrapping"),
+        "expected AlreadyBootstrapping, got {error:?}"
+    );
+
+    actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(StartBootstrap {
+            operator_id: operators[0],
+            declared_count: 1,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("the declarer may restart the ceremony");
+
+    let finished = actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
+            operator_id: operators[0],
+            passphrase: passphrase(0),
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    assert!(
+        finished,
+        "the restarted one-operator ceremony should complete"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(stored_share_count(&db).await, 1);
+}
+
+/// A wrong passphrase must not unseal, and the operator must be able to retry.
+#[tokio::test]
+#[test_log::test]
+async fn wrong_passphrase_is_rejected_and_retryable() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
+    let operators = register_operators(&db, 1).await;
+
+    actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(StartBootstrap {
+            operator_id: operators[0],
+            declared_count: 1,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
+            operator_id: operators[0],
+            passphrase: passphrase(7),
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    actors.vault.ask(Seal {}).await.unwrap();
+
+    let error = actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(ContributeUnseal {
+            operator_id: operators[0],
+            passphrase: passphrase(8),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect_err("a wrong passphrase must not unseal");
+    assert!(
+        format!("{error:?}").contains("InvalidPassphrase"),
+        "expected InvalidPassphrase, got {error:?}"
+    );
+
+    let unsealed = actors
+        .vault_coordinator
+        .ask(ContributeUnseal {
+            operator_id: operators[0],
+            passphrase: passphrase(7),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("the operator may retry with the correct passphrase");
+    assert!(unsealed, "the retry should unseal the vault");
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/vault/lifecycle.rs

@@ -5,12 +5,16 @@ use arbiter_server::{
         GlobalActors,
         vault::{Error, Vault},
     },
-    crypto::encryption::v1::{Nonce, ROOT_KEY_TAG},
+    crypto::{
-    db::{self, models, schema},
+        KeyCell,
+        encryption::v1::{Nonce, ROOT_KEY_TAG},
+    },
+    db::{self, custody::DieselCustodyStore, models, schema},
 };
 
 use diesel::{QueryDsl, SelectableHelper};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 const TEST_AAD: &[u8] = b"test-aad";
 
@@ -18,12 +22,16 @@ const TEST_AAD: &[u8] = b"test-aad";
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn bootstrap() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor = Vault::new(
+        db.clone(),
+        GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus(),
+        Arc::new(DieselCustodyStore),
+    )
     .await
     .unwrap();
 
-    let seal_key = SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec());
+    let seal_key = KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]);
-    actor.bootstrap(seal_key).await.unwrap();
+    actor.bootstrap(seal_key, None).await.unwrap();
 
     let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
     let row: models::RootKeyHistory = schema::root_key_history::table
@@ -45,8 +53,8 @@ async fn bootstrap_rejects_double() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
 
-    let seal_key2 = SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec());
+    let seal_key2 = KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]);
-    let err = actor.bootstrap(seal_key2).await.unwrap_err();
+    let err = actor.bootstrap(seal_key2, None).await.unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::AlreadyBootstrapped));
 }
 
@@ -54,7 +62,11 @@ async fn bootstrap_rejects_double() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn create_new_before_bootstrap_fails() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = Vault::new(db, GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor = Vault::new(
+        db,
+        GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus(),
+        Arc::new(DieselCustodyStore),
+    )
     .await
     .unwrap();
 
@@ -69,7 +81,11 @@ async fn create_new_before_bootstrap_fails() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn decrypt_before_bootstrap_fails() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = Vault::new(db, GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor = Vault::new(
+        db,
+        GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus(),
+        Arc::new(DieselCustodyStore),
+    )
     .await
     .unwrap();
 
@@ -84,7 +100,11 @@ async fn new_restores_sealed_state() {
     let actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
     drop(actor);
 
-    let mut actor2 = Vault::new(db, GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor2 = Vault::new(
+        db,
+        GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus(),
+        Arc::new(DieselCustodyStore),
+    )
     .await
     .unwrap();
     let err = actor2.decrypt(1, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap_err();
@@ -104,10 +124,14 @@ async fn unseal_correct_password() {
         .unwrap();
     drop(actor);
 
-    let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor = Vault::new(
+        db.clone(),
+        GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus(),
+        Arc::new(DieselCustodyStore),
+    )
     .await
     .unwrap();
-    let seal_key = SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec());
+    let seal_key = KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]);
     actor.try_unseal(seal_key).await.unwrap();
 
     let mut decrypted = actor.decrypt(aead_id, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap();
@@ -127,15 +151,19 @@ async fn unseal_wrong_then_correct_password() {
         .unwrap();
     drop(actor);
 
-    let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor = Vault::new(
+        db.clone(),
+        GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus(),
+        Arc::new(DieselCustodyStore),
+    )
     .await
     .unwrap();
 
-    let bad_key = SafeCell::new(b"wrong-password".to_vec());
+    let bad_key = KeyCell::from([1u8; 32]);
     let err = actor.try_unseal(bad_key).await.unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::InvalidKey));
 
-    let good_key = SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec());
+    let good_key = KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]);
     actor.try_unseal(good_key).await.unwrap();
 
     let mut decrypted = actor.decrypt(aead_id, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap();