test(server): governance integration tests

Adds DeclareCommittee and ContributePassphrase variants to bootstrap.proto,
ContributePassphrase to unseal.proto, and AwaitingContributions result codes
to both. Implements corresponding inbound converters and outbound reply
mappings. VaultGate handlers delegate to VaultCoordinator.

.gitignore

@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ scripts/__pycache__/
 .DS_Store
 .cargo/config.toml
 .vscode/
-docs/
+docs/superpowers

AGENTS.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This file provides guidance to Codex (Codex.ai/code) when working with code in t
 
 Arbiter is a **permissioned signing service** for cryptocurrency wallets. It consists of:
 - **`server/`** — Rust gRPC daemon that holds encrypted keys and enforces policies
-- **`useragent/`** — Flutter desktop app (macOS/Windows) with a Rust backend via Rinf
+- **`operator/`** — Flutter desktop app (macOS/Windows) with a Rust backend via Rinf
 - **`protobufs/`** — Protocol Buffer definitions shared between server and client
 
 The vault never exposes key material; it only produces signatures when requests satisfy configured policies.
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Key versions: Rust 1.93.0 (with clippy), Flutter 3.38.9-stable, protoc 29.6, die
 |---|---|
 | `arbiter-proto` | Generated gRPC stubs + protobuf types; compiled from `protobufs/*.proto` via `tonic-prost-build` |
 | `arbiter-server` | Main daemon — actors, DB, EVM policy engine, gRPC service implementation |
-| `arbiter-useragent` | Rust client library for the user agent side of the gRPC protocol |
+| `arbiter-operator` | Rust client library for the operator side of the gRPC protocol |
 | `arbiter-client` | Rust client library for SDK clients |
 
 ### Common Commands
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@ The server is actor-based using the **kameo** crate. All long-lived state lives
 
 - **`Bootstrapper`** — Manages the one-time bootstrap token written to `~/.arbiter/bootstrap_token` on first run.
 - **`Vault`** — Holds the encrypted root key and manages the Sealed/Unsealed vault state machine. On unseal, decrypts the root key into a `memsafe` hardened memory cell.
-- **`FlowCoordinator`** — Coordinates cross-connection flow between user agents and SDK clients.
+- **`FlowCoordinator`** — Coordinates cross-connection flow between operators and SDK clients.
 - **`EvmActor`** — Handles EVM transaction policy enforcement and signing.
 
-Per-connection actors live under `actors/user_agent/` and `actors/client/`, each with `auth` (challenge-response authentication) and `session` (post-auth operations) sub-modules.
+Per-connection actors live under `actors/operator/` and `actors/client/`, each with `auth` (challenge-response authentication) and `session` (post-auth operations) sub-modules.
 
 **Database:** SQLite via `diesel-async` + `bb8` connection pool. Schema managed by embedded Diesel migrations in `crates/arbiter-server/migrations/`. DB file lives at `~/.arbiter/arbiter.sqlite`. Tests use a temp-file DB via `db::create_test_pool()`.
 
@@ -100,20 +100,41 @@ diesel migration generate <name> --migration-dir crates/arbiter-server/migration
 diesel migration run --migration-dir crates/arbiter-server/migrations
 ```
 
-## User Agent (Flutter + Rinf at `useragent/`)
+### Code Conventions
 
-The Flutter app uses [Rinf](https://rinf.cunarist.org) to call Rust code. The Rust logic lives in `useragent/native/hub/` as a separate crate that uses `arbiter-useragent` for the gRPC client.
+**`#[must_use]` Attribute:**
+Apply the `#[must_use]` attribute to return types of functions where the return value is critical and should not be accidentally ignored. This is commonly used for:
 
-Communication between Dart and Rust uses typed **signals** defined in `useragent/native/hub/src/signals/`. After modifying signal structs, regenerate Dart bindings:
+- Methods that return `bool` indicating success/failure or validation state
+- Any function where ignoring the return value indicates a logic error
+
+Do not apply `#[must_use]` redundantly to items (types or functions) that are already annotated with `#[must_use]`.
+
+Example:
+
+```rust
+#[must_use]
+pub fn verify(&self, nonce: i32, context: &[u8], signature: &Signature) -> bool {
+    // verification logic
+}
+```
+
+This forces callers to either use the return value or explicitly ignore it with `let _ = ...;`, preventing silent failures.
+
+## Operator (Flutter + Rinf at `operator/`)
+
+The Flutter app uses [Rinf](https://rinf.cunarist.org) to call Rust code. The Rust logic lives in `operator/native/hub/` as a separate crate that uses `arbiter-operator` for the gRPC client.
+
+Communication between Dart and Rust uses typed **signals** defined in `operator/native/hub/src/signals/`. After modifying signal structs, regenerate Dart bindings:
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && rinf gen
+cd operator && rinf gen
 ```
 
 ### Common Commands
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent
+cd operator
 
 # Run the app (macOS or Windows)
 flutter run
@@ -125,4 +146,4 @@ rinf gen
 flutter analyze
 ```
 
-The Rinf Rust entry point is `useragent/native/hub/src/lib.rs`. It spawns actors defined in `useragent/native/hub/src/actors/` which handle Dart↔server communication via signals.
+The Rinf Rust entry point is `operator/native/hub/src/lib.rs`. It spawns actors defined in `operator/native/hub/src/actors/` which handle Dart↔server communication via signals.

CLAUDE.md

@@ -1,128 +1 @@
-# CLAUDE.md
-
-This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.
-
-## Project Overview
-
-Arbiter is a **permissioned signing service** for cryptocurrency wallets. It consists of:
-- **`server/`** — Rust gRPC daemon that holds encrypted keys and enforces policies
-- **`useragent/`** — Flutter desktop app (macOS/Windows) with a Rust backend via Rinf
-- **`protobufs/`** — Protocol Buffer definitions shared between server and client
-
-The vault never exposes key material; it only produces signatures when requests satisfy configured policies.
-
-## Toolchain Setup
-
-Tools are managed via [mise](https://mise.jdx.dev/). Install all required tools:
-```sh
-mise install
-```
-
-Key versions: Rust 1.93.0 (with clippy), Flutter 3.38.9-stable, protoc 29.6, diesel_cli 2.3.6 (sqlite).
-
-## Server (Rust workspace at `server/`)
-
-### Crates
-
-| Crate | Purpose |
-|---|---|
-| `arbiter-proto` | Generated gRPC stubs + protobuf types; compiled from `protobufs/*.proto` via `tonic-prost-build` |
-| `arbiter-server` | Main daemon — actors, DB, EVM policy engine, gRPC service implementation |
-| `arbiter-useragent` | Rust client library for the user agent side of the gRPC protocol |
-| `arbiter-client` | Rust client library for SDK clients |
-
-### Common Commands
-
-```sh
-cd server
-
-# Build
-cargo build
-
-# Run the server daemon
-cargo run -p arbiter-server
-
-# Run all tests (preferred over cargo test)
-cargo nextest run
-
-# Run a single test
-cargo nextest run <test_name>
-
-# Lint
-cargo clippy
-
-# Security audit
-cargo audit
-
-# Check unused dependencies
-cargo shear
-
-# Run snapshot tests and update snapshots
-cargo insta review
-```
-
-### Architecture
-
-The server is actor-based using the **kameo** crate. All long-lived state lives in `GlobalActors`:
-
-- **`Bootstrapper`** — Manages the one-time bootstrap token written to `~/.arbiter/bootstrap_token` on first run.
-- **`Vault`** — Holds the encrypted root key and manages the Sealed/Unsealed vault state machine. On unseal, decrypts the root key into a `memsafe` hardened memory cell.
-- **`FlowCoordinator`** — Coordinates cross-connection flow between user agents and SDK clients.
-- **`EvmActor`** — Handles EVM transaction policy enforcement and signing.
-
-Per-connection actors live under `actors/user_agent/` and `actors/client/`, each with `auth` (challenge-response authentication) and `session` (post-auth operations) sub-modules.
-
-**Database:** SQLite via `diesel-async` + `bb8` connection pool. Schema managed by embedded Diesel migrations in `crates/arbiter-server/migrations/`. DB file lives at `~/.arbiter/arbiter.sqlite`. Tests use a temp-file DB via `db::create_test_pool()`.
-
-**Cryptography:**
-- Authentication: ed25519 (challenge-response, nonce-tracked per peer)
-- Encryption at rest: XChaCha20-Poly1305 (versioned via `scheme` field for transparent migration on unseal)
-- Password KDF: Argon2
-- Unseal transport: X25519 ephemeral key exchange
-- TLS: self-signed certificate (aws-lc-rs backend), fingerprint distributed via `ArbiterUrl`
-
-**Protocol:** gRPC with Protocol Buffers. The `ArbiterUrl` type encodes host, port, CA cert, and bootstrap token into a single shareable string (printed to console on first run).
-
-### Proto Regeneration
-
-When `.proto` files in `protobufs/` change, rebuild to regenerate:
-```sh
-cd server && cargo build -p arbiter-proto
-```
-
-### Database Migrations
-
-```sh
-# Create a new migration
-diesel migration generate <name> --migration-dir crates/arbiter-server/migrations
-
-# Run migrations manually (server also runs them on startup)
-diesel migration run --migration-dir crates/arbiter-server/migrations
-```
-
-## User Agent (Flutter + Rinf at `useragent/`)
-
-The Flutter app uses [Rinf](https://rinf.cunarist.org) to call Rust code. The Rust logic lives in `useragent/native/hub/` as a separate crate that uses `arbiter-useragent` for the gRPC client.
-
-Communication between Dart and Rust uses typed **signals** defined in `useragent/native/hub/src/signals/`. After modifying signal structs, regenerate Dart bindings:
-
-```sh
-cd useragent && rinf gen
-```
-
-### Common Commands
-
-```sh
-cd useragent
-
-# Run the app (macOS or Windows)
-flutter run
-
-# Regenerate Rust↔Dart signal bindings
-rinf gen
-
-# Analyze Dart code
-flutter analyze
-```
-
-The Rinf Rust entry point is `useragent/native/hub/src/lib.rs`. It spawns actors defined in `useragent/native/hub/src/actors/` which handle Dart↔server communication via signals.
+Refer to @AGENTS.md for instructions.

README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 ## Security warning
 Arbiter can't meaningfully protect against host compromise. Potential attack flow:
 - Attacker steals TLS keys from database
-- Pretends to be server; just accepts user agent challenge solutions
+- Pretends to be server; just accepts operator challenge solutions
 - Pretend to be in sealed state and performing DH with client
 - Steals user password and derives seal key
 

docs/ARCHITECTURE.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Arbiter is a permissioned signing service for cryptocurrency wallets. It runs as
 
 Arbiter distinguishes two kinds of peers:
 
-- **User Agent** — A client application used by the owner to manage the vault (create wallets, approve SDK clients, configure policies).
+- **Operator** — A client application used by the owner to manage the vault (create wallets, approve SDK clients, configure policies).
 - **SDK Client** — A consumer of signing capabilities, typically an automation tool. In the future, this could include a browser-based wallet.
 - **Recovery Operator** — A dormant recovery participant with narrowly scoped authority used only for custody recovery and operator replacement.
 
@@ -22,30 +22,32 @@ Arbiter distinguishes two kinds of peers:
 All peers authenticate via public-key cryptography using a challenge-response protocol:
 
 1. The peer sends its public key and requests a challenge.
-2. The server looks up the key in its database. If found, it increments the nonce and returns a challenge (replay-attack protection).
-3. The peer signs the challenge with its private key and sends the signature back.
+2. The server looks up the key in its database. If found, it generates a fresh challenge from random bytes plus the current timestamp.
+3. The peer signs the canonical challenge payload with its private key and sends the signature back.
 4. The server verifies the signature:
    - **Pass:** The connection is considered authenticated.
    - **Fail:** The server closes the connection.
 
-### 2.2 User Agent Bootstrap
+Authentication challenges are per-connection, ephemeral values. They are not persisted in the peer tables, and peer records store no challenge state.
 
-On first run — when no User Agents are registered — the server generates a one-time bootstrap token. It is made available in two ways:
+### 2.2 Operator Bootstrap
 
-- **Local setup:** Written to `~/.arbiter/bootstrap_token` for automatic discovery by a co-located User Agent.
+On first run — when no Operators are registered — the server generates a one-time bootstrap token. It is made available in two ways:
+
+- **Local setup:** Written to `~/.arbiter/bootstrap_token` for automatic discovery by a co-located Operator.
 - **Remote setup:** Printed to the server's console output.
 
-The first User Agent must present this token alongside the standard challenge-response to complete registration.
+The first Operator must present this token alongside the standard challenge-response to complete registration.
 
 ### 2.3 SDK Client Registration
 
-There is no bootstrap mechanism for SDK clients. They must be explicitly approved by an already-registered User Agent.
+There is no bootstrap mechanism for SDK clients. They must be explicitly approved by an already-registered Operator.
 
 ---
 
 ## 3. Multi-Operator Governance
 
-When more than one User Agent is registered, the vault is treated as having multiple operators. In that mode, sensitive actions are governed by voting rather than by a single operator decision.
+When more than one Operator is registered, the vault is treated as having multiple operators. In that mode, sensitive actions are governed by voting rather than by a single operator decision.
 
 ### 3.1 Voting Rules
 
@@ -163,13 +165,13 @@ In both cases, committee formation is a coordinated process. Arbiter does not al
 
 When an unbootstrapped vault is initialized as a multi-operator vault, the setup proceeds as follows:
 
-1. An operator connects to the unbootstrapped vault using a User Agent and the bootstrap token.
+1. An operator connects to the unbootstrapped vault using an Operator and the bootstrap token.
 2. During bootstrap setup, that operator declares:
    - the total number of ordinary operators
    - the total number of Recovery Operators
 3. The vault enters **multi-bootstrap mode**.
 4. While in multi-bootstrap mode:
-   - every ordinary operator must connect with a User Agent using the bootstrap token
+   - every ordinary operator must connect with an Operator using the bootstrap token
    - every Recovery Operator must also connect using the bootstrap token
    - each participant is registered individually
    - each participant's share is created and protected with that participant's credentials
@@ -191,8 +193,8 @@ The server proves its identity using TLS with a self-signed certificate. The TLS
 
 Peers verify the server by its **public key fingerprint**:
 
-- **User Agent (local):** Receives the fingerprint automatically through the bootstrap token.
-- **User Agent (remote) / SDK Client:** Must receive the fingerprint out-of-band.
+- **Operator (local):** Receives the fingerprint automatically through the bootstrap token.
+- **Operator (remote) / SDK Client:** Must receive the fingerprint out-of-band.
 
 > A streamlined setup mechanism using a single connection string is planned but not yet implemented.
 
@@ -229,11 +231,11 @@ On boot, the root key is encrypted and the server cannot perform any signing ope
 
 ### 6.2 Unseal Flow
 
-To transition to the **Unsealed** state, a User Agent must provide the password:
+To transition to the **Unsealed** state, an Operator must provide the password:
 
-1. The User Agent initiates an unseal request.
+1. The Operator initiates an unseal request.
 2. The server generates a one-time key pair and returns the public key.
-3. The User Agent encrypts the user's password with this one-time public key and sends the ciphertext to the server.
+3. The Operator encrypts the user's password with this one-time public key and sends the ciphertext to the server.
 4. The server decrypts and verifies the password:
    - **Success:** The root key is decrypted and placed into a hardened memory cell. The server transitions to `Unsealed`. Any entries pending encryption scheme migration are re-encrypted.
    - **Failure:** The server returns an error indicating the password is incorrect.
@@ -255,7 +257,7 @@ See [IMPLEMENTATION.md](IMPLEMENTATION.md) for the current and planned memory pr
 ### 7.1 Fundamental Rules
 
 - SDK clients have **no access by default**.
-- Access is granted **explicitly** by a User Agent.
+- Access is granted **explicitly** by an Operator.
 - Grants are scoped to **specific wallets** and governed by **policies**.
 
 Each blockchain requires its own policy system due to differences in static transaction analysis. Currently, only EVM is supported; Solana support is planned.
@@ -275,19 +277,19 @@ sequenceDiagram
     autonumber
     actor SDK as SDK Client
     participant Server
-    participant UA as User Agent
+    participant operator as Operator
 
     SDK->>Server: SignTransactionRequest
     Server->>Server: Resolve wallet and wallet visibility
     alt Visibility approval required
-        Server->>UA: Ask for wallet visibility approval
-        UA-->>Server: Vote result
+        Server->>operator: Ask for wallet visibility approval
+        operator-->>Server: Vote result
     end
     Server->>Server: Evaluate transaction
     Server->>Server: Load grant and limits context
     alt Grant approval required
-        Server->>UA: Ask for execution / grant approval
-        UA-->>Server: Vote result
+        Server->>operator: Ask for execution / grant approval
+        operator-->>Server: Vote result
         opt Create persistent grant
             Server->>Server: Create and store grant
         end

docs/IMPLEMENTATION.md

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ This document covers concrete technology choices and dependencies. For the archi
 
 ### Authentication Result Semantics
 
-Authentication no longer uses an implicit success-only response shape. Both `client` and `user-agent` return explicit auth status enums over the wire.
+Authentication no longer uses an implicit success-only response shape. Both `client` and `operator` return explicit auth status enums over the wire.
 
-- **Client:** `AuthResult` may return `SUCCESS`, `INVALID_KEY`, `INVALID_SIGNATURE`, `APPROVAL_DENIED`, `NO_USER_AGENTS_ONLINE`, or `INTERNAL`
-- **User-agent:** `AuthResult` may return `SUCCESS`, `INVALID_KEY`, `INVALID_SIGNATURE`, `BOOTSTRAP_REQUIRED`, `TOKEN_INVALID`, or `INTERNAL`
+- **Client:** `AuthResult` may return `SUCCESS`, `INVALID_KEY`, `INVALID_SIGNATURE`, `APPROVAL_DENIED`, `NO_OPERATORS_ONLINE`, or `INTERNAL`
+- **Operator:** `AuthResult` may return `SUCCESS`, `INVALID_KEY`, `INVALID_SIGNATURE`, `BOOTSTRAP_REQUIRED`, `TOKEN_INVALID`, or `INTERNAL`
 
 This makes transport-level failures and actor/domain-level auth failures distinct:
 
@@ -22,45 +22,36 @@ Clients are expected to handle these status codes directly and present the concr
 
 ### New Client Approval
 
-When a client whose public key is not yet in the database connects, all connected user agents are asked to approve the connection. The first agent to respond determines the outcome; remaining requests are cancelled via a watch channel.
+When a client whose public key is not yet in the database connects, all connected operators are asked to approve the connection. The first operator to respond determines the outcome; remaining requests are cancelled via a watch channel.
 
 ```mermaid
 flowchart TD
     A([Client connects]) --> B[Receive AuthChallengeRequest]
     B --> C{pubkey in DB?}
 
-    C -- yes --> D[Read nonce\nIncrement nonce in DB]
-    D --> G
+    C -- yes --> G[Generate AuthChallenge]
 
-    C -- no --> E[Ask all UserAgents:\nClientConnectionRequest]
+    C -- no --> E[Ask all Operators:\nClientConnectionRequest]
     E --> F{First response}
     F -- denied --> Z([Reject connection])
-    F -- approved --> F2[Cancel remaining\nUserAgent requests]
-    F2 --> F3[INSERT client\nnonce = 1]
-    F3 --> G[Send AuthChallenge\nwith nonce]
+    F -- approved --> F2[Cancel remaining\nOperator requests]
+    F2 --> F3[INSERT client]
+    F3 --> G
 
-    G --> H[Receive AuthChallengeSolution]
-    H --> I{Signature valid?}
-    I -- no --> Z
-    I -- yes --> J([Session started])
+    G --> H[Send AuthChallenge\ntimestamp + random bytes]
+    H --> I[Receive AuthChallengeSolution]
+    I --> K{Signature valid?}
+    K -- no --> Z
+    K -- yes --> J([Session started])
 ```
 
-### Known Issue: Concurrent Registration Race (TOCTOU)
+Auth challenges are generated from fresh random bytes plus a nanosecond timestamp. The server keeps the issued challenge only in the in-flight authentication state for that connection, then verifies the signature against the same canonical challenge payload.
 
-Two connections presenting the same previously-unknown public key can race through the approval flow simultaneously:
+The authentication schema stores peer identity, not replay counters:
 
-1. Both check the DB → neither is registered.
-2. Both request approval from user agents → both receive approval.
-3. Both `INSERT` the client record → the second insert silently overwrites the first, resetting the nonce.
-
-This means the first connection's nonce is invalidated by the second, causing its challenge verification to fail. A fix requires either serialising new-client registration (e.g. an in-memory lock keyed on pubkey) or replacing the separate check + insert with an `INSERT OR IGNORE` / upsert guarded by a unique constraint on `public_key`.
-
-### Nonce Semantics
-
-The `program_client.nonce` column stores the **next usable nonce** — i.e. it is always one ahead of the nonce last issued in a challenge.
-
-- **New client:** inserted with `nonce = 1`; the first challenge is issued with `nonce = 0`.
-- **Existing client:** the current DB value is read and used as the challenge nonce, then immediately incremented within the same exclusive transaction, preventing replay.
+- `program_client` stores the SDK client's public key, metadata binding, and timestamps.
+- `operator_client` stores the Operator public key and timestamps.
+- Neither table stores an authentication nonce, and challenge generation does not update either table.
 
 ---
 
@@ -71,7 +62,7 @@ The `program_client.nonce` column stores the **next usable nonce** — i.e. it i
 
 ### User-Agent Authentication
 
-User-agent authentication supports multiple signature schemes because platform-provided "hardware-bound" keys do not expose a uniform algorithm across operating systems and hardware.
+Operator authentication supports multiple signature schemes because platform-provided "hardware-bound" keys do not expose a uniform algorithm across operating systems and hardware.
 
 - **Supported schemes:** ML-DSA
 - **Why:** Secure Enclave (MacOS) support them natively, on other platforms we could emulate while they roll-out
@@ -95,7 +86,7 @@ User-agent authentication supports multiple signature schemes because platform-p
 
 ### Request Multiplexing
 
-Both `client` and `user-agent` connections support multiple in-flight requests over one gRPC bidi stream.
+Both `client` and `operator` connections support multiple in-flight requests over one gRPC bidi stream.
 
 - Every request carries a monotonically increasing request ID
 - Every normal response echoes the request ID it corresponds to
@@ -150,7 +141,7 @@ flowchart TD
     L -- Yes --> M[Check grant limits]
     L -- No --> N[Start execution or grant voting flow]
 
-    N --> O{User-agent decision}
+    N --> O{Operator decision}
     O -- Reject --> Z4[Return no matching grant error]
     O -- Allow once --> M
     O -- Create grant --> P[Create grant with user-selected limits]

docs/superpowers/plans/2026-03-28-grant-creation-refactor.md

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ String shortAddress(List<int> bytes) {
 - [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && dart analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/utils.dart
+cd operator && dart analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/utils.dart
 ```
 
 Expected: no errors.
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ class GrantCreation extends _$GrantCreation {
 - [ ] **Step 2: Run code generator**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
+cd operator && dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
 ```
 
 Expected: generates `provider.freezed.dart` and `provider.g.dart`, no errors.
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Expected: generates `provider.freezed.dart` and `provider.g.dart`, no errors.
 - [ ] **Step 3: Verify**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && dart analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/provider.dart
+cd operator && dart analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/provider.dart
 ```
 
 Expected: no errors.
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ jj describe -m "feat(grants): add GrantCreation provider (client selection + gra
 
 ```dart
 // lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/fields/client_picker_field.dart
-import 'package:arbiter/proto/user_agent.pb.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/proto/operator.pb.dart';
 import 'package:arbiter/providers/sdk_clients/list.dart';
 import 'package:arbiter/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/provider.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class ClientPickerField extends ConsumerWidget {
 ```dart
 // lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/fields/wallet_access_picker_field.dart
 import 'package:arbiter/proto/evm.pb.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/proto/user_agent.pb.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/proto/operator.pb.dart';
 import 'package:arbiter/providers/evm/evm.dart';
 import 'package:arbiter/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart';
 import 'package:arbiter/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/provider.dart';
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ class TransactionRateLimitField extends StatelessWidget {
 - [ ] **Step 8: Verify all field widgets**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && dart analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/fields/
+cd operator && dart analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/fields/
 ```
 
 Expected: no errors.
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ class SharedGrantFields extends StatelessWidget {
 - [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && dart analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/shared_grant_fields.dart
+cd operator && dart analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/shared_grant_fields.dart
 ```
 
 Expected: no errors.
@@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ class _TokenVolumeLimitRow extends HookWidget {
 - [ ] **Step 4: Run code generator for token_transfer_grant.g.dart**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
+cd operator && dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
 ```
 
 Expected: generates `token_transfer_grant.g.dart`, no errors.
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ Expected: generates `token_transfer_grant.g.dart`, no errors.
 - [ ] **Step 5: Verify**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && dart analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/grants/
+cd operator && dart analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/grants/
 ```
 
 Expected: no errors.
@@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ String _formatError(Object error) {
 - [ ] **Step 2: Verify the full create/ directory**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && dart analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/
+cd operator && dart analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/create/
 ```
 
 Expected: no errors.

docs/superpowers/plans/2026-03-28-grant-grid-view.md

@@ -14,24 +14,24 @@
 
 | File | Action | Responsibility |
 |---|---|---|
-| `useragent/lib/theme/palette.dart` | Modify | Add `Palette.token` (indigo accent for token-transfer cards) |
-| `useragent/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart` | Modify | Add `listAllWalletAccesses()` function |
-| `useragent/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart` | Create | `WalletAccessListProvider` — fetches full wallet access list with IDs |
-| `useragent/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart` | Create | `GrantCard` widget — watches enrichment providers + revoke mutation; one card per grant |
-| `useragent/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart` | Create | `EvmGrantsScreen` — watches `evmGrantsProvider`; handles loading/error/empty/data states; renders `GrantCard` list |
-| `useragent/lib/router.dart` | Modify | Register `EvmGrantsRoute` in dashboard children |
-| `useragent/lib/screens/dashboard.dart` | Modify | Add Grants entry to `routes` list and `NavigationDestination` list |
+| `operator/lib/theme/palette.dart` | Modify | Add `Palette.token` (indigo accent for token-transfer cards) |
+| `operator/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart` | Modify | Add `listAllWalletAccesses()` function |
+| `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart` | Create | `WalletAccessListProvider` — fetches full wallet access list with IDs |
+| `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart` | Create | `GrantCard` widget — watches enrichment providers + revoke mutation; one card per grant |
+| `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart` | Create | `EvmGrantsScreen` — watches `evmGrantsProvider`; handles loading/error/empty/data states; renders `GrantCard` list |
+| `operator/lib/router.dart` | Modify | Register `EvmGrantsRoute` in dashboard children |
+| `operator/lib/screens/dashboard.dart` | Modify | Add Grants entry to `routes` list and `NavigationDestination` list |
 
 ---
 
 ## Task 1: Add `Palette.token`
 
 **Files:**
-- Modify: `useragent/lib/theme/palette.dart`
+- Modify: `operator/lib/theme/palette.dart`
 
 - [ ] **Step 1: Add the color**
 
-Replace the contents of `useragent/lib/theme/palette.dart` with:
+Replace the contents of `operator/lib/theme/palette.dart` with:
 
 ```dart
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class Palette {
 - [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && flutter analyze lib/theme/palette.dart
+cd operator && flutter analyze lib/theme/palette.dart
 ```
 
 Expected: no issues.
@@ -65,20 +65,20 @@ jj new
 ## Task 2: Add `listAllWalletAccesses` feature function
 
 **Files:**
-- Modify: `useragent/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart`
+- Modify: `operator/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart`
 
 `readClientWalletAccess` (existing) filters the list to one client's wallet IDs and returns `Set<int>`. This new function returns the complete unfiltered list with row IDs so the grant cards can resolve wallet_access_id → wallet + client.
 
 - [ ] **Step 1: Append function**
 
-Add at the bottom of `useragent/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart`:
+Add at the bottom of `operator/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart`:
 
 ```dart
 Future<List<SdkClientWalletAccess>> listAllWalletAccesses(
   Connection connection,
 ) async {
   final response = await connection.ask(
-    UserAgentRequest(listWalletAccess: Empty()),
+    OperatorRequest(listWalletAccess: Empty()),
   );
   if (!response.hasListWalletAccessResponse()) {
     throw Exception(
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Each returned `SdkClientWalletAccess` has:
 - [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && flutter analyze lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart
+cd operator && flutter analyze lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart
 ```
 
 Expected: no issues.
@@ -114,18 +114,18 @@ jj new
 ## Task 3: Create `WalletAccessListProvider`
 
 **Files:**
-- Create: `useragent/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart`
-- Generated: `useragent/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.g.dart`
+- Create: `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart`
+- Generated: `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.g.dart`
 
 Mirrors the structure of `EvmGrants` in `providers/evm/evm_grants.dart` — class-based `@riverpod` with a `refresh()` method.
 
 - [ ] **Step 1: Write the provider**
 
-Create `useragent/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart`:
+Create `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart`:
 
 ```dart
 import 'package:arbiter/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/proto/user_agent.pb.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/proto/operator.pb.dart';
 import 'package:arbiter/providers/connection/connection_manager.dart';
 import 'package:mtcore/markettakers.dart';
 import 'package:riverpod_annotation/riverpod_annotation.dart';
@@ -165,15 +165,15 @@ class WalletAccessList extends _$WalletAccessList {
 - [ ] **Step 2: Run code generation**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
+cd operator && dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
 ```
 
-Expected: `useragent/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.g.dart` created. No errors.
+Expected: `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.g.dart` created. No errors.
 
 - [ ] **Step 3: Verify**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && flutter analyze lib/providers/sdk_clients/
+cd operator && flutter analyze lib/providers/sdk_clients/
 ```
 
 Expected: no issues.
@@ -190,26 +190,26 @@ jj new
 ## Task 4: Create `GrantCard` widget
 
 **Files:**
-- Create: `useragent/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart`
+- Create: `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart`
 
 This widget owns all per-card logic: enrichment lookups, revoke action, and rebuild scope. The screen only passes it a `GrantEntry` — the card fetches everything else itself.
 
 **Key types:**
 - `GrantEntry` (from `proto/evm.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.shared.walletAccessId`, `.shared.chainId`, `.specific.whichGrant()`
 - `SpecificGrant_Grant.etherTransfer` / `.tokenTransfer` — enum values for the oneof
-- `SdkClientWalletAccess` (from `proto/user_agent.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.access.walletId`, `.access.sdkClientId`
+- `SdkClientWalletAccess` (from `proto/operator.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.access.walletId`, `.access.sdkClientId`
 - `WalletEntry` (from `proto/evm.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.address` (List<int>)
-- `SdkClientEntry` (from `proto/user_agent.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.info.name`
+- `SdkClientEntry` (from `proto/operator.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.info.name`
 - `revokeEvmGrantMutation` — `Mutation<void>` (global; all revoke buttons disable together while any revoke is in flight)
 - `executeRevokeEvmGrant(ref, grantId: int)` — `Future<void>`
 
 - [ ] **Step 1: Write the widget**
 
-Create `useragent/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart`:
+Create `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart`:
 
 ```dart
 import 'package:arbiter/proto/evm.pb.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/proto/user_agent.pb.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/proto/operator.pb.dart';
 import 'package:arbiter/providers/evm/evm.dart';
 import 'package:arbiter/providers/evm/evm_grants.dart';
 import 'package:arbiter/providers/sdk_clients/list.dart';
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ class GrantCard extends ConsumerWidget {
 - [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && flutter analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart
+cd operator && flutter analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart
 ```
 
 Expected: no issues.
@@ -455,13 +455,13 @@ jj new
 ## Task 5: Create `EvmGrantsScreen`
 
 **Files:**
-- Create: `useragent/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart`
+- Create: `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart`
 
 The screen watches only `evmGrantsProvider` for top-level state (loading / error / no connection / empty / data). When there is data it renders a list of `GrantCard` widgets — each card manages its own enrichment subscriptions.
 
 - [ ] **Step 1: Write the screen**
 
-Create `useragent/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart`:
+Create `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart`:
 
 ```dart
 import 'package:arbiter/proto/evm.pb.dart';
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ class EvmGrantsScreen extends ConsumerWidget {
 - [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && flutter analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/
+cd operator && flutter analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/
 ```
 
 Expected: no issues.
@@ -719,13 +719,13 @@ jj new
 ## Task 6: Wire router and dashboard tab
 
 **Files:**
-- Modify: `useragent/lib/router.dart`
-- Modify: `useragent/lib/screens/dashboard.dart`
-- Regenerated: `useragent/lib/router.gr.dart`
+- Modify: `operator/lib/router.dart`
+- Modify: `operator/lib/screens/dashboard.dart`
+- Regenerated: `operator/lib/router.gr.dart`
 
 - [ ] **Step 1: Add route to `router.dart`**
 
-Replace the contents of `useragent/lib/router.dart` with:
+Replace the contents of `operator/lib/router.dart` with:
 
 ```dart
 import 'package:auto_route/auto_route.dart';
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ class Router extends RootStackRouter {
 
 - [ ] **Step 2: Update `dashboard.dart`**
 
-In `useragent/lib/screens/dashboard.dart`, replace the `routes` constant:
+In `operator/lib/screens/dashboard.dart`, replace the `routes` constant:
 
 ```dart
 final routes = [
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ destinations: const [
 - [ ] **Step 3: Regenerate router**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
+cd operator && dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
 ```
 
 Expected: `lib/router.gr.dart` updated, `EvmGrantsRoute` now available, no errors.
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ Expected: `lib/router.gr.dart` updated, `EvmGrantsRoute` now available, no error
 - [ ] **Step 4: Full project verify**
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent && flutter analyze
+cd operator && flutter analyze
 ```
 
 Expected: no issues.

docs/superpowers/specs/2026-03-28-grant-grid-view-design.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 ## Overview
 
-Add a "Grants" dashboard tab to the Flutter user-agent app that displays all EVM grants as a card-based grid. Each card shows a compact summary (type, chain, wallet address, client name) with a revoke action. The tab integrates into the existing `AdaptiveScaffold` navigation alongside Wallets, Clients, and About.
+Add a "Grants" dashboard tab to the Flutter operator app that displays all EVM grants as a card-based grid. Each card shows a compact summary (type, chain, wallet address, client name) with a revoke action. The tab integrates into the existing `AdaptiveScaffold` navigation alongside Wallets, Clients, and About.
 
 ## Scope
 
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Add a "Grants" dashboard tab to the Flutter user-agent app that displays all EVM
 
 ### `walletAccessListProvider`
 
-**File:** `useragent/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart`
+**File:** `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart`
 
 - `@riverpod` class, watches `connectionManagerProvider.future`
 - Returns `List<SdkClientWalletAccess>?` (null when not connected)
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ NavigationDestination(
 
 ## Screen: `EvmGrantsScreen`
 
-**File:** `useragent/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart`
+**File:** `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart`
 
 ```
 Scaffold

mise.lock

@@ -1,51 +1,51 @@
 # @generated - this file is auto-generated by `mise lock` https://mise.jdx.dev/dev-tools/mise-lock.html
 
 [[tools.ast-grep]]
-version = "0.42.0"
+version = "0.42.1"
 backend = "aqua:ast-grep/ast-grep"
 
 [tools.ast-grep."platforms.linux-arm64"]
-checksum = "sha256:5c830eae8456569e2f7212434ed9c238f58dca412d76045418ed6d394a755836"
-url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.0/app-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.zip"
+checksum = "sha256:3ba383839044cf9817929435f5ce0027f91d06931e8efb32d942e58d73d92be5"
+url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.1/app-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.zip"
 
 [tools.ast-grep."platforms.linux-arm64-musl"]
-checksum = "sha256:5c830eae8456569e2f7212434ed9c238f58dca412d76045418ed6d394a755836"
-url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.0/app-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.zip"
+checksum = "sha256:3ba383839044cf9817929435f5ce0027f91d06931e8efb32d942e58d73d92be5"
+url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.1/app-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.zip"
 
 [tools.ast-grep."platforms.linux-x64"]
-checksum = "sha256:e825a05603f0bcc4cd9076c4cc8c9abd6d008b7cd07d9aa3cc323ba4b8606651"
-url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.0/app-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.zip"
+checksum = "sha256:5de8b87cba67fc8dc3e239d54b6484802ad745a7ae3de76be4fe89661dc52657"
+url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.1/app-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.zip"
 
 [tools.ast-grep."platforms.linux-x64-musl"]
-checksum = "sha256:e825a05603f0bcc4cd9076c4cc8c9abd6d008b7cd07d9aa3cc323ba4b8606651"
-url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.0/app-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.zip"
+checksum = "sha256:5de8b87cba67fc8dc3e239d54b6484802ad745a7ae3de76be4fe89661dc52657"
+url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.1/app-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.zip"
 
 [tools.ast-grep."platforms.macos-arm64"]
-checksum = "sha256:fc300d5293b1c770a5aece03a8a193b92e71e87cec726c28096990691a582620"
-url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.0/app-aarch64-apple-darwin.zip"
+checksum = "sha256:c3961d8e8a4ee0ce2d0d98c7beeb168bb331cdc766b53630118a7b6c4fd39015"
+url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.1/app-aarch64-apple-darwin.zip"
 
 [tools.ast-grep."platforms.macos-x64"]
-checksum = "sha256:979ffe611327056f4730a1ae71b0209b3b830f58b22c6ed194cda34f55400db2"
-url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.0/app-x86_64-apple-darwin.zip"
+checksum = "sha256:a038965bfd7fe44257c771cdf8918dc3467dd8ec0eef673b8b14f639b144cdbd"
+url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.1/app-x86_64-apple-darwin.zip"
 
 [tools.ast-grep."platforms.windows-x64"]
-checksum = "sha256:55836fa1b2c65dc7d61615a4d9368622a0d2371a76d28b9a165e5a3ab6ae32a4"
-url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.0/app-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.zip"
+checksum = "sha256:fe34f631bb24c08ad146f92ca2a92971a53d179461b509fd8d32dc863bff9f83"
+url = "https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep/releases/download/0.42.1/app-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.zip"
 
 [[tools."cargo:cargo-audit"]]
 version = "0.22.1"
 backend = "cargo:cargo-audit"
 
 [[tools."cargo:cargo-edit"]]
-version = "0.13.9"
+version = "0.13.10"
 backend = "cargo:cargo-edit"
 
 [[tools."cargo:cargo-features-manager"]]
-version = "0.11.1"
+version = "0.12.0"
 backend = "cargo:cargo-features-manager"
 
 [[tools."cargo:cargo-insta"]]
-version = "1.46.3"
+version = "1.47.2"
 backend = "cargo:cargo-insta"
 
 [[tools."cargo:cargo-mutants"]]
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ version = "27.0.0"
 backend = "cargo:cargo-mutants"
 
 [[tools."cargo:cargo-nextest"]]
-version = "0.9.126"
+version = "0.9.133"
 backend = "cargo:cargo-nextest"
 
 [[tools."cargo:cargo-shear"]]
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ version = "0.10.2"
 backend = "cargo:cargo-vet"
 
 [[tools."cargo:diesel_cli"]]
-version = "2.3.6"
+version = "2.3.7"
 backend = "cargo:diesel_cli"
 
 [tools."cargo:diesel_cli".options]
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ version = "2.12.0"
 backend = "cargo:flutter_rust_bridge_codegen"
 
 [[tools.flutter]]
-version = "3.38.9-stable"
+version = "3.41.7-stable"
 backend = "asdf:flutter"
 
 [[tools.protoc]]
@@ -113,44 +113,44 @@ checksum = "sha256:1ebd7c87baffb9f1c47169b640872bf5fb1e4408079c691af527be9561d8f
 url = "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v29.6/protoc-29.6-win64.zip"
 
 [[tools.python]]
-version = "3.14.3"
+version = "3.14.4"
 backend = "core:python"
 
 [tools.python."platforms.linux-arm64"]
-checksum = "sha256:53700338695e402a1a1fe22be4a41fbdacc70e22bb308a48eca8ed67cb7992be"
-url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260324/cpython-3.14.3+20260324-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
+checksum = "sha256:b8b597fdb2f8dccdc502c11947b60a4b65eb6bce79cfa60c7ccf9b6e8352c60a"
+url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260414/cpython-3.14.4+20260414-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
 provenance = "github-attestations"
 
 [tools.python."platforms.linux-arm64-musl"]
-checksum = "sha256:53700338695e402a1a1fe22be4a41fbdacc70e22bb308a48eca8ed67cb7992be"
-url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260324/cpython-3.14.3+20260324-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
+checksum = "sha256:b8b597fdb2f8dccdc502c11947b60a4b65eb6bce79cfa60c7ccf9b6e8352c60a"
+url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260414/cpython-3.14.4+20260414-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
 provenance = "github-attestations"
 
 [tools.python."platforms.linux-x64"]
-checksum = "sha256:d7a9f970914bb4c88756fe3bdcc186d4feb90e9500e54f1db47dae4dc9687e39"
-url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260324/cpython-3.14.3+20260324-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
+checksum = "sha256:fe9a9c32d13870af632cbac3dfc7528ae53597e94472aa4c7d6a42e8166136cd"
+url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260414/cpython-3.14.4+20260414-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
 provenance = "github-attestations"
 
 [tools.python."platforms.linux-x64-musl"]
-checksum = "sha256:d7a9f970914bb4c88756fe3bdcc186d4feb90e9500e54f1db47dae4dc9687e39"
-url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260324/cpython-3.14.3+20260324-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
+checksum = "sha256:fe9a9c32d13870af632cbac3dfc7528ae53597e94472aa4c7d6a42e8166136cd"
+url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260414/cpython-3.14.4+20260414-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
 provenance = "github-attestations"
 
 [tools.python."platforms.macos-arm64"]
-checksum = "sha256:c43aecde4a663aebff99b9b83da0efec506479f1c3f98331442f33d2c43501f9"
-url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260324/cpython-3.14.3+20260324-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
+checksum = "blake3:0314ec66e0f33ec04959583b5900bc8edae371a396aa96b8874e750d1fe936e6"
+url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260414/cpython-3.14.4+20260414-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
 provenance = "github-attestations"
 
 [tools.python."platforms.macos-x64"]
-checksum = "sha256:9ab41dbc2f100a2a45d1833b9c11165f51051c558b5213eda9a9731d5948a0c0"
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+checksum = "sha256:d51250a32fa5d9f0799c7bcb71720c27b10a3afd4a7de288120f96085d508a5a"
+url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260414/cpython-3.14.4+20260414-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
 provenance = "github-attestations"
 
 [tools.python."platforms.windows-x64"]
-checksum = "sha256:bbe19034b35b0267176a7442575ae7dc6343480fd4d35598cb7700173d431e09"
-url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260324/cpython-3.14.3+20260324-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
+checksum = "sha256:a976991dcd085c1bb5d9a8084823a6bc8b7f9b079d8c432574a6ddd68c3a6fe1"
+url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260414/cpython-3.14.4+20260414-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only_stripped.tar.gz"
 provenance = "github-attestations"
 
 [[tools.rust]]
-version = "1.93.0"
+version = "1.95.0"
 backend = "core:rust"

mise.toml

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 [tools]
-"cargo:diesel_cli" = { version = "2.3.6", features = "sqlite,sqlite-bundled", default-features = false }
+"cargo:diesel_cli" = { version = "2.3.7", features = "sqlite,sqlite-bundled", default-features = "false" }
 "cargo:cargo-audit" = "0.22.1"
 "cargo:cargo-vet" = "0.10.2"
-flutter = "3.38.9-stable"
+flutter = "3.41.7-stable"
 protoc = "29.6"
-"rust" = {version = "1.93.0", components = "clippy"}
-"cargo:cargo-features-manager" = "0.11.1"
-"cargo:cargo-nextest" = "0.9.126"
+rust = { version = "1.95.0", components = "clippy,rust-analyzer" }
+"cargo:cargo-features-manager" = "0.12.0"
+"cargo:cargo-nextest" = "0.9.133"
 "cargo:cargo-shear" = "latest"
-"cargo:cargo-insta" = "1.46.3"
-python = "3.14.3"
-ast-grep = "0.42.0"
-"cargo:cargo-edit" = "0.13.9"
+"cargo:cargo-insta" = "1.47.2"
+python = "3.14.4"
+ast-grep = "0.42.1"
+"cargo:cargo-edit" = "0.13.10"
 "cargo:cargo-mutants" = "27.0.0"
 "cargo:flutter_rust_bridge_codegen" = "2.12.0"
 
@@ -22,3 +22,5 @@ run = '''
 dart pub global activate protoc_plugin && \
 protoc --dart_out=grpc:useragent/lib/proto --proto_path=protobufs/ $(find protobufs -name '*.proto' | sort)
 '''
+
+[tasks.generate_schema]

protobufs/arbiter.proto

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ syntax = "proto3";
 package arbiter;
 
 import "client.proto";
-import "user_agent.proto";
+import "operator.proto";
 
 message ServerInfo {
   string version = 1;
@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ message ServerInfo {
 
 service ArbiterService {
   rpc Client(stream arbiter.client.ClientRequest) returns (stream arbiter.client.ClientResponse);
-  rpc UserAgent(stream arbiter.user_agent.UserAgentRequest) returns (stream arbiter.user_agent.UserAgentResponse);
+  rpc Operator(stream arbiter.operator.OperatorRequest) returns (stream arbiter.operator.OperatorResponse);
 }

protobufs/client/auth.proto

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ message AuthChallengeRequest {
 }
 
 message AuthChallenge {
-  bytes pubkey = 1;
-  int32 nonce = 2;
+  uint64 timestamp_nanos = 1;
+  bytes random = 2;
 }
 
 message AuthChallengeSolution {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ enum AuthResult {
   AUTH_RESULT_INVALID_KEY = 2;
   AUTH_RESULT_INVALID_SIGNATURE = 3;
   AUTH_RESULT_APPROVAL_DENIED = 4;
-  AUTH_RESULT_NO_USER_AGENTS_ONLINE = 5;
+  AUTH_RESULT_NO_OPERATORS_ONLINE = 5;
   AUTH_RESULT_INTERNAL = 6;
 }
 

protobufs/evm.proto

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ message SpecificGrant {
   }
 }
 
-// --- UserAgent grant management ---
+// --- Operator grant management ---
 message EvmGrantCreateRequest {
   SharedSettings shared = 1;
   SpecificGrant specific = 2;

protobufs/operator.proto

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package arbiter.operator;
+
+import "operator/auth.proto";
+import "operator/evm.proto";
+import "operator/governance.proto";
+import "operator/sdk_client.proto";
+import "operator/vault/vault.proto";
+
+message OperatorRequest {
+  int32 id = 16;
+  oneof payload {
+    auth.Request            auth        = 1;
+    vault.Request           vault       = 2;
+    evm.Request             evm         = 3;
+    sdk_client.Request      sdk_client  = 4;
+    governance.Request      governance  = 5;
+  }
+}
+
+message OperatorResponse {
+  optional int32 id = 16;
+  oneof payload {
+    auth.Response           auth        = 1;
+    vault.Response          vault       = 2;
+    evm.Response            evm         = 3;
+    sdk_client.Response     sdk_client  = 4;
+    governance.Response     governance  = 5;
+  }
+}

protobufs/operator/auth.proto

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-package arbiter.user_agent.auth;
+package arbiter.operator.auth;
 
 message AuthChallengeRequest {
   bytes pubkey = 1;
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ message AuthChallengeRequest {
 }
 
 message AuthChallenge {
-  int32 nonce = 1;
+  uint64 timestamp_nanos = 1;
+  bytes random = 2;
 }
 
 message AuthChallengeSolution {

protobufs/operator/evm.proto

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-package arbiter.user_agent.evm;
+package arbiter.operator.evm;
 
 import "evm.proto";
 import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";

protobufs/operator/governance.proto

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package arbiter.operator.governance;
+
+message Request {
+  oneof payload {
+    CreateProposalRequest create = 1;
+    CastVoteRequest       vote   = 2;
+    QueryPendingRequest   query  = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+message CreateProposalRequest {
+  oneof kind {
+    ApproveSdkClientPayload approve_sdk_client = 1;
+  }
+  optional uint32 ttl_secs = 2;
+}
+
+message ApproveSdkClientPayload {
+  int32 client_id = 1;
+}
+
+message CastVoteRequest {
+  int32 proposal_id = 1;
+  bool  approve     = 2;
+  bytes signature   = 3;
+}
+
+message QueryPendingRequest {}
+
+message Response {
+  oneof payload {
+    CreateProposalResponse created  = 1;
+    VoteResponse           voted    = 2;
+    QueryPendingResponse   pending  = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+message CreateProposalResponse {
+  int32 proposal_id = 1;
+}
+
+message VoteResponse {
+  VoteOutcome outcome = 1;
+}
+
+enum VoteOutcome {
+  VOTE_OUTCOME_UNSPECIFIED  = 0;
+  VOTE_OUTCOME_PENDING      = 1;
+  VOTE_OUTCOME_APPROVED     = 2;
+  VOTE_OUTCOME_REJECTED     = 3;
+}
+
+message ProposalSummary {
+  int32  id            = 1;
+  string kind          = 2;
+  int32  initiator_id  = 3;
+  int64  expires_at    = 4;
+  int64  approve_count = 5;
+  int64  reject_count  = 6;
+}
+
+message QueryPendingResponse {
+  repeated ProposalSummary proposals = 1;
+}

protobufs/operator/sdk_client.proto

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-package arbiter.user_agent.sdk_client;
+package arbiter.operator.sdk_client;
 
 import "shared/client.proto";
 import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";

protobufs/operator/vault/bootstrap.proto

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-package arbiter.user_agent.vault.bootstrap;
+package arbiter.operator.vault.bootstrap;
 
 message BootstrapEncryptedKey {
   bytes nonce = 1;
@@ -8,15 +8,28 @@ message BootstrapEncryptedKey {
   bytes associated_data = 3;
 }
 
+message DeclareCommittee {
+  uint32 count = 1;
+}
+
+message ContributePassphrase {
+  bytes passphrase = 1;
+}
+
 enum BootstrapResult {
   BOOTSTRAP_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
   BOOTSTRAP_RESULT_SUCCESS = 1;
   BOOTSTRAP_RESULT_ALREADY_BOOTSTRAPPED = 2;
   BOOTSTRAP_RESULT_INVALID_KEY = 3;
+  BOOTSTRAP_RESULT_AWAITING_CONTRIBUTIONS = 4;
 }
 
 message Request {
-  BootstrapEncryptedKey encrypted_key = 2;
+  oneof payload {
+    BootstrapEncryptedKey encrypted_key = 2;
+    DeclareCommittee declare_committee = 3;
+    ContributePassphrase contribute_passphrase = 4;
+  }
 }
 
 message Response {

protobufs/operator/vault/unseal.proto

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-package arbiter.user_agent.vault.unseal;
+package arbiter.operator.vault.unseal;
 
 message UnsealStart {
   bytes client_pubkey = 1;
@@ -15,17 +15,23 @@ message UnsealEncryptedKey {
   bytes associated_data = 3;
 }
 
+message ContributePassphrase {
+  bytes passphrase = 1;
+}
+
 enum UnsealResult {
   UNSEAL_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
   UNSEAL_RESULT_SUCCESS = 1;
   UNSEAL_RESULT_INVALID_KEY = 2;
   UNSEAL_RESULT_UNBOOTSTRAPPED = 3;
+  UNSEAL_RESULT_AWAITING_CONTRIBUTIONS = 4;
 }
 
 message Request {
   oneof payload {
     UnsealStart start = 1;
     UnsealEncryptedKey encrypted_key = 2;
+    ContributePassphrase contribute_passphrase = 3;
   }
 }
 

protobufs/operator/vault/vault.proto

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-package arbiter.user_agent.vault;
+package arbiter.operator.vault;
 
 import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
 import "shared/vault.proto";
-import "user_agent/vault/bootstrap.proto";
-import "user_agent/vault/unseal.proto";
+import "operator/vault/bootstrap.proto";
+import "operator/vault/unseal.proto";
 
 message Request {
   oneof payload {

protobufs/shared/vault.proto

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ package arbiter.shared;
 enum VaultState {
   VAULT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
   VAULT_STATE_UNBOOTSTRAPPED = 1;
-  VAULT_STATE_SEALED = 2;
-  VAULT_STATE_UNSEALED = 3;
-  VAULT_STATE_ERROR = 4;
+  VAULT_STATE_BOOSTRAPPING = 2;
+  VAULT_STATE_SEALED = 3;
+  VAULT_STATE_UNSEALED = 4;
+  VAULT_STATE_ERROR = 5;
 }

protobufs/user_agent.proto

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-syntax = "proto3";
-
-package arbiter.user_agent;
-
-import "user_agent/auth.proto";
-import "user_agent/evm.proto";
-import "user_agent/sdk_client.proto";
-import "user_agent/vault/vault.proto";
-
-message UserAgentRequest {
-  int32 id = 16;
-  oneof payload {
-    auth.Request auth = 1;
-    vault.Request vault = 2;
-    evm.Request evm = 3;
-    sdk_client.Request sdk_client = 4;
-  }
-}
-
-message UserAgentResponse {
-  optional int32 id = 16;
-  oneof payload {
-    auth.Response auth = 1;
-    vault.Response vault = 2;
-    evm.Response evm = 3;
-    sdk_client.Response sdk_client = 4;
-  }
-}

server/.cargo/config.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[env]
+MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = "26.3"

server/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,46 +4,166 @@ members = [
 ]
 resolver = "3"
 
-[workspace.lints.clippy]
-disallowed-methods = "deny"
-
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-tonic = { version = "0.14.5", features = [
-    "deflate",
-    "gzip",
-    "tls-connect-info",
-    "zstd",
-] }
-tracing = "0.1.44"
-tokio = { version = "1.50.0", features = ["full"] }
-ed25519-dalek = { version = "3.0.0-pre.6", features = ["rand_core"] }
+alloy = "2.0.4"
+async-trait = "0.1.89"
+base64 = "0.22.1"
 chrono = { version = "0.4.44", features = ["serde"] }
-rand = "0.10.0"
-rustls = { version = "0.23.37", features = ["aws-lc-rs", "logging", "prefer-post-quantum", "std"], default-features = false }
+futures = "0.3.32"
+k256 = { version = "0.13.4", features = ["ecdsa", "pkcs8"] }
+kameo = {git = "https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git", rev = "3e18ba2"}
+kameo_actors = {git = "https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git", rev = "3e18ba2"}
+hmac = "0.13.0"
+miette = { version = "7.6.0", features = ["fancy", "serde"] }
+ml-dsa = { version = "0.1.0-rc.9", features = ["zeroize"] }
+mutants = "0.0.4"
+prost = "0.14.3"
+prost-types = { version = "0.14.3", features = ["chrono"] }
+rand = "0.10.1"
+rcgen = { version = "0.14.7", features = [ "aws_lc_rs",  "pem", "x509-parser", "zeroize" ], default-features = false }
+rstest = "0.26.1"
+rustls = { version = "0.23.40", features = ["aws-lc-rs", "logging", "prefer-post-quantum", "std"], default-features = false }
+rustls-pki-types = "1.14.1"
+sha2 = "0.11"
 smlang = "0.8.0"
 thiserror = "2.0.18"
-async-trait = "0.1.89"
-futures = "0.3.32"
+tokio = { version = "1.52.1", features = ["full"] }
 tokio-stream = { version = "0.1.18", features = ["full"] }
-kameo = "0.20"
-prost-types = { version = "0.14.3", features = ["chrono"] }
+tonic = { version = "0.14.5", features = [ "deflate", "gzip", "tls-connect-info", "zstd" ] }
+tracing = "0.1.44"
 x25519-dalek = { version = "2.0.1", features = ["getrandom"] }
-rstest = "0.26.1"
-rustls-pki-types = "1.14.0"
-alloy = "1.7.3"
-rcgen = { version = "0.14.7", features = [
-    "aws_lc_rs",
-    "pem",
-    "x509-parser",
-    "zeroize",
-], default-features = false }
-k256 = { version = "0.13.4", features = ["ecdsa", "pkcs8"] }
-rsa = { version = "0.9", features = ["sha2"] }
-sha2 = "0.10"
-spki = "0.7"
-prost = "0.14.3"
-miette = { version = "7.6.0", features = ["fancy", "serde"] }
-mutants = "0.0.4"
-ml-dsa = { version = "0.1.0-rc.8", features = ["zeroize"] }
-base64 = "0.22.1"
+
+[workspace.lints.rust]
+missing_unsafe_on_extern = "deny"
+unsafe_attr_outside_unsafe = "deny"
+unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn = "deny"
+unstable_features = "deny"
+
+deprecated_safe_2024 = "warn"
+ffi_unwind_calls = "warn"
+linker_messages = "warn"
+
+elided_lifetimes_in_paths = "warn"
+explicit_outlives_requirements = "warn"
+impl-trait-overcaptures = "warn"
+impl-trait-redundant-captures = "warn"
+redundant_lifetimes = "warn"
+single_use_lifetimes = "warn"
+unused_lifetimes = "warn"
+
+macro_use_extern_crate = "warn"
+redundant_imports = "warn"
+unused_import_braces = "warn"
+unused_macro_rules = "warn"
+unused_qualifications = "warn"
+
+unit_bindings = "warn"
+
+# missing_docs = "warn" # ENABLE BY THE FIRST MAJOR VERSION!!
+unnameable_types = "warn"
+
+[workspace.lints.clippy]
+derive_partial_eq_without_eq = "allow" 
+future_not_send = "allow"
+inconsistent_struct_constructor = "allow"
+inline_always = "allow"
+missing_errors_doc = "allow"
+missing_fields_in_debug = "allow"
+missing_panics_doc = "allow"
+must_use_candidate = "allow"
+needless_pass_by_ref_mut = "allow"
+pub_underscore_fields = "allow"
+redundant_pub_crate = "allow" 
+uninhabited_references = "allow" # safe with unsafe_code = "forbid" and standard uninhabited pattern (match *self {})
+
+# restriction lints
+alloc_instead_of_core = "warn"
+allow_attributes_without_reason = "warn"
+as_conversions = "warn"
+assertions_on_result_states = "warn"
+cfg_not_test = "warn"
+clone_on_ref_ptr = "warn"
+cognitive_complexity = "warn"
+create_dir = "warn"
+dbg_macro = "warn"
+decimal_literal_representation = "warn"
+default_union_representation = "warn"
+deref_by_slicing = "warn"
+disallowed_script_idents = "warn"
+doc_include_without_cfg = "warn"
+empty_drop = "warn"
+empty_enum_variants_with_brackets = "warn"
+empty_structs_with_brackets = "warn"
+exit = "warn"
+filetype_is_file = "warn"
+float_arithmetic = "warn"
+float_cmp_const = "warn"
+fn_to_numeric_cast_any = "warn"
+get_unwrap = "warn"
+if_then_some_else_none = "warn"
+indexing_slicing = "warn"
+infinite_loop = "warn"
+inline_asm_x86_att_syntax = "warn"
+inline_asm_x86_intel_syntax = "warn"
+large_include_file = "warn"
+lossy_float_literal = "warn"
+map_with_unused_argument_over_ranges = "warn"
+mem_forget = "warn"
+missing_assert_message = "warn"
+mixed_read_write_in_expression = "warn"
+modulo_arithmetic = "warn"
+multiple_unsafe_ops_per_block = "warn"
+mutex_atomic = "warn"
+mutex_integer = "warn"
+needless_raw_strings = "warn"
+non_ascii_literal = "warn"
+non_zero_suggestions = "warn"
+pathbuf_init_then_push = "warn"
+pointer_format = "warn"
+precedence_bits = "warn"
+pub_without_shorthand = "warn"
+rc_buffer = "warn"
+rc_mutex = "warn"
+redundant_test_prefix = "warn"
+redundant_type_annotations = "warn"
+ref_patterns = "warn"
+renamed_function_params = "warn"
+rest_pat_in_fully_bound_structs = "warn"
+return_and_then = "warn"
+semicolon_inside_block = "warn"
+str_to_string = "warn"
+string_add = "warn"
+string_lit_chars_any = "warn"
+string_slice = "warn"
+suspicious_xor_used_as_pow = "warn"
+try_err = "warn"
+undocumented_unsafe_blocks = "warn"
+uninlined_format_args = "warn"
+unnecessary_safety_comment = "warn"
+unnecessary_safety_doc = "warn"
+unnecessary_self_imports = "warn"
+unneeded_field_pattern = "warn"
+unused_result_ok = "warn"
+verbose_file_reads = "warn"
+
+# cargo lints
+negative_feature_names = "warn"
+redundant_feature_names = "warn"
+wildcard_dependencies = "warn"
+
+# ENABLE BY THE FIRST MAJOR VERSION!!
+# todo = "warn"
+# unimplemented = "warn"
+# panic = "warn"
+# panic_in_result_fn = "warn"
+# 
+# cargo_common_metadata = "warn"
+# multiple_crate_versions = "warn" # a controversial option since it's really difficult to maintain
+
+disallowed_methods = "deny"
+
+nursery = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
+pedantic = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
+
+type_repetition_in_bounds = "allow"   # sometimes, it's better for readability this way

server/clippy.toml

@@ -7,3 +7,22 @@ disallowed-methods = [
     { path = "rsa::traits::Decryptor::decrypt", reason = "RSA decryption is forbidden (RUSTSEC-2023-0071 Marvin Attack). This blocks decrypt() on rsa::{pkcs1v15,oaep}::DecryptingKey." },
     { path = "rsa::traits::RandomizedDecryptor::decrypt_with_rng", reason = "RSA decryption is forbidden (RUSTSEC-2023-0071 Marvin Attack). This blocks decrypt_with_rng() on rsa::{pkcs1v15,oaep}::DecryptingKey." },
 ]
+
+allow-indexing-slicing-in-tests = true
+allow-panic-in-tests = true
+check-inconsistent-struct-field-initializers = true
+suppress-restriction-lint-in-const = true
+allow-renamed-params-for = [
+    "core::convert::From",
+    "core::convert::TryFrom",
+    "core::str::FromStr",
+    "kameo::actor::Actor",
+]
+
+module-items-ordered-within-groupings = ["UPPER_SNAKE_CASE"]
+source-item-ordering = ["enum"]
+trait-assoc-item-kinds-order = [
+    "const",
+    "type",
+    "fn",
+] # community tested standard

server/crates/arbiter-client/Cargo.toml

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ tokio.workspace = true
 tokio-stream.workspace = true
 thiserror.workspace = true
 http = "1.4.0"
-rustls-webpki = { version = "0.103.10", features = ["aws-lc-rs"] }
+rustls-webpki = { version = "0.103.13", features = ["aws-lc-rs"] }
 async-trait.workspace = true
-rand.workspace = true
+chrono.workspace = true
+
+[lib]
+doctest = false

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/auth.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::authn::{CLIENT_CONTEXT, SigningKey, format_challenge};
+use crate::{
+    storage::StorageError,
+    transport::{ClientTransport, next_request_id},
+};
+use arbiter_crypto::authn::{self, CLIENT_CONTEXT, SigningKey};
 use arbiter_proto::{
     ClientMetadata,
     proto::{
@@ -16,33 +20,31 @@ use arbiter_proto::{
     },
 };
 
-use crate::{
-    storage::StorageError,
-    transport::{ClientTransport, next_request_id},
-};
+use chrono::DateTime;
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum AuthError {
+    #[error("Server sent invalid auth challenge")]
+    InvalidChallenge,
+    #[error("Client approval denied by Operator")]
+    ApprovalDenied,
     #[error("Auth challenge was not returned by server")]
     MissingAuthChallenge,
 
-    #[error("Client approval denied by User Agent")]
-    ApprovalDenied,
-
-    #[error("No User Agents online to approve client")]
-    NoUserAgentsOnline,
-
-    #[error("Unexpected auth response payload")]
-    UnexpectedAuthResponse,
+    #[error("No Operators online to approve client")]
+    NoOperatorsOnline,
 
     #[error("Signing key storage error")]
     Storage(#[from] StorageError),
+
+    #[error("Unexpected auth response payload")]
+    UnexpectedAuthResponse,
 }
 
 fn map_auth_result(code: i32) -> AuthError {
     match AuthResult::try_from(code).unwrap_or(AuthResult::Unspecified) {
         AuthResult::ApprovalDenied => AuthError::ApprovalDenied,
-        AuthResult::NoUserAgentsOnline => AuthError::NoUserAgentsOnline,
+        AuthResult::NoOperatorsOnline => AuthError::NoOperatorsOnline,
         AuthResult::Unspecified
         | AuthResult::Success
         | AuthResult::InvalidKey
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ async fn send_auth_challenge_request(
     transport: &mut ClientTransport,
     metadata: ClientMetadata,
     key: &SigningKey,
-) -> std::result::Result<(), AuthError> {
+) -> Result<(), AuthError> {
     transport
         .send(ClientRequest {
             request_id: next_request_id(),
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ async fn send_auth_challenge_request(
 
 async fn receive_auth_challenge(
     transport: &mut ClientTransport,
-) -> std::result::Result<AuthChallenge, AuthError> {
+) -> Result<AuthChallenge, AuthError> {
     let response = transport
         .recv()
         .await
@@ -97,8 +99,16 @@ async fn send_auth_challenge_solution(
     transport: &mut ClientTransport,
     key: &SigningKey,
     challenge: AuthChallenge,
-) -> std::result::Result<(), AuthError> {
-    let challenge_payload = format_challenge(challenge.nonce, &challenge.pubkey);
+) -> Result<(), AuthError> {
+    let timestamp = DateTime::from_timestamp_nanos(challenge.timestamp_nanos as i64);
+    let challenge = authn::AuthChallenge {
+        nonce: *challenge
+            .random
+            .as_array()
+            .ok_or(AuthError::InvalidChallenge)?,
+        timestamp,
+    };
+    let challenge_payload: Vec<u8> = challenge.format();
     let signature = key
         .sign_message(&challenge_payload, CLIENT_CONTEXT)
         .map_err(|_| AuthError::UnexpectedAuthResponse)?
@@ -117,9 +127,7 @@ async fn send_auth_challenge_solution(
         .map_err(|_| AuthError::UnexpectedAuthResponse)
 }
 
-async fn receive_auth_confirmation(
-    transport: &mut ClientTransport,
-) -> std::result::Result<(), AuthError> {
+async fn receive_auth_confirmation(transport: &mut ClientTransport) -> Result<(), AuthError> {
     let response = transport
         .recv()
         .await
@@ -140,11 +148,11 @@ async fn receive_auth_confirmation(
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) async fn authenticate(
+pub async fn authenticate(
     transport: &mut ClientTransport,
     metadata: ClientMetadata,
     key: &SigningKey,
-) -> std::result::Result<(), AuthError> {
+) -> Result<(), AuthError> {
     send_auth_challenge_request(transport, metadata, key).await?;
     let challenge = receive_auth_challenge(transport).await?;
     send_auth_challenge_solution(transport, key, challenge).await?;

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/bin/test_connect.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use std::io::{self, Write};
-
 use arbiter_client::ArbiterClient;
 use arbiter_proto::{ClientMetadata, url::ArbiterUrl};
 
+use std::io::{self, Write};
+
 #[tokio::main]
 async fn main() {
     println!("Testing connection to Arbiter server...");
@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ async fn main() {
         }
     };
 
-    println!("{:#?}", url);
+    println!("{url:#?}");
 
     let metadata = ClientMetadata {
-        name: "arbiter-client test_connect".to_string(),
-        description: Some("Manual connection smoke test".to_string()),
-        version: Some(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION").to_string()),
+        name: "arbiter-client test_connect".to_owned(),
+        description: Some("Manual connection smoke test".to_owned()),
+        version: Some(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION").to_owned()),
     };
 
     match ArbiterClient::connect(url, metadata).await {
         Ok(_) => println!("Connected and authenticated successfully."),
-        Err(err) => eprintln!("Failed to connect: {:#?}", err),
+        Err(err) => eprintln!("Failed to connect: {err:#?}"),
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/client.rs

@@ -1,50 +1,55 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::authn::SigningKey;
-use arbiter_proto::{
-    ClientMetadata, proto::arbiter_service_client::ArbiterServiceClient, url::ArbiterUrl,
-};
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use tokio::sync::{Mutex, mpsc};
-use tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream;
-use tonic::transport::ClientTlsConfig;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "evm")]
+use crate::wallets::evm::ArbiterEvmWallet;
 use crate::{
     StorageError,
     auth::{AuthError, authenticate},
     storage::{FileSigningKeyStorage, SigningKeyStorage},
     transport::{BUFFER_LENGTH, ClientTransport},
 };
+use arbiter_crypto::authn::SigningKey;
+use arbiter_proto::{
+    ClientMetadata, proto::arbiter_service_client::ArbiterServiceClient, url::ArbiterUrl,
+};
 
-#[cfg(feature = "evm")]
-use crate::wallets::evm::ArbiterEvmWallet;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tokio::sync::{Mutex, mpsc};
+use tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream;
+use tonic::transport::ClientTlsConfig;
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-pub enum Error {
-    #[error("gRPC error")]
-    Grpc(#[from] tonic::Status),
+pub enum ArbiterClientError {
+    #[error("Authentication error")]
+    Authentication(#[from] AuthError),
 
     #[error("Could not establish connection")]
     Connection(#[from] tonic::transport::Error),
 
-    #[error("Invalid server URI")]
-    InvalidUri(#[from] http::uri::InvalidUri),
+    #[error("gRPC error")]
+    Grpc(#[from] tonic::Status),
 
     #[error("Invalid CA certificate")]
     InvalidCaCert(#[from] webpki::Error),
 
-    #[error("Authentication error")]
-    Authentication(#[from] AuthError),
+    #[error("Invalid server URI")]
+    InvalidUri(#[from] http::uri::InvalidUri),
 
     #[error("Storage error")]
     Storage(#[from] StorageError),
 }
 
 pub struct ArbiterClient {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    #[expect(
+        dead_code,
+        reason = "transport will be used in future methods for sending requests and receiving responses"
+    )]
     transport: Arc<Mutex<ClientTransport>>,
 }
 
 impl ArbiterClient {
-    pub async fn connect(url: ArbiterUrl, metadata: ClientMetadata) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    pub async fn connect(
+        url: ArbiterUrl,
+        metadata: ClientMetadata,
+    ) -> Result<Self, ArbiterClientError> {
         let storage = FileSigningKeyStorage::from_default_location()?;
         Self::connect_with_storage(url, metadata, &storage).await
     }
@@ -53,7 +58,7 @@ impl ArbiterClient {
         url: ArbiterUrl,
         metadata: ClientMetadata,
         storage: &S,
-    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    ) -> Result<Self, ArbiterClientError> {
         let key = storage.load_or_create()?;
         Self::connect_with_key(url, metadata, key).await
     }
@@ -62,7 +67,7 @@ impl ArbiterClient {
         url: ArbiterUrl,
         metadata: ClientMetadata,
         key: SigningKey,
-    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    ) -> Result<Self, ArbiterClientError> {
         let anchor = webpki::anchor_from_trusted_cert(&url.ca_cert)?.to_owned();
         let tls = ClientTlsConfig::new().trust_anchor(anchor);
 
@@ -89,7 +94,8 @@ impl ArbiterClient {
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "evm")]
-    pub async fn evm_wallets(&self) -> Result<Vec<ArbiterEvmWallet>, Error> {
+    #[expect(clippy::unused_async, reason = "false positive")]
+    pub async fn evm_wallets(&self) -> Result<Vec<ArbiterEvmWallet>, ArbiterClientError> {
         todo!("fetch EVM wallet list from server")
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/lib.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ mod transport;
 pub mod wallets;
 
 pub use auth::AuthError;
-pub use client::{ArbiterClient, Error};
+pub use client::{ArbiterClient, ArbiterClientError};
 pub use storage::{FileSigningKeyStorage, SigningKeyStorage, StorageError};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "evm")]

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/storage.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 use arbiter_crypto::authn::SigningKey;
 use arbiter_proto::home_path;
+
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum StorageError {
-    #[error("I/O error")]
-    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
-
     #[error("Invalid signing key length in storage: expected {expected} bytes, got {actual} bytes")]
     InvalidKeyLength { expected: usize, actual: usize },
+
+    #[error("I/O error")]
+    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
 }
 
 pub trait SigningKeyStorage {
-    fn load_or_create(&self) -> std::result::Result<SigningKey, StorageError>;
+    fn load_or_create(&self) -> Result<SigningKey, StorageError>;
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -27,11 +28,11 @@ impl FileSigningKeyStorage {
         Self { path: path.into() }
     }
 
-    pub fn from_default_location() -> std::result::Result<Self, StorageError> {
+    pub fn from_default_location() -> Result<Self, StorageError> {
         Ok(Self::new(home_path()?.join(Self::DEFAULT_FILE_NAME)))
     }
 
-    fn read_key(path: &Path) -> std::result::Result<SigningKey, StorageError> {
+    fn read_key(path: &Path) -> Result<SigningKey, StorageError> {
         let bytes = std::fs::read(path)?;
         let raw: [u8; 32] =
             bytes
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ impl FileSigningKeyStorage {
 }
 
 impl SigningKeyStorage for FileSigningKeyStorage {
-    fn load_or_create(&self) -> std::result::Result<SigningKey, StorageError> {
+    fn load_or_create(&self) -> Result<SigningKey, StorageError> {
         if let Some(parent) = self.path.parent() {
             std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
         }
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ mod tests {
                 assert_eq!(expected, 32);
                 assert_eq!(actual, 31);
             }
-            other => panic!("unexpected error: {other:?}"),
+            other @ StorageError::Io(_) => panic!("unexpected error: {other:?}"),
         }
 
         std::fs::remove_file(path).expect("temp key file should be removable");

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/transport.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 use arbiter_proto::proto::client::{ClientRequest, ClientResponse};
+
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicI32, Ordering};
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 
-pub(crate) const BUFFER_LENGTH: usize = 16;
+pub const BUFFER_LENGTH: usize = 16;
 static NEXT_REQUEST_ID: AtomicI32 = AtomicI32::new(1);
 
-pub(crate) fn next_request_id() -> i32 {
+pub fn next_request_id() -> i32 {
     NEXT_REQUEST_ID.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed)
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-pub(crate) enum ClientSignError {
+pub enum ClientSignError {
     #[error("Transport channel closed")]
     ChannelClosed,
 
@@ -18,27 +19,23 @@ pub(crate) enum ClientSignError {
     ConnectionClosed,
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct ClientTransport {
+pub struct ClientTransport {
     pub(crate) sender: mpsc::Sender<ClientRequest>,
     pub(crate) receiver: tonic::Streaming<ClientResponse>,
 }
 
 impl ClientTransport {
-    pub(crate) async fn send(
-        &mut self,
-        request: ClientRequest,
-    ) -> std::result::Result<(), ClientSignError> {
+    pub(crate) async fn send(&mut self, request: ClientRequest) -> Result<(), ClientSignError> {
         self.sender
             .send(request)
             .await
             .map_err(|_| ClientSignError::ChannelClosed)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) async fn recv(&mut self) -> std::result::Result<ClientResponse, ClientSignError> {
+    pub(crate) async fn recv(&mut self) -> Result<ClientResponse, ClientSignError> {
         match self.receiver.message().await {
             Ok(Some(resp)) => Ok(resp),
-            Ok(None) => Err(ClientSignError::ConnectionClosed),
-            Err(_) => Err(ClientSignError::ConnectionClosed),
+            Ok(None) | Err(_) => Err(ClientSignError::ConnectionClosed),
         }
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/wallets/evm.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-use alloy::{
-    consensus::SignableTransaction,
-    network::TxSigner,
-    primitives::{Address, B256, ChainId, Signature},
-    signers::{Error, Result, Signer},
-};
-use async_trait::async_trait;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use tokio::sync::Mutex;
-
+use crate::transport::{ClientTransport, next_request_id};
 use arbiter_proto::proto::{
     client::{
         ClientRequest,
@@ -25,7 +16,15 @@ use arbiter_proto::proto::{
     shared::evm::TransactionEvalError,
 };
 
-use crate::transport::{ClientTransport, next_request_id};
+use alloy::{
+    consensus::SignableTransaction,
+    network::TxSigner,
+    primitives::{Address, B256, ChainId, Signature},
+    signers::{Error, Result, Signer},
+};
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 
 /// A typed error payload returned by [`ArbiterEvmWallet`] transaction signing.
 ///
@@ -59,7 +58,11 @@ pub struct ArbiterEvmWallet {
 }
 
 impl ArbiterEvmWallet {
-    pub(crate) fn new(transport: Arc<Mutex<ClientTransport>>, address: Address) -> Self {
+    #[expect(
+        dead_code,
+        reason = "new will be used in future methods for creating wallets with different parameters"
+    )]
+    pub(crate) const fn new(transport: Arc<Mutex<ClientTransport>>, address: Address) -> Self {
         Self {
             transport,
             address,
@@ -67,11 +70,12 @@ impl ArbiterEvmWallet {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn address(&self) -> Address {
+    pub const fn address(&self) -> Address {
         self.address
     }
 
-    pub fn with_chain_id(mut self, chain_id: ChainId) -> Self {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn with_chain_id(mut self, chain_id: ChainId) -> Self {
         self.chain_id = Some(chain_id);
         self
     }
@@ -146,6 +150,7 @@ impl TxSigner<Signature> for ArbiterEvmWallet {
             .recv()
             .await
             .map_err(|_| Error::other("failed to receive evm sign transaction response"))?;
+        drop(transport);
 
         if response.request_id != Some(request_id) {
             return Err(Error::other(

server/crates/arbiter-crypto/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,14 +6,20 @@ edition = "2024"
 [dependencies]
 ml-dsa = {workspace = true, optional = true }
 rand = {workspace = true, optional = true}
-base64 = {workspace = true, optional = true }
 memsafe = {version = "0.4.0", optional = true}
+hmac.workspace = true
+alloy.workspace = true
 x-wing = { version = "0.1.0-rc.0", features = ["zeroize"] }
+chrono.workspace = true
+thiserror.workspace = true
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
 
 [features]
 default = ["authn", "safecell"]
-authn = ["dep:ml-dsa", "dep:rand", "dep:base64"]
+authn = ["dep:ml-dsa", "dep:rand"]
 safecell = ["dep:memsafe"]
+
+[lib]
+doctest = false

server/crates/arbiter-crypto/src/authn/v1.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,66 @@
-use std::hash::Hash;
-
-use base64::{Engine as _, prelude::BASE64_STANDARD};
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use hmac::digest::Digest;
 use ml_dsa::{
     EncodedVerifyingKey, Error, KeyGen, MlDsa87, Seed, Signature as MlDsaSignature,
     SigningKey as MlDsaSigningKey, VerifyingKey as MlDsaVerifyingKey, signature::Keypair as _,
 };
+use rand::RngExt;
 
 pub static CLIENT_CONTEXT: &[u8] = b"arbiter_client";
-pub static USERAGENT_CONTEXT: &[u8] = b"arbiter_user_agent";
+pub static OPERATOR_CONTEXT: &[u8] = b"arbiter_operator";
+pub static GOVERNANCE_CONTEXT: &[u8] = b"arbiter_governance_vote";
 
-pub fn format_challenge(nonce: i32, pubkey: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let concat_form = format!("{}:{}", nonce, BASE64_STANDARD.encode(pubkey));
-    concat_form.into_bytes()
+const NONCE_SIZE: usize = 32;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("invalid length: expected {expected} bytes, got {actual} bytes")]
+pub struct InvalidLength {
+    pub expected: usize,
+    pub actual: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct AuthChallenge {
+    pub nonce: [u8; NONCE_SIZE],
+    pub timestamp: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+impl AuthChallenge {
+    pub fn generate(rng: &mut impl rand::CryptoRng) -> Self {
+        let timestamp = Utc::now();
+        let nonce = {
+            let mut array = [0; NONCE_SIZE];
+            rng.fill(&mut array);
+            array
+        };
+
+        Self { nonce, timestamp }
+    }
+
+    pub fn format(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        {
+            let mut buffer = Vec::from(self.nonce);
+
+            let stamp = self
+                .timestamp
+                .timestamp_nanos_opt()
+                .expect("We would be long dead by the time this triggers :)");
+            buffer.extend_from_slice(stamp.to_be_bytes().as_slice());
+
+            buffer
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_parts(nonce: &[u8], timestamp: i64) -> Result<Self, InvalidLength> {
+        let random_nonce = nonce.as_array().ok_or(InvalidLength {
+            expected: NONCE_SIZE,
+            actual: nonce.len(),
+        })?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            nonce: *random_nonce,
+            timestamp: DateTime::from_timestamp_nanos(timestamp),
+        })
+    }
 }
 
 pub type KeyParams = MlDsa87;
@@ -19,9 +68,9 @@ pub type KeyParams = MlDsa87;
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct PublicKey(Box<MlDsaVerifyingKey<KeyParams>>);
 
-impl Hash for PublicKey {
-    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
-        self.to_bytes().hash(state);
+impl crate::hashing::Hashable for PublicKey {
+    fn hash<H: Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
+        hasher.update(self.to_bytes());
     }
 }
 
@@ -33,21 +82,25 @@ pub struct SigningKey(Box<MlDsaSigningKey<KeyParams>>);
 
 impl PublicKey {
     pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        self.0.encode().to_vec()
+        self.0.encode().0.to_vec()
     }
 
-    pub fn verify(&self, nonce: i32, context: &[u8], signature: &Signature) -> bool {
-        self.0.verify_with_context(
-            &format_challenge(nonce, &self.to_bytes()),
-            context,
-            &signature.0,
-        )
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn verify(&self, challenge: &AuthChallenge, context: &[u8], signature: &Signature) -> bool {
+        let challenge = challenge.format();
+        self.0
+            .verify_with_context(&challenge, context, &signature.0)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn verify_message(&self, message: &[u8], context: &[u8], signature: &Signature) -> bool {
+        self.0.verify_with_context(message, context, &signature.0)
     }
 }
 
 impl Signature {
     pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        self.0.encode().to_vec()
+        self.0.encode().0.to_vec()
     }
 }
 
@@ -75,11 +128,14 @@ impl SigningKey {
             .map(Into::into)
     }
 
-    pub fn sign_challenge(&self, nonce: i32, context: &[u8]) -> Result<Signature, Error> {
-        self.sign_message(
-            &format_challenge(nonce, &self.public_key().to_bytes()),
-            context,
-        )
+    pub fn sign_challenge(
+        &self,
+        challenge: &AuthChallenge,
+        context: &[u8],
+    ) -> Result<Signature, Error> {
+        let challenge = challenge.format();
+
+        self.sign_message(&challenge, context)
     }
 }
 
@@ -140,7 +196,9 @@ impl TryFrom<&'_ [u8]> for Signature {
 mod tests {
     use ml_dsa::{KeyGen, MlDsa87, signature::Keypair as _};
 
-    use super::{CLIENT_CONTEXT, PublicKey, Signature, SigningKey, USERAGENT_CONTEXT};
+    use crate::authn::AuthChallenge;
+
+    use super::{CLIENT_CONTEXT, PublicKey, Signature, SigningKey, OPERATOR_CONTEXT};
 
     #[test]
     fn public_key_round_trip_decodes() {
@@ -169,13 +227,13 @@ mod tests {
     fn challenge_verification_uses_context_and_canonical_key_bytes() {
         let key = SigningKey::generate();
         let public_key = key.public_key();
-        let nonce = 17;
+        let challenge = AuthChallenge::generate(&mut rand::rng());
         let signature = key
-            .sign_challenge(nonce, CLIENT_CONTEXT)
+            .sign_challenge(&challenge, CLIENT_CONTEXT)
             .expect("signature should be created");
 
-        assert!(public_key.verify(nonce, CLIENT_CONTEXT, &signature));
-        assert!(!public_key.verify(nonce, USERAGENT_CONTEXT, &signature));
+        assert!(public_key.verify(&challenge, CLIENT_CONTEXT, &signature));
+        assert!(!public_key.verify(&challenge, OPERATOR_CONTEXT, &signature));
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -185,10 +243,16 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert_eq!(restored.public_key(), original.public_key());
 
+        let challenge = AuthChallenge::generate(&mut rand::rng());
+
         let signature = restored
-            .sign_challenge(9, CLIENT_CONTEXT)
+            .sign_challenge(&challenge, CLIENT_CONTEXT)
             .expect("signature should be created");
 
-        assert!(restored.public_key().verify(9, CLIENT_CONTEXT, &signature));
+        assert!(
+            restored
+                .public_key()
+                .verify(&challenge, CLIENT_CONTEXT, &signature)
+        );
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-crypto/src/hashing.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,26 @@
-use hmac::digest::Digest;
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 
+pub use hmac::digest::Digest;
+
 /// Deterministically hash a value by feeding its fields into the hasher in a consistent order.
+#[diagnostic::on_unimplemented(
+    note = "for local types consider adding `#[derive(arbiter_macros::Hashable)]` to your `{Self}` type",
+    note = "for types from other crates check whether the crate offers a `Hashable` implementation"
+)]
 pub trait Hashable {
     fn hash<H: Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H);
 }
 
 macro_rules! impl_numeric {
-($($t:ty),*) => {
-    $(
-        impl Hashable for $t {
-            fn hash<H: Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-                hasher.update(&self.to_be_bytes());
+    ($($t:ty),*) => {
+        $(
+            impl Hashable for $t {
+                fn hash<H: Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
+                    hasher.update(&self.to_be_bytes());
+                }
             }
-        }
-    )*
-};
+        )*
+    };
 }
 
 impl_numeric!(u8, u16, u32, u64, i8, i16, i32, i64);
@@ -45,7 +50,7 @@ impl<T: Hashable + PartialOrd> Hashable for Vec<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Hashable + PartialOrd> Hashable for HashSet<T> {
+impl<T: Hashable + PartialOrd, S: std::hash::BuildHasher> Hashable for HashSet<T, S> {
     fn hash<H: Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
         let ref_sorted = {
             let mut sorted = self.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();

server/crates/arbiter-crypto/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #[cfg(feature = "authn")]
 pub mod authn;
-
+pub mod hashing;
 #[cfg(feature = "safecell")]
 pub mod safecell;
 

server/crates/arbiter-crypto/src/safecell.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
-use std::{any::type_name, fmt};
-
 use memsafe::MemSafe;
+use std::{
+    any::type_name,
+    fmt,
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+};
 
 pub trait SafeCellHandle<T> {
     type CellRead<'a>: Deref<Target = T>
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ pub trait SafeCellHandle<T> {
     fn read(&mut self) -> Self::CellRead<'_>;
     fn write(&mut self) -> Self::CellWrite<'_>;
 
-    fn new_inline<F>(f: F) -> Self
+    fn new_inline_default<F>(f: F) -> Self
     where
         Self: Sized,
         T: Default,
@@ -29,11 +31,19 @@ pub trait SafeCellHandle<T> {
         let mut cell = Self::new(T::default());
         {
             let mut handle = cell.write();
-            f(handle.deref_mut());
+            f(&mut *handle);
         }
         cell
     }
 
+    fn new_inline<F>(f: Box<F>) -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+        F: for<'a> FnOnce() -> T,
+    {
+        Self::new(f())
+    }
+
     #[inline(always)]
     fn read_inline<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R
     where

server/crates/arbiter-macros/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[package]
+name = "arbiter-macros"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[lib]
+proc-macro = true
+doctest = false
+
+[dependencies]
+proc-macro2 = "1.0"
+quote = "1.0"
+syn = { version = "2.0", features = ["derive", "fold", "full", "visit-mut"] }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+arbiter-crypto = { path = "../arbiter-crypto" }
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true

server/crates/arbiter-macros/src/hashable.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+use crate::utils::{HASHABLE_TRAIT_PATH, HMAC_DIGEST_PATH};
+
+use proc_macro2::{Span, TokenStream, TokenTree};
+use quote::quote;
+use syn::{DataStruct, DeriveInput, Fields, Generics, Index, parse_quote, spanned::Spanned};
+
+pub(crate) fn derive(input: &DeriveInput) -> TokenStream {
+    match &input.data {
+        syn::Data::Struct(struct_data) => hashable_struct(input, struct_data),
+        syn::Data::Enum(_) => {
+            syn::Error::new_spanned(input, "Hashable can currently be derived only for structs")
+                .to_compile_error()
+        }
+        syn::Data::Union(_) => {
+            syn::Error::new_spanned(input, "Hashable cannot be derived for unions")
+                .to_compile_error()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn hashable_struct(input: &DeriveInput, struct_data: &DataStruct) -> TokenStream {
+    let ident = &input.ident;
+    let hashable_trait = HASHABLE_TRAIT_PATH.to_path();
+    let hmac_digest = HMAC_DIGEST_PATH.to_path();
+    let generics = add_hashable_bounds(input.generics.clone(), &hashable_trait);
+    let field_accesses = collect_field_accesses(struct_data);
+    let hash_calls = build_hash_calls(&field_accesses, &hashable_trait);
+
+    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = generics.split_for_impl();
+
+    quote! {
+        #[automatically_derived]
+        impl #impl_generics #hashable_trait for #ident #ty_generics #where_clause {
+            fn hash<H: #hmac_digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
+                #(#hash_calls)*
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn add_hashable_bounds(mut generics: Generics, hashable_trait: &syn::Path) -> Generics {
+    for type_param in generics.type_params_mut() {
+        type_param.bounds.push(parse_quote!(#hashable_trait));
+    }
+
+    generics
+}
+
+struct FieldAccess {
+    access: TokenStream,
+    span: Span,
+}
+
+fn collect_field_accesses(struct_data: &DataStruct) -> Vec<FieldAccess> {
+    match &struct_data.fields {
+        Fields::Named(fields) => {
+            // Keep deterministic alphabetical order for named fields.
+            // Do not remove this sort, because it keeps hash output stable regardless of source order.
+            let mut named_fields = fields
+                .named
+                .iter()
+                .map(|field| {
+                    let name = field
+                        .ident
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .expect("Fields::Named(fields) must have names")
+                        .clone();
+                    (name.to_string(), name)
+                })
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+            named_fields.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0));
+
+            named_fields
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(_, name)| FieldAccess {
+                    access: quote! { #name },
+                    span: name.span(),
+                })
+                .collect()
+        }
+        Fields::Unnamed(fields) => fields
+            .unnamed
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(i, field)| FieldAccess {
+                access: {
+                    let index = Index::from(i);
+                    quote! { #index }
+                },
+                span: field.ty.span(),
+            })
+            .collect(),
+        Fields::Unit => Vec::new(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn build_hash_calls(
+    field_accesses: &[FieldAccess],
+    hashable_trait: &syn::Path,
+) -> Vec<TokenStream> {
+    field_accesses
+        .iter()
+        .map(|field| {
+            let access = &field.access;
+            let call = quote! {
+                #hashable_trait::hash(&self.#access, hasher);
+            };
+
+            respan(call, field.span)
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// Recursively set span on all tokens, including interpolated ones.
+fn respan(tokens: TokenStream, span: Span) -> TokenStream {
+    tokens
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|tt| match tt {
+            TokenTree::Group(g) => {
+                let mut new = proc_macro2::Group::new(g.delimiter(), respan(g.stream(), span));
+                new.set_span(span);
+                TokenTree::Group(new)
+            }
+            mut other => {
+                other.set_span(span);
+                other
+            }
+        })
+        .collect()
+}

server/crates/arbiter-macros/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+use syn::{DeriveInput, parse_macro_input};
+
+mod hashable;
+mod utils;
+
+#[proc_macro_derive(Hashable)]
+pub fn derive_hashable(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
+    let input = parse_macro_input!(input as DeriveInput);
+    hashable::derive(&input).into()
+}

server/crates/arbiter-macros/src/utils.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+pub(crate) struct ToPath(pub &'static str);
+
+impl ToPath {
+    pub(crate) fn to_path(&self) -> syn::Path {
+        syn::parse_str(self.0).expect("Invalid path")
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! ensure_path {
+    ($path:path as $name:ident) => {
+        const _: () = {
+            #[cfg(test)]
+            #[expect(
+                unused_imports,
+                reason = "Ensures the path is valid and will cause a compile error if not"
+            )]
+            use $path as _;
+        };
+        pub(crate) const $name: ToPath = ToPath(stringify!($path));
+    };
+}
+
+ensure_path!(::arbiter_crypto::hashing::Hashable as HASHABLE_TRAIT_PATH);
+ensure_path!(::arbiter_crypto::hashing::Digest as HMAC_DIGEST_PATH);

server/crates/arbiter-proto/Cargo.toml

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ license = "Apache-2.0"
 tonic.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
 futures.workspace = true
-hex = "0.4.3"
 tonic-prost = "0.14.5"
 prost.workspace = true
 kameo.workspace = true
@@ -19,18 +18,18 @@ thiserror.workspace = true
 rustls-pki-types.workspace = true
 base64.workspace = true
 prost-types.workspace = true
-tracing.workspace = true
 async-trait.workspace = true
 tokio-stream.workspace = true
 
 [build-dependencies]
 tonic-prost-build = "0.14.5"
-protoc-bin-vendored = "3"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 rstest.workspace = true
-rand.workspace = true
 rcgen.workspace = true
 
+[lib]
+doctest = false
+
 [package.metadata.cargo-shear]
-ignored = ["tonic-prost", "prost", "kameo"]
+ignored = ["tonic-prost", "prost"]

server/crates/arbiter-proto/build.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         .compile_protos(
             &[
                 format!("{}/arbiter.proto", PROTOBUF_DIR),
-                format!("{}/user_agent.proto", PROTOBUF_DIR),
+                format!("{}/operator.proto", PROTOBUF_DIR),
                 format!("{}/client.proto", PROTOBUF_DIR),
                 format!("{}/evm.proto", PROTOBUF_DIR),
             ],

server/crates/arbiter-proto/src/lib.rs

@@ -12,30 +12,34 @@ pub mod proto {
         }
     }
 
-    pub mod user_agent {
-        tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.user_agent");
+    pub mod operator {
+        tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator");
 
         pub mod auth {
-            tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.user_agent.auth");
+            tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.auth");
         }
 
         pub mod evm {
-            tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.user_agent.evm");
+            tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.evm");
+        }
+
+        pub mod governance {
+            tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.governance");
         }
 
         pub mod sdk_client {
-            tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.user_agent.sdk_client");
+            tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.sdk_client");
         }
 
         pub mod vault {
-            tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.user_agent.vault");
+            tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.vault");
 
             pub mod bootstrap {
-                tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.user_agent.vault.bootstrap");
+                tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.vault.bootstrap");
             }
 
             pub mod unseal {
-                tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.user_agent.vault.unseal");
+                tonic::include_proto!("arbiter.operator.vault.unseal");
             }
         }
     }

server/crates/arbiter-proto/src/transport.rs

@@ -54,10 +54,9 @@
 //!   as a closed outbound channel.
 //! - [`Bi::recv`] returns `None` when the underlying transport closes.
 //! - Message translation is intentionally out of scope for this module.
-
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-
 use async_trait::async_trait;
+use kameo::{error::Infallible, prelude::*};
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 /// Errors returned by transport adapters implementing [`Bi`].
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
@@ -106,6 +105,36 @@ pub trait Receiver<Inbound>: Send + Sync {
 /// any built-in correlation mechanism between inbound and outbound items.
 pub trait Bi<Inbound, Outbound>: Sender<Outbound> + Receiver<Inbound> + Send + Sync {}
 
+#[async_trait]
+impl<T, Outbound> Sender<Outbound> for &mut T
+where
+    T: Sender<Outbound> + ?Sized,
+    Outbound: Send + 'static,
+{
+    async fn send(&mut self, item: Outbound) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        (**self).send(item).await
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl<T, Inbound> Receiver<Inbound> for &mut T
+where
+    T: Receiver<Inbound> + ?Sized,
+    Inbound: Send + 'static,
+{
+    async fn recv(&mut self) -> Option<Inbound> {
+        (**self).recv().await
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, Inbound, Outbound> Bi<Inbound, Outbound> for &mut T
+where
+    T: Bi<Inbound, Outbound> + ?Sized,
+    Inbound: Send + 'static,
+    Outbound: Send + 'static,
+{
+}
+
 pub trait SplittableBi<Inbound, Outbound>: Bi<Inbound, Outbound> {
     type Sender: Sender<Outbound>;
     type Receiver: Receiver<Inbound>;
@@ -161,3 +190,29 @@ where
 }
 
 pub mod grpc;
+
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+pub enum ForwardError<I> {
+    #[error("Transport error: {0}")]
+    Transport(#[from] Error),
+    #[error("Actor delivery error: {0}")]
+    Actor(SendError<I>),
+}
+
+pub async fn forward_to_actor<Transport, Inbound, Outbound, Handler>(
+    transport: &mut Transport,
+    actor: &ActorRef<Handler>,
+) -> Result<(), ForwardError<Inbound>>
+where
+    Transport: Bi<Inbound, <Outbound as Reply>::Ok>,
+    Handler: Actor + Message<Inbound, Reply = Outbound>,
+    Inbound: Send + 'static,
+    Outbound: Send + 'static + Reply<Error = Infallible>, // `Infallible` to enforce contract that `Outbound` carries handler-level error
+{
+    while let Some(request) = transport.recv().await {
+        let resp = actor.ask(request).await.map_err(ForwardError::Actor)?;
+        transport.send(resp).await?
+    }
+
+    Err(Error::ChannelClosed.into())
+}

server/crates/arbiter-proto/src/transport/grpc.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
+use super::{Bi, Receiver, Sender};
+
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream;
 
-use super::{Bi, Receiver, Sender};
-
 pub struct GrpcSender<Outbound> {
     tx: mpsc::Sender<Result<Outbound, tonic::Status>>,
 }

server/crates/arbiter-proto/src/url.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-use std::fmt::Display;
-
 use base64::{Engine as _, prelude::BASE64_URL_SAFE};
 use rustls_pki_types::CertificateDer;
+use std::fmt::Display;
 
 const ARBITER_URL_SCHEME: &str = "arbiter";
 const CERT_QUERY_KEY: &str = "cert";
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[rstest]
 
-    fn test_parsing_correctness(
+    fn parsing_correctness(
         #[values("127.0.0.1", "localhost", "192.168.1.1", "some.domain.com")] host: &str,
 
         #[values(None, Some("token123".to_string()))] bootstrap_token: Option<String>,

server/crates/arbiter-server/Cargo.toml

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ license = "Apache-2.0"
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-diesel = { version = "2.3.7", features = ["chrono", "returning_clauses_for_sqlite_3_35", "serde_json", "time", "uuid"] }
-diesel-async = { version = "0.8.0", features = [
+diesel = { version = "2.3.9", features = ["chrono", "returning_clauses_for_sqlite_3_35", "serde_json", "time", "uuid"] }
+diesel-async = { version = "0.9.0", features = [
     "bb8",
     "migrations",
     "sqlite",
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ diesel-async = { version = "0.8.0", features = [
 ] }
 arbiter-proto.path = "../arbiter-proto"
 arbiter-crypto.path = "../arbiter-crypto"
+arbiter-macros.path = "../arbiter-macros"
 tracing.workspace = true
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
 tonic.workspace = true
@@ -26,17 +27,12 @@ tokio.workspace = true
 rustls.workspace = true
 smlang.workspace = true
 thiserror.workspace = true
-fatality = "0.1.1"
-diesel_migrations = { version = "2.3.1", features = ["sqlite"] }
+diesel_migrations = { version = "2.3.2", features = ["sqlite"] }
 async-trait.workspace = true
-secrecy = "0.10.3"
-futures.workspace = true
 tokio-stream.workspace = true
-dashmap = "6.1.0"
 rand.workspace = true
 rcgen.workspace = true
 chrono.workspace = true
-zeroize = { version = "1.8.2", features = ["std", "simd"] }
 kameo.workspace = true
 chacha20poly1305 = { version = "0.10.1", features = ["std"] }
 argon2 = { version = "0.5.3", features = ["zeroize"] }
@@ -44,24 +40,24 @@ restructed = "0.2.2"
 strum = { version = "0.28.0", features = ["derive"] }
 pem = "3.0.6"
 sha2.workspace = true
-hmac = "0.12"
-spki.workspace = true
+hmac.workspace = true
 alloy.workspace = true
 prost-types.workspace = true
-prost.workspace = true
 arbiter-tokens-registry.path = "../arbiter-tokens-registry"
 anyhow = "1.0.102"
-serde_with = "3.18.0"
 mutants.workspace = true
 subtle = "2.6.1"
-ml-dsa.workspace = true
-ed25519-dalek.workspace = true
 x25519-dalek.workspace = true
 k256.workspace = true
-kameo_actors = "0.5.0"
+kameo_actors.workspace = true
+vsss-rs = "5.4.0"
+rand_core = "0.6"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-insta = "1.46.3"
 proptest = "1.11.0"
 rstest.workspace = true
 test-log = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["trace"] }
+ml-dsa.workspace = true
+
+[lib]
+doctest = false

server/crates/arbiter-server/migrations/2026-02-14-171124-0000_init/up.sql

@@ -43,15 +43,25 @@ create table if not exists arbiter_settings (
 insert into arbiter_settings (id) values (1) on conflict do nothing;
 -- ensure singleton row exists
 
-create table if not exists useragent_client (
+create table if not exists operator_identity (
     id integer not null primary key,
-    nonce integer not null default(1), -- used for auth challenge
     public_key blob not null,
-    key_type integer not null default(1),
     created_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now')),
     updated_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now'))
 ) STRICT;
-create unique index if not exists uniq_useragent_client_public_key on useragent_client (public_key, key_type);
+create unique index if not exists uniq_operator_identity_public_key on operator_identity (public_key);
+
+create table if not exists operator (
+    id integer primary key references operator_identity(id) on delete restrict, -- same id as operator_identity
+
+    share blob not null,
+    share_nonce blob not null,
+    share_salt blob not null default (randomblob(32)),
+
+    created_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now')),
+    updated_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now'))
+
+) STRICT;
 
 create table if not exists client_metadata (
     id integer not null primary key,
@@ -73,7 +83,6 @@ create unique index if not exists uniq_metadata_binding_client on client_metadat
 
 create table if not exists program_client (
     id integer not null primary key,
-    nonce integer not null default(1), -- used for auth challenge
     public_key blob not null,
     metadata_id integer not null references client_metadata (id) on delete cascade,
     created_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now')),
@@ -207,3 +216,24 @@ create table if not exists integrity_envelope (
 ) STRICT;
 
 create unique index if not exists uniq_integrity_envelope_entity on integrity_envelope (entity_kind, entity_id);
+
+create table if not exists proposal (
+    id           integer not null primary key,
+    kind         text    not null,
+    payload      blob    not null,
+    initiator_id integer not null references operator_identity(id) on delete restrict,
+    created_at   integer not null default(unixepoch('now')),
+    expires_at   integer not null,
+    status       text    not null default 'pending'
+        check (status in ('pending', 'approved', 'rejected', 'expired'))
+) STRICT;
+
+create table if not exists proposal_vote (
+    id          integer not null primary key,
+    proposal_id integer not null references proposal(id) on delete cascade,
+    operator_id integer not null references operator_identity(id) on delete restrict,
+    approve     integer not null check (approve in (0, 1)),
+    signature   blob    not null,
+    voted_at    integer not null default(unixepoch('now')),
+    unique (proposal_id, operator_id)
+) STRICT;

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/bootstrap.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
+use crate::db::{self, DatabasePool, schema};
 use arbiter_proto::{BOOTSTRAP_PATH, home_path};
+
 use diesel::QueryDsl;
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 use kameo::{Actor, messages};
-
 use rand::{RngExt, distr::Alphanumeric, make_rng, rngs::StdRng};
 use subtle::ConstantTimeEq as _;
 use thiserror::Error;
 
-use crate::db::{self, DatabasePool, schema};
 const TOKEN_LENGTH: usize = 64;
 
 pub async fn generate_token() -> Result<String, std::io::Error> {
     let rng: StdRng = make_rng();
 
-    let token: String = rng.sample_iter(Alphanumeric).take(TOKEN_LENGTH).fold(
-        Default::default(),
+    let token = rng.sample_iter(Alphanumeric).take(TOKEN_LENGTH).fold(
+        String::default(),
         |mut accum, char| {
             accum += char.to_string().as_str();
             accum
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Database error: {0}")]
     Database(#[from] db::PoolError),
 
-    #[error("Database query error: {0}")]
-    Query(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
-
     #[error("I/O error: {0}")]
     Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+
+    #[error("Database query error: {0}")]
+    Query(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
 }
 
 #[derive(Actor)]
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl Bootstrapper {
         let row_count: i64 = {
             let mut conn = db.get().await?;
 
-            schema::useragent_client::table
+            schema::operator::table
                 .count()
                 .get_result(&mut conn)
                 .await?
@@ -69,16 +69,13 @@ impl Bootstrapper {
 impl Bootstrapper {
     #[message]
     pub fn is_correct_token(&self, token: String) -> bool {
-        match &self.token {
-            Some(expected) => {
-                let expected_bytes = expected.as_bytes();
-                let token_bytes = token.as_bytes();
+        self.token.as_ref().is_some_and(|expected| {
+            let expected_bytes = expected.as_bytes();
+            let token_bytes = token.as_bytes();
 
-                let choice = expected_bytes.ct_eq(token_bytes);
-                bool::from(choice)
-            }
-            None => false,
-        }
+            let choice = expected_bytes.ct_eq(token_bytes);
+            bool::from(choice)
+        })
     }
 
     #[message]

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/evm/mod.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,9 @@
-use alloy::{consensus::TxEip1559, primitives::Address, signers::Signature};
-use diesel::{
-    ExpressionMethods, OptionalExtension as _, QueryDsl, SelectableHelper as _, dsl::insert_into,
-};
-use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
-use kameo::{Actor, actor::ActorRef, messages};
-use rand::{SeedableRng, rng, rngs::StdRng};
-
 use crate::{
     actors::vault::{CreateNew, Decrypt, Vault},
     crypto::integrity,
     db::{
         DatabaseError, DatabasePool,
-        models::{self},
+        models::{self, EvmWalletId},
         schema,
     },
     evm::{
@@ -24,6 +16,16 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 
+use alloy::{
+    consensus::TxEip1559, network::TxSignerSync as _, primitives::Address, signers::Signature,
+};
+use diesel::{
+    ExpressionMethods, OptionalExtension as _, QueryDsl, SelectableHelper as _, dsl::insert_into,
+};
+use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
+use kameo::{Actor, actor::ActorRef, messages};
+use rand::{SeedableRng, rng, rngs::StdRng};
+
 pub use crate::evm::safe_signer;
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ impl EvmActor {
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub async fn list_wallets(&self) -> Result<Vec<(i32, Address)>, Error> {
+    pub async fn list_wallets(&self) -> Result<Vec<(EvmWalletId, Address)>, Error> {
         let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
         let rows: Vec<models::EvmWallet> = schema::evm_wallet::table
             .select(models::EvmWallet::as_select())
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ impl EvmActor {
 #[messages]
 impl EvmActor {
     #[message]
-    pub async fn useragent_create_grant(
+    pub async fn operator_create_grant(
         &mut self,
         basic: SharedGrantSettings,
         grant: SpecificGrant,
@@ -158,32 +160,27 @@ impl EvmActor {
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub async fn useragent_delete_grant(&mut self, _grant_id: i32) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        // let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
-        // let vault = self.vault.clone();
+    pub async fn operator_delete_grant(&mut self, grant_id: i32) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
 
-        // diesel_async::AsyncConnection::transaction(&mut conn, |conn| {
-        //     Box::pin(async move {
-        //         diesel::update(schema::evm_basic_grant::table)
-        //             .filter(schema::evm_basic_grant::id.eq(grant_id))
-        //             .set(schema::evm_basic_grant::revoked_at.eq(SqliteTimestamp::now()))
-        //             .execute(conn)
-        //             .await?;
+        let affected = diesel::update(schema::evm_basic_grant::table)
+            .filter(schema::evm_basic_grant::id.eq(grant_id))
+            .set(schema::evm_basic_grant::revoked_at.eq(models::SqliteTimestamp::now()))
+            .execute(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
 
-        //         let signed = integrity::evm::load_signed_grant_by_basic_id(conn, grant_id).await?;
+        if affected == 0 {
+            return Err(Error::Database(DatabaseError::from(
+                diesel::result::Error::NotFound,
+            )));
+        }
 
-        //         diesel::result::QueryResult::Ok(())
-        //     })
-        // })
-        // .await
-        // .map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
-
-        // Ok(())
-        todo!()
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub async fn useragent_list_grants(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<Grant<SpecificGrant>>, Error> {
+    pub async fn operator_list_grants(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<Grant<SpecificGrant>>, Error> {
         match self.engine.list_all_grants().await {
             Ok(grants) => Ok(grants),
             Err(ListError::Database(db_err)) => Err(Error::Database(db_err)),
@@ -267,7 +264,6 @@ impl EvmActor {
             .evaluate_transaction(wallet_access, transaction.clone(), RunKind::Execution)
             .await?;
 
-        use alloy::network::TxSignerSync as _;
         Ok(signer.sign_transaction_sync(&mut transaction)?)
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/flow_coordinator/client_connect_approval.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,26 @@
-use std::ops::ControlFlow;
+use crate::{
+    actors::flow_coordinator::ApprovalError,
+    peers::{
+        client::ClientProfile,
+        operator::{OperatorSession, session::BeginNewClientApproval},
+    },
+};
 
 use kameo::{
     Actor, messages,
     prelude::{ActorId, ActorRef, ActorStopReason, Context, WeakActorRef},
     reply::ReplySender,
 };
-
-use crate::{
-    actors::flow_coordinator::ApprovalError,
-    peers::{
-        client::ClientProfile,
-        user_agent::{UserAgentSession, session::BeginNewClientApproval},
-    },
-};
+use std::ops::ControlFlow;
 
 pub struct Args {
     pub client: ClientProfile,
-    pub user_agents: Vec<ActorRef<UserAgentSession>>,
+    pub operators: Vec<ActorRef<OperatorSession>>,
     pub reply: ReplySender<Result<bool, ApprovalError>>,
 }
 
 pub struct ClientApprovalController {
-    /// Number of UAs that have not yet responded (approval or denial) or died.
+    /// Number of operators that have not yet responded (approval or denial) or died.
     pending: usize,
     /// Number of approvals received so far.
     approved: usize,
@@ -43,20 +42,21 @@ impl Actor for ClientApprovalController {
     async fn on_start(
         Args {
             client,
-            mut user_agents,
+            operators,
             reply,
         }: Self::Args,
         actor_ref: ActorRef<Self>,
     ) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let this = Self {
-            pending: user_agents.len(),
+            pending: operators.len(),
             approved: 0,
             reply: Some(reply),
         };
 
-        for user_agent in user_agents.drain(..) {
-            actor_ref.link(&user_agent).await;
-            let _ = user_agent
+        for operator in operators {
+            actor_ref.link(&operator).await;
+
+            let _ = operator
                 .tell(BeginNewClientApproval {
                     client: client.clone(),
                     controller: actor_ref.clone(),
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ impl Actor for ClientApprovalController {
         _: ActorId,
         _: ActorStopReason,
     ) -> Result<ControlFlow<ActorStopReason>, Self::Error> {
-        // A linked UA died before responding — counts as a non-approval.
+        // A linked operator died before responding — counts as a non-approval.
         self.pending = self.pending.saturating_sub(1);
         if self.pending == 0 {
-            // At least one UA didn't approve: deny.
+            // At least one operator didn't approve: deny.
             self.send_reply(Ok(false));
             return Ok(ControlFlow::Break(ActorStopReason::Normal));
         }
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ impl Actor for ClientApprovalController {
 #[messages]
 impl ClientApprovalController {
     #[message(ctx)]
-    pub async fn client_approval_answer(&mut self, approved: bool, ctx: &mut Context<Self, ()>) {
+    pub fn client_approval_answer(&mut self, approved: bool, ctx: &mut Context<Self, ()>) {
         if !approved {
             // Denial wins immediately regardless of other pending responses.
             self.send_reply(Ok(false));
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl ClientApprovalController {
         self.pending = self.pending.saturating_sub(1);
 
         if self.pending == 0 {
-            // Every connected UA approved.
+            // Every connected operator approved.
             self.send_reply(Ok(true));
             ctx.stop();
         }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/flow_coordinator/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, ops::ControlFlow};
+use crate::{
+    actors::{
+        flow_coordinator::client_connect_approval::ClientApprovalController,
+        operator_registry::{GetConnected, OperatorRegistry},
+    },
+    peers::client::{ClientProfile, session::ClientSession},
+};
 
 use kameo::{
     Actor,
@@ -7,22 +13,23 @@ use kameo::{
     prelude::{ActorStopReason, Context, WeakActorRef},
     reply::DelegatedReply,
 };
+use std::{collections::HashMap, ops::ControlFlow};
 use tracing::info;
 
-use crate::{
-    actors::flow_coordinator::client_connect_approval::ClientApprovalController,
-    peers::{
-        client::{ClientProfile, session::ClientSession},
-        user_agent::UserAgentSession,
-    },
-};
-
 pub mod client_connect_approval;
 
-#[derive(Default)]
 pub struct FlowCoordinator {
-    pub user_agents: HashMap<ActorId, ActorRef<UserAgentSession>>,
     pub clients: HashMap<ActorId, ActorRef<ClientSession>>,
+    operator_registry: ActorRef<OperatorRegistry>,
+}
+
+impl FlowCoordinator {
+    pub fn new(operator_registry: ActorRef<OperatorRegistry>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            clients: HashMap::default(),
+            operator_registry,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Actor for FlowCoordinator {
@@ -40,13 +47,7 @@ impl Actor for FlowCoordinator {
         id: ActorId,
         _: ActorStopReason,
     ) -> Result<ControlFlow<ActorStopReason>, Self::Error> {
-        if self.user_agents.remove(&id).is_some() {
-            info!(
-                ?id,
-                actor = "FlowCoordinator",
-                event = "useragent.disconnected"
-            );
-        } else if self.clients.remove(&id).is_some() {
+        if self.clients.remove(&id).is_some() {
             info!(
                 ?id,
                 actor = "FlowCoordinator",
@@ -65,23 +66,12 @@ impl Actor for FlowCoordinator {
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum ApprovalError {
-    #[error("No user agents connected")]
-    NoUserAgentsConnected,
+    #[error("No operators connected")]
+    NoOperatorsConnected,
 }
 
 #[messages]
 impl FlowCoordinator {
-    #[message(ctx)]
-    pub async fn register_user_agent(
-        &mut self,
-        actor: ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
-        ctx: &mut Context<Self, ()>,
-    ) {
-        info!(id = %actor.id(), actor = "FlowCoordinator", event = "useragent.connected");
-        ctx.actor_ref().link(&actor).await;
-        self.user_agents.insert(actor.id(), actor);
-    }
-
     #[message(ctx)]
     pub async fn register_client(
         &mut self,
@@ -103,15 +93,19 @@ impl FlowCoordinator {
             unreachable!("Expected `request_client_approval` to have callback channel");
         };
 
-        let refs: Vec<_> = self.user_agents.values().cloned().collect();
+        let Ok(refs) = self.operator_registry.ask(GetConnected).await else {
+            reply_sender.send(Err(ApprovalError::NoOperatorsConnected));
+            return reply;
+        };
+
         if refs.is_empty() {
-            reply_sender.send(Err(ApprovalError::NoUserAgentsConnected));
+            reply_sender.send(Err(ApprovalError::NoOperatorsConnected));
             return reply;
         }
 
         ClientApprovalController::spawn(client_connect_approval::Args {
             client,
-            user_agents: refs,
+            operators: refs,
             reply: reply_sender,
         });
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/mod.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,23 @@
-use kameo::actor::{ActorRef, Spawn};
-use kameo_actors::{DeliveryStrategy, message_bus::MessageBus};
-use thiserror::Error;
-
 use crate::{
     actors::{
-        bootstrap::Bootstrapper, evm::EvmActor, flow_coordinator::FlowCoordinator, vault::Vault,
+        bootstrap::Bootstrapper, evm::EvmActor, flow_coordinator::FlowCoordinator,
+        operator_registry::OperatorRegistry, proposal_manager::ProposalManager, vault::Vault,
+        vault_coordinator::VaultCoordinator,
     },
     db,
 };
 
+use kameo::actor::{ActorRef, Spawn};
+use kameo_actors::{DeliveryStrategy, message_bus::MessageBus};
+use thiserror::Error;
+
 pub mod bootstrap;
 pub mod evm;
 pub mod flow_coordinator;
+pub mod operator_registry;
+pub mod proposal_manager;
 pub mod vault;
-pub mod useragent_registry;
+pub mod vault_coordinator;
 
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
 pub enum SpawnError {
@@ -29,8 +33,11 @@ pub enum SpawnError {
 pub struct GlobalActors {
     pub vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
     pub bootstrapper: ActorRef<Bootstrapper>,
+    pub vault_coordinator: ActorRef<VaultCoordinator>,
     pub flow_coordinator: ActorRef<FlowCoordinator>,
+    pub operator_registry: ActorRef<OperatorRegistry>,
     pub evm: ActorRef<EvmActor>,
+    pub proposal_manager: ActorRef<ProposalManager>,
     pub events: ActorRef<MessageBus>,
 }
 
@@ -42,11 +49,23 @@ impl GlobalActors {
     pub async fn spawn(db: db::DatabasePool) -> Result<Self, SpawnError> {
         let message_bus = Self::spawn_message_bus();
         let key_holder = Vault::spawn(Vault::new(db.clone(), message_bus.clone()).await?);
+        let operator_registry = OperatorRegistry::spawn(OperatorRegistry::default());
         Ok(Self {
             bootstrapper: Bootstrapper::spawn(Bootstrapper::new(&db).await?),
-            evm: EvmActor::spawn(EvmActor::new(key_holder.clone(), db)),
+            evm: EvmActor::spawn(EvmActor::new(key_holder.clone(), db.clone())),
+            vault_coordinator: VaultCoordinator::spawn(VaultCoordinator::new(
+                db.clone(),
+                key_holder.clone(),
+            )),
+            proposal_manager: ProposalManager::spawn(ProposalManager::new(
+                db,
+                key_holder.clone(),
+            )),
             vault: key_holder,
-            flow_coordinator: FlowCoordinator::spawn(FlowCoordinator::default()),
+            flow_coordinator: FlowCoordinator::spawn(FlowCoordinator::new(
+                operator_registry.clone(),
+            )),
+            operator_registry,
             events: message_bus,
         })
     }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/operator_registry.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+use crate::peers::operator::OperatorSession;
+
+use kameo::{
+    Actor,
+    actor::{ActorId, ActorRef},
+    error::Infallible,
+    messages,
+    prelude::{ActorStopReason, Context, WeakActorRef},
+};
+use std::{collections::HashMap, ops::ControlFlow};
+use tracing::info;
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct OperatorRegistry {
+    connected: HashMap<ActorId, ActorRef<OperatorSession>>,
+}
+
+impl Actor for OperatorRegistry {
+    type Args = Self;
+
+    type Error = Infallible;
+
+    async fn on_start(args: Self::Args, _: ActorRef<Self>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(args)
+    }
+
+    async fn on_link_died(
+        &mut self,
+        _: WeakActorRef<Self>,
+        id: ActorId,
+        _: ActorStopReason,
+    ) -> Result<ControlFlow<ActorStopReason>, Self::Error> {
+        if self.connected.remove(&id).is_some() {
+            info!(
+                ?id,
+                actor = "OperatorRegistry",
+                event = "operator.disconnected"
+            );
+        }
+        Ok(ControlFlow::Continue(()))
+    }
+}
+
+#[messages]
+impl OperatorRegistry {
+    #[message(ctx)]
+    pub async fn connect_operator(
+        &mut self,
+        actor: ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+        ctx: &mut Context<Self, ()>,
+    ) {
+        info!(id = %actor.id(), actor = "OperatorRegistry", event = "operator.connected");
+        ctx.actor_ref().link(&actor).await;
+        self.connected.insert(actor.id(), actor);
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub fn get_connected(&self) -> Vec<ActorRef<OperatorSession>> {
+        self.connected.values().cloned().collect()
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/proposal_manager.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+use crate::{
+    actors::vault::Vault,
+    db::{
+        self,
+        models::{NewProposal, NewProposalVote, Proposal, ProposalStatus, SqliteTimestamp},
+        schema,
+    },
+};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl};
+use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
+use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, messages};
+use tracing::{error, warn};
+
+pub const DEFAULT_TTL_SECS: i64 = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60; // 7 days
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum ProposalKind {
+    ApproveSdkClient { client_id: i32 },
+}
+
+impl ProposalKind {
+    pub const fn kind_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::ApproveSdkClient { .. } => "approve_sdk_client",
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn encode_payload(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        match self {
+            Self::ApproveSdkClient { client_id } => client_id.to_be_bytes().to_vec(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn decode(kind: &str, payload: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        match kind {
+            "approve_sdk_client" => {
+                let bytes = <[u8; 4]>::try_from(payload)
+                    .map_err(|_| "invalid payload for approve_sdk_client".to_owned())?;
+                Ok(Self::ApproveSdkClient {
+                    client_id: i32::from_be_bytes(bytes),
+                })
+            }
+            other => Err(format!("unknown proposal kind: {other}")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum VoteOutcome {
+    Pending,
+    QuorumApproved,
+    QuorumRejected,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum Error {
+    #[error("Proposal not found")]
+    ProposalNotFound,
+    #[error("Proposal is not pending")]
+    ProposalNotPending,
+    #[error("Operator already voted on this proposal")]
+    AlreadyVoted,
+    #[error("Invalid vote signature")]
+    InvalidSignature,
+    #[error("Operator not found")]
+    OperatorNotFound,
+    #[error("Database connection error: {0}")]
+    DatabaseConnection(#[from] db::PoolError),
+    #[error("Database query error: {0}")]
+    DatabaseQuery(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
+    #[error("Execution failed: {0}")]
+    ExecutionFailed(String),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ProposalSummary {
+    pub id: i32,
+    pub kind: String,
+    pub initiator_id: i32,
+    pub expires_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+    pub approve_count: i64,
+    pub reject_count: i64,
+}
+
+pub struct ProposalManager {
+    pub(crate) db: db::DatabasePool,
+    pub(crate) vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+}
+
+impl ProposalManager {
+    pub const fn new(db: db::DatabasePool, vault: ActorRef<Vault>) -> Self {
+        Self { db, vault }
+    }
+}
+
+impl kameo::Actor for ProposalManager {
+    type Args = Self;
+    type Error = ();
+
+    async fn on_start(
+        args: Self::Args,
+        actor_ref: ActorRef<Self>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let weak = actor_ref.downgrade();
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            loop {
+                tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_hours(1)).await;
+                match weak.upgrade() {
+                    Some(r) => {
+                        let _ = r.ask(ExpireStale).await;
+                    }
+                    None => break,
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        Ok(args)
+    }
+}
+
+#[messages]
+impl ProposalManager {
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn create_proposal(
+        &mut self,
+        kind: ProposalKind,
+        initiator_id: i32,
+        ttl_secs: Option<i64>,
+    ) -> Result<i32, Error> {
+        let ttl = ttl_secs.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_TTL_SECS);
+        let expires_at = SqliteTimestamp::from(Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::seconds(ttl));
+
+        let new_proposal = NewProposal {
+            kind: kind.kind_str().to_owned(),
+            payload: kind.encode_payload(),
+            initiator_id,
+            expires_at,
+        };
+
+        let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
+        let id: i32 = diesel::insert_into(schema::proposal::table)
+            .values(&new_proposal)
+            .returning(schema::proposal::id)
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(id)
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn query_pending(&mut self, operator_id: i32) -> Vec<ProposalSummary> {
+        #[expect(
+            clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+            clippy::as_conversions,
+            reason = "fixme! #84; this will break in 2038"
+        )]
+        let now_ts = Utc::now().timestamp() as i32;
+
+        let Ok(mut conn) = self.db.get().await else {
+            warn!("query_pending: failed to acquire DB connection");
+            return vec![];
+        };
+
+        let voted_ids: Vec<i32> = schema::proposal_vote::table
+            .filter(schema::proposal_vote::operator_id.eq(operator_id))
+            .select(schema::proposal_vote::proposal_id)
+            .load(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        let proposals: Vec<Proposal> = schema::proposal::table
+            .filter(schema::proposal::status.eq(ProposalStatus::Pending))
+            .filter(schema::proposal::expires_at.gt(now_ts))
+            .filter(diesel::dsl::not(schema::proposal::id.eq_any(&voted_ids)))
+            .load(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        let mut summaries = Vec::with_capacity(proposals.len());
+        for p in proposals {
+            let approve_count: i64 = schema::proposal_vote::table
+                .filter(schema::proposal_vote::proposal_id.eq(p.id))
+                .filter(schema::proposal_vote::approve.eq(true))
+                .count()
+                .get_result(&mut conn)
+                .await
+                .unwrap_or(0);
+            let reject_count: i64 = schema::proposal_vote::table
+                .filter(schema::proposal_vote::proposal_id.eq(p.id))
+                .filter(schema::proposal_vote::approve.eq(false))
+                .count()
+                .get_result(&mut conn)
+                .await
+                .unwrap_or(0);
+            summaries.push(ProposalSummary {
+                id: p.id,
+                kind: p.kind,
+                initiator_id: p.initiator_id,
+                expires_at: p.expires_at,
+                approve_count,
+                reject_count,
+            });
+        }
+        summaries
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn expire_stale(&mut self) -> usize {
+        #[expect(
+            clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+            clippy::as_conversions,
+            reason = "fixme! #84; this will break in 2038"
+        )]
+        let now_ts = Utc::now().timestamp() as i32;
+
+        let Ok(mut conn) = self.db.get().await else {
+            warn!("expire_stale: failed to acquire DB connection");
+            return 0;
+        };
+
+        diesel::update(schema::proposal::table)
+            .filter(schema::proposal::status.eq(ProposalStatus::Pending))
+            .filter(schema::proposal::expires_at.lt(now_ts))
+            .set(schema::proposal::status.eq(ProposalStatus::Expired))
+            .execute(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .unwrap_or(0)
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn cast_vote(
+        &mut self,
+        proposal_id: i32,
+        operator_id: i32,
+        approve: bool,
+        signature: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<VoteOutcome, Error> {
+        use arbiter_crypto::authn::{self, GOVERNANCE_CONTEXT};
+
+        let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
+
+        // Load proposal — must exist
+        let proposal: Proposal = schema::proposal::table
+            .find(proposal_id)
+            .first(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| match e {
+                diesel::result::Error::NotFound => Error::ProposalNotFound,
+                other => Error::DatabaseQuery(other),
+            })?;
+
+        // Check for duplicate vote before status check so AlreadyVoted takes priority
+        let existing: i64 = schema::proposal_vote::table
+            .filter(schema::proposal_vote::proposal_id.eq(proposal_id))
+            .filter(schema::proposal_vote::operator_id.eq(operator_id))
+            .count()
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+        if existing > 0 {
+            return Err(Error::AlreadyVoted);
+        }
+
+        if proposal.status != ProposalStatus::Pending {
+            return Err(Error::ProposalNotPending);
+        }
+
+        // Load operator public key from operator_identity
+        let pubkey_bytes: Vec<u8> = schema::operator_identity::table
+            .find(operator_id)
+            .select(schema::operator_identity::public_key)
+            .first(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| match e {
+                diesel::result::Error::NotFound => Error::OperatorNotFound,
+                other => Error::DatabaseQuery(other),
+            })?;
+
+        let pubkey = authn::PublicKey::try_from(pubkey_bytes.as_slice())
+            .map_err(|()| Error::InvalidSignature)?;
+
+        // Canonical vote message: proposal_id (i64 big-endian) || approve (u8)
+        let mut vote_msg = Vec::with_capacity(9);
+        vote_msg.extend_from_slice(&i64::from(proposal_id).to_be_bytes());
+        vote_msg.push(u8::from(approve));
+
+        let auth_sig = authn::Signature::try_from(signature.as_slice())
+            .map_err(|()| Error::InvalidSignature)?;
+
+        if !pubkey.verify_message(&vote_msg, GOVERNANCE_CONTEXT, &auth_sig) {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidSignature);
+        }
+
+        // Insert vote
+        diesel::insert_into(schema::proposal_vote::table)
+            .values(&NewProposalVote {
+                proposal_id,
+                operator_id,
+                approve,
+                signature,
+            })
+            .execute(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+
+        // Quorum check
+        let total_operators: i64 = schema::operator_identity::table
+            .count()
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+        #[expect(
+            clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+            clippy::cast_sign_loss,
+            clippy::as_conversions,
+            reason = "operator count is always a small positive integer"
+        )]
+        let threshold = crate::crypto::shamir::shamir_threshold(total_operators as usize);
+
+        let approve_count: i64 = schema::proposal_vote::table
+            .filter(schema::proposal_vote::proposal_id.eq(proposal_id))
+            .filter(schema::proposal_vote::approve.eq(true))
+            .count()
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+
+        let reject_count: i64 = schema::proposal_vote::table
+            .filter(schema::proposal_vote::proposal_id.eq(proposal_id))
+            .filter(schema::proposal_vote::approve.eq(false))
+            .count()
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+
+        #[expect(
+            clippy::cast_possible_wrap,
+            clippy::as_conversions,
+            reason = "threshold is derived from operator count, always fits i64"
+        )]
+        let threshold_i64 = threshold as i64;
+
+        if approve_count >= threshold_i64 {
+            diesel::update(schema::proposal::table.find(proposal_id))
+                .set(schema::proposal::status.eq(ProposalStatus::Approved))
+                .execute(&mut conn)
+                .await?;
+            drop(conn); // release connection before async execution
+            self.execute_proposal(&proposal).await?;
+            return Ok(VoteOutcome::QuorumApproved);
+        }
+
+        if reject_count > total_operators - threshold_i64 {
+            diesel::update(schema::proposal::table.find(proposal_id))
+                .set(schema::proposal::status.eq(ProposalStatus::Rejected))
+                .execute(&mut conn)
+                .await?;
+            return Ok(VoteOutcome::QuorumRejected);
+        }
+
+        Ok(VoteOutcome::Pending)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ProposalManager {
+    async fn execute_proposal(&self, proposal: &Proposal) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let kind = ProposalKind::decode(&proposal.kind, &proposal.payload)
+            .map_err(Error::ExecutionFailed)?;
+        match kind {
+            ProposalKind::ApproveSdkClient { client_id } => {
+                self.execute_approve_sdk_client(client_id).await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn execute_approve_sdk_client(&self, client_id: i32) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        use arbiter_crypto::authn;
+        use crate::{
+            crypto::integrity,
+            peers::client::ClientCredentials,
+        };
+
+        let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(Error::DatabaseConnection)?;
+
+        let pubkey_bytes: Vec<u8> = schema::program_client::table
+            .find(client_id)
+            .select(schema::program_client::public_key)
+            .first(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| Error::ExecutionFailed(format!("client not found: {e}")))?;
+
+        let pubkey = authn::PublicKey::try_from(pubkey_bytes.as_slice())
+            .map_err(|()| Error::ExecutionFailed("invalid client public key".to_owned()))?;
+
+        let creds = ClientCredentials { pubkey };
+
+        integrity::sign_entity(&mut conn, &self.vault, &creds, client_id)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                error!(?e, "Failed to sign integrity envelope for client");
+                Error::ExecutionFailed(e.to_string())
+            })
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/useragent_registry.rs

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-use alloy::primitives::map::HashMap;
-use arbiter_crypto::authn;
-use kameo::{error::Infallible, prelude::*};
-
-use crate::{db::DatabasePool, peers::user_agent::{Credentials, UserAgentSession}};
-
-use super::vault::{Vault, events as vault_events};
-
-pub struct Args {
-    pub vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
-    pub pool: DatabasePool,
-}
-
-pub struct UserAgentRegistry {
-    vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
-    pool: DatabasePool,
-    connected: HashMap<Credentials, ActorRef<UserAgentSession>>,
-}
-
-impl Message<vault_events::Bootstrapped> for UserAgentRegistry {
-    type Reply = ();
-
-    async fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: vault_events::Bootstrapped,
-        ctx: &mut Context<Self, Self::Reply>,
-    ) -> Self::Reply {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Message<vault_events::Unsealed> for UserAgentRegistry {
-    type Reply = ();
-
-    async fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: vault_events::Unsealed,
-        ctx: &mut Context<Self, Self::Reply>,
-    ) -> Self::Reply {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-impl Actor for UserAgentRegistry {
-    type Args = Args;
-
-    type Error = Infallible;
-
-    async fn on_start(args: Self::Args, actor_ref: ActorRef<Self>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            vault: args.vault,
-            pool: args.pool,
-            connected: HashMap::default(),
-        })
-    }
-
-    
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/vault/mod.rs

@@ -1,29 +1,30 @@
+use crate::{
+    crypto::{
+        KeyCell,
+        encryption::v1::{self, Nonce},
+        integrity::v1::HmacSha256,
+    },
+    db::{
+        self,
+        models::{self, RootKeyHistory, RootKeyHistoryId},
+        schema,
+    },
+};
+use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+
 use chrono::Utc;
 use diesel::{
     ExpressionMethods as _, OptionalExtension, QueryDsl, SelectableHelper,
     dsl::{insert_into, update},
 };
 use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
-use hmac::Mac as _;
+use hmac::{KeyInit as _, Mac as _};
 use kameo::{Actor, Reply, actor::ActorRef, messages};
 use kameo_actors::message_bus::{MessageBus, Publish};
 use strum::{EnumDiscriminants, IntoDiscriminant};
 use tracing::{error, info};
 
-use crate::crypto::{
-    KeyCell, derive_key,
-    encryption::v1::{self, Nonce},
-    integrity::v1::HmacSha256,
-};
-use crate::db::{
-    self,
-    models::{self, RootKeyHistory},
-    schema::{self},
-};
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
-
 pub mod events {
-
     #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
     pub struct Bootstrapped;
 
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ pub enum Error {
 }
 
 struct Unsealed {
-    root_key_history_id: i32,
+    root_key_history_id: RootKeyHistoryId,
     root_key: KeyCell,
 }
 
@@ -71,13 +72,15 @@ struct Unsealed {
 enum State {
     #[default]
     Unbootstrapped,
+
     Sealed {
-        root_key_history_id: i32,
+        root_key_history_id: RootKeyHistoryId,
     },
     Unsealed(Unsealed),
 }
 
 /// Manages vault root key and tracks current state of the vault (bootstrapped/unbootstrapped, sealed/unsealed).
+///
 /// Provides API for encrypting and decrypting data using the vault root key.
 /// Abstraction over database to make sure nonces are never reused and encryption keys are never exposed in plaintext outside of this actor.
 #[derive(Actor)]
@@ -87,7 +90,6 @@ pub struct Vault {
     events: ActorRef<MessageBus>,
 }
 
-#[messages]
 impl Vault {
     pub async fn new(db: db::DatabasePool, events: ActorRef<MessageBus>) -> Result<Self, Error> {
         let state = {
@@ -110,100 +112,105 @@ impl Vault {
         Ok(Self { db, state, events })
     }
 
-    // Exclusive transaction to avoid race condtions if multiple vaults write
+    // Exclusive transaction to avoid race conditions if multiple vaults write
     // additional layer of protection against nonce-reuse
-    async fn get_new_nonce(pool: &db::DatabasePool, root_key_id: i32) -> Result<Nonce, Error> {
+    async fn get_new_nonce(
+        pool: &db::DatabasePool,
+        root_key_id: RootKeyHistoryId,
+    ) -> Result<Nonce, Error> {
         let mut conn = pool.get().await?;
 
         let nonce = conn
-            .exclusive_transaction(|conn| {
-                Box::pin(async move {
-                    let current_nonce: Vec<u8> = schema::root_key_history::table
-                        .filter(schema::root_key_history::id.eq(root_key_id))
-                        .select(schema::root_key_history::data_encryption_nonce)
-                        .first(conn)
-                        .await?;
+            .exclusive_transaction(async |conn| {
+                let current_nonce: Vec<u8> = schema::root_key_history::table
+                    .filter(schema::root_key_history::id.eq(root_key_id))
+                    .select(schema::root_key_history::data_encryption_nonce)
+                    .first(&mut *conn)
+                    .await?;
 
-                    let mut nonce = Nonce::try_from(current_nonce.as_slice()).map_err(|_| {
-                        error!(
-                            "Broken database: invalid nonce for root key history id={}",
-                            root_key_id
-                        );
-                        Error::BrokenDatabase
-                    })?;
-                    nonce.increment();
+                let mut nonce = Nonce::try_from(current_nonce.as_slice()).map_err(|()| {
+                    error!(
+                        "Broken database: invalid nonce for root key history id={:#?}",
+                        root_key_id
+                    );
+                    Error::BrokenDatabase
+                })?;
+                nonce.increment();
 
-                    update(schema::root_key_history::table)
-                        .filter(schema::root_key_history::id.eq(root_key_id))
-                        .set(schema::root_key_history::data_encryption_nonce.eq(nonce.to_vec()))
-                        .execute(conn)
-                        .await?;
+                update(schema::root_key_history::table)
+                    .filter(schema::root_key_history::id.eq(root_key_id))
+                    .set(schema::root_key_history::data_encryption_nonce.eq(nonce.to_vec()))
+                    .execute(&mut *conn)
+                    .await?;
 
-                    Result::<_, Error>::Ok(nonce)
-                })
+                Result::<_, Error>::Ok(nonce)
             })
             .await?;
 
         Ok(nonce)
     }
 
-    fn expect_unsealed(state: &mut State) -> Result<&mut Unsealed, Error> {
+    const fn expect_unsealed(state: &mut State) -> Result<&mut Unsealed, Error> {
         match state {
             State::Unsealed(unsealed) => Ok(unsealed),
             State::Unbootstrapped => Err(Error::NotBootstrapped),
             State::Sealed { .. } => Err(Error::Sealed),
         }
     }
+}
 
+#[messages]
+impl Vault {
     #[message]
-    pub async fn bootstrap(&mut self, seal_key_raw: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        if !matches!(self.state, State::Unbootstrapped) {
+    pub async fn bootstrap(&mut self, mut seal_key: KeyCell) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        if !matches!(&self.state, State::Unbootstrapped) {
             return Err(Error::AlreadyBootstrapped);
         }
-        let salt = v1::generate_salt();
-        let mut seal_key = derive_key(seal_key_raw, &salt);
+
         let mut root_key = KeyCell::new_secure_random();
 
         // Zero nonces are fine because they are one-time
         let root_key_nonce = Nonce::default();
         let data_encryption_nonce = Nonce::default();
 
-        let root_key_ciphertext: Vec<u8> = root_key.0.read_inline(|reader| {
-            let root_key_reader = reader.as_slice();
+        // Generate salt (kept for schema compat)
+        let root_key_salt = v1::generate_salt();
+
+        let root_key_ciphertext: Vec<u8> = root_key.0.read_inline(|rk| {
             seal_key
-                .encrypt(&root_key_nonce, v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG, root_key_reader)
+                .encrypt(&root_key_nonce, v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG, rk.as_slice())
                 .map_err(|err| {
                     error!(?err, "Fatal bootstrap error");
                     Error::Encryption(err)
                 })
         })?;
 
+        let data_encryption_nonce_bytes = data_encryption_nonce.to_vec();
         let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
 
-        let data_encryption_nonce_bytes = data_encryption_nonce.to_vec();
         let root_key_history_id = conn
-            .transaction(|conn| {
-                Box::pin(async move {
-                    let root_key_history_id: i32 = insert_into(schema::root_key_history::table)
-                        .values(&models::NewRootKeyHistory {
-                            ciphertext: root_key_ciphertext,
-                            tag: v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG.to_vec(),
-                            root_key_encryption_nonce: root_key_nonce.to_vec(),
-                            data_encryption_nonce: data_encryption_nonce_bytes,
-                            schema_version: 1,
-                            salt: salt.to_vec(),
-                        })
-                        .returning(schema::root_key_history::id)
-                        .get_result(conn)
-                        .await?;
+            .transaction(async |conn| {
+                let root_key_history_id = insert_into(schema::root_key_history::table)
+                    .values(&models::NewRootKeyHistory {
+                        ciphertext: root_key_ciphertext.clone(),
+                        tag: v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG.to_vec(),
+                        root_key_encryption_nonce: root_key_nonce.to_vec(),
+                        data_encryption_nonce: data_encryption_nonce_bytes.clone(),
+                        schema_version: 1,
+                        salt: root_key_salt.to_vec(),
+                    })
+                    .returning(schema::root_key_history::id)
+                    .get_result(&mut *conn)
+                    .await?;
 
-                    update(schema::arbiter_settings::table)
-                        .set(schema::arbiter_settings::root_key_id.eq(root_key_history_id))
-                        .execute(conn)
-                        .await?;
+                update(schema::arbiter_settings::table)
+                    .set(schema::arbiter_settings::root_key_id.eq(root_key_history_id))
+                    .execute(&mut *conn)
+                    .await?;
 
-                    Result::<_, diesel::result::Error>::Ok(root_key_history_id)
-                })
+                Result::<_, diesel::result::Error>::Ok(RootKeyHistoryId::from_raw(
+                    root_key_history_id,
+                ))
             })
             .await?;
 
@@ -213,67 +220,79 @@ impl Vault {
         });
 
         info!("Vault bootstrapped successfully");
-        self.events.tell(Publish(events::Bootstrapped)).await;
+        let _ = self.events.tell(Publish(events::Bootstrapped)).await;
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub async fn try_unseal(&mut self, seal_key_raw: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    pub async fn try_unseal(&mut self, mut seal_key: KeyCell) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let State::Sealed {
             root_key_history_id,
         } = &self.state
         else {
             return Err(Error::NotBootstrapped);
         };
+        let root_key_history_id = *root_key_history_id;
 
-        // We don't want to hold connection while doing expensive KDF work
+        // We don't want to hold connection while doing expensive work
         let current_key = {
             let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
             schema::root_key_history::table
-                .filter(schema::root_key_history::id.eq(*root_key_history_id))
+                .filter(schema::root_key_history::id.eq(root_key_history_id))
                 .select(RootKeyHistory::as_select())
                 .first(&mut conn)
                 .await?
         };
 
-        let salt = &current_key.salt;
-        let salt = v1::Salt::try_from(salt.as_slice()).map_err(|_| {
-            error!("Broken database: invalid salt for root key");
-            Error::BrokenDatabase
-        })?;
-        let mut seal_key = derive_key(seal_key_raw, &salt);
-
-        let mut root_key = SafeCell::new(current_key.ciphertext.clone());
-
-        let nonce = v1::Nonce::try_from(current_key.root_key_encryption_nonce.as_slice()).map_err(
-            |_| {
+        let nonce =
+            Nonce::try_from(current_key.root_key_encryption_nonce.as_slice()).map_err(|()| {
                 error!("Broken database: invalid nonce for root key");
                 Error::BrokenDatabase
-            },
-        )?;
+            })?;
 
+        let mut root_key_bytes = SafeCell::new(current_key.ciphertext.clone());
         seal_key
-            .decrypt_in_place(&nonce, v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG, &mut root_key)
+            .decrypt_in_place(&nonce, v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG, &mut root_key_bytes)
             .map_err(|err| {
                 error!(?err, "Failed to unseal root key: invalid seal key");
                 Error::InvalidKey
             })?;
 
+        let root_key = KeyCell::try_from(root_key_bytes).map_err(|()| {
+            error!("Broken database: invalid encryption key size");
+            Error::BrokenDatabase
+        })?;
+
         self.state = State::Unsealed(Unsealed {
             root_key_history_id: current_key.id,
-            root_key: KeyCell::try_from(root_key).map_err(|err| {
-                error!(?err, "Broken database: invalid encryption key size");
-                Error::BrokenDatabase
-            })?,
+            root_key,
         });
 
         info!("Vault unsealed successfully");
-        self.events.tell(Publish(events::Unsealed)).await;
+        let _ = self.events.tell(Publish(events::Unsealed)).await;
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn seal(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let Unsealed {
+            root_key_history_id,
+            ..
+        } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
+
+        self.state = State::Sealed {
+            root_key_history_id: *root_key_history_id,
+        };
+        let _ = self.events.tell(Publish(events::VaultResealed)).await;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// Server-side cryptographic operations
+#[messages]
+impl Vault {
     #[message]
     pub async fn decrypt(&mut self, aead_id: i32) -> Result<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, Error> {
         let Unsealed { root_key, .. } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
@@ -289,7 +308,7 @@ impl Vault {
                 .ok_or(Error::NotFound)?
         };
 
-        let nonce = v1::Nonce::try_from(row.current_nonce.as_slice()).map_err(|_| {
+        let nonce = Nonce::try_from(row.current_nonce.as_slice()).map_err(|()| {
             error!(
                 "Broken database: invalid nonce for aead_encrypted id={}",
                 aead_id
@@ -342,19 +361,20 @@ impl Vault {
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub fn sign_integrity(&mut self, mac_input: Vec<u8>) -> Result<(i32, Vec<u8>), Error> {
+    pub fn sign_integrity(
+        &mut self,
+        mac_input: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<(RootKeyHistoryId, Vec<u8>), Error> {
         let Unsealed {
             root_key,
             root_key_history_id,
         } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
 
-        let mut hmac = root_key
-            .0
-            .read_inline(|k| match HmacSha256::new_from_slice(k) {
-                Ok(v) => v,
-                Err(_) => unreachable!("HMAC accepts keys of any size"),
-            });
-        hmac.update(&root_key_history_id.to_be_bytes());
+        let mut hmac = root_key.0.read_inline(|k| {
+            HmacSha256::new_from_slice(k)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| unreachable!("HMAC accepts keys of any size"))
+        });
+        hmac.update(&root_key_history_id.to_raw().to_be_bytes());
         hmac.update(&mac_input);
 
         let mac = hmac.finalize().into_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -366,7 +386,7 @@ impl Vault {
         &mut self,
         mac_input: Vec<u8>,
         expected_mac: Vec<u8>,
-        key_version: i32,
+        key_version: RootKeyHistoryId,
     ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
         let Unsealed {
             root_key,
@@ -377,44 +397,21 @@ impl Vault {
             return Ok(false);
         }
 
-        let mut hmac = root_key
-            .0
-            .read_inline(|k| match HmacSha256::new_from_slice(k) {
-                Ok(v) => v,
-                Err(_) => unreachable!("HMAC accepts keys of any size"),
-            });
-        hmac.update(&key_version.to_be_bytes());
+        let mut hmac = root_key.0.read_inline(|k| {
+            HmacSha256::new_from_slice(k)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| unreachable!("HMAC accepts keys of any size"))
+        });
+        hmac.update(&key_version.to_raw().to_be_bytes());
         hmac.update(&mac_input);
 
         Ok(hmac.verify_slice(&expected_mac).is_ok())
     }
-
-    #[message]
-    pub async fn seal(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let Unsealed {
-            root_key_history_id,
-            ..
-        } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
-
-        self.state = State::Sealed {
-            root_key_history_id: *root_key_history_id,
-        };
-        self.events.tell(Publish(events::VaultResealed)).await;
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use diesel::SelectableHelper;
-
-    use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
-
-    use crate::{
-        actors::GlobalActors,
-        db::{self},
-    };
-    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+    use crate::actors::GlobalActors;
+    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::SafeCellHandle as _;
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -422,8 +419,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        let seal_key = SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec());
-        actor.bootstrap(seal_key).await.unwrap();
+        actor.bootstrap(KeyCell::from([0u8; 32])).await.unwrap();
         actor
     }
 
@@ -432,12 +428,12 @@ mod tests {
     async fn nonce_monotonic_even_when_nonce_allocation_interleaves() {
         let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
         let mut actor = bootstrapped_actor(&db).await;
-        let root_key_history_id = match actor.state {
-            State::Unsealed(Unsealed {
-                root_key_history_id,
-                ..
-            }) => root_key_history_id,
-            _ => panic!("expected unsealed state"),
+        let State::Unsealed(Unsealed {
+            root_key_history_id,
+            ..
+        }) = actor.state
+        else {
+            panic!("expected unsealed state");
         };
 
         let n1 = Vault::get_new_nonce(&db, root_key_history_id)
@@ -449,8 +445,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(n2.to_vec() > n1.to_vec(), "nonce must increase");
 
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-        let root_row: models::RootKeyHistory = schema::root_key_history::table
-            .select(models::RootKeyHistory::as_select())
+        let root_row: RootKeyHistory = schema::root_key_history::table
+            .select(RootKeyHistory::as_select())
             .first(&mut conn)
             .await
             .unwrap();

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/vault_coordinator/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl};
+use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
+use kameo::{Actor, actor::ActorRef, messages};
+use rand_core::{OsRng, RngCore as _};
+use tracing::error;
+
+use crate::{
+    actors::vault::{Bootstrap, TryUnseal, Vault},
+    crypto::{KeyCell, derive_key, encryption::v1::Nonce, shamir, shamir::shamir_threshold},
+    db::{self, models, schema},
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum Error {
+    #[error("Already coordinating a bootstrap")]
+    AlreadyBootstrapping,
+    #[error("Already coordinating an unseal")]
+    AlreadyUnsealing,
+    #[error("Bootstrap not in progress")]
+    NotBootstrapping,
+    #[error("Unseal not in progress")]
+    NotUnsealing,
+    #[error("Operator already contributed")]
+    DuplicateContribution,
+    #[error("Operator not found in database")]
+    OperatorNotFound,
+    #[error("Invalid passphrase (decryption failed)")]
+    InvalidPassphrase,
+    #[error("Shamir error: {0}")]
+    Shamir(String),
+    #[error("Database connection error: {0}")]
+    DatabaseConnection(#[from] db::PoolError),
+    #[error("Database query error: {0}")]
+    DatabaseQuery(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
+    #[error("Encryption error")]
+    Encryption,
+    #[error("Vault error")]
+    VaultError,
+    #[error("Broken database")]
+    BrokenDatabase,
+}
+
+// Passphrases stored as plain Vec<u8> (not SafeCell) so CoordinatorState is Sync.
+// They are ephemeral and dropped immediately after use.
+enum CoordinatorState {
+    Idle,
+    Bootstrapping {
+        declared_count: usize,
+        passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
+    },
+    Unsealing {
+        threshold: usize,
+        passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Actor)]
+pub struct VaultCoordinator {
+    db: db::DatabasePool,
+    vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+    state: CoordinatorState,
+}
+
+impl VaultCoordinator {
+    pub const fn new(db: db::DatabasePool, vault: ActorRef<Vault>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            db,
+            vault,
+            state: CoordinatorState::Idle,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const SHARE_AAD: &[u8] = b"arbiter/shamir-share/v1";
+
+async fn finalize_bootstrap(
+    db: db::DatabasePool,
+    vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+    passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let total = passphrases.len();
+    let threshold = shamir_threshold(total);
+
+    // Generate random 32-byte seal key
+    let mut seal_key_bytes = [0u8; 32];
+    OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut seal_key_bytes);
+
+    // Split seal key into shares using Shamir (OsRng from rand_core 0.6, compatible with vsss-rs)
+    let shares = shamir::split_key(threshold, total, &seal_key_bytes, OsRng)
+        .map_err(|e| Error::Shamir(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    let seal_key = KeyCell::from(seal_key_bytes);
+
+    let mut conn = db.get().await?;
+
+    for ((operator_id_raw, passphrase_bytes), share) in passphrases.into_iter().zip(shares) {
+        // Generate a fresh share_salt for this operator
+        let mut share_salt = vec![0u8; 32];
+        OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut share_salt);
+
+        // Derive share encryption key from passphrase + salt
+        let mut passphrase_cell = SafeCell::new(passphrase_bytes);
+        let mut share_seal_key = derive_key(&mut passphrase_cell, &share_salt);
+
+        // Encrypt this operator's share
+        let nonce = Nonce::default();
+        let encrypted_share = share_seal_key
+            .encrypt(&nonce, SHARE_AAD, &share)
+            .map_err(|_| Error::Encryption)?;
+
+        let nonce_bytes = nonce.to_vec();
+
+        diesel::replace_into(schema::operator::table)
+            .values((
+                schema::operator::id.eq(Some(operator_id_raw)),
+                schema::operator::share.eq(&encrypted_share),
+                schema::operator::share_nonce.eq(&nonce_bytes),
+                schema::operator::share_salt.eq(&share_salt),
+                schema::operator::created_at.eq(models::SqliteTimestamp::now()),
+                schema::operator::updated_at.eq(models::SqliteTimestamp::now()),
+            ))
+            .execute(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+    }
+
+    vault
+        .ask(Bootstrap { seal_key })
+        .await
+        .map_err(|err| {
+            error!(?err, "Vault bootstrap failed");
+            Error::VaultError
+        })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn finalize_unseal(
+    db: db::DatabasePool,
+    vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+    passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let mut conn = db.get().await?;
+    let mut shares: Vec<Vec<u8>> = Vec::new();
+
+    for (operator_id_raw, passphrase_bytes) in passphrases {
+        let (encrypted_share, share_nonce_bytes, share_salt): (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>) =
+            schema::operator::table
+                .filter(schema::operator::id.eq(Some(operator_id_raw)))
+                .select((
+                    schema::operator::share,
+                    schema::operator::share_nonce,
+                    schema::operator::share_salt,
+                ))
+                .first(&mut conn)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|_| Error::OperatorNotFound)?;
+
+        let nonce = Nonce::try_from(share_nonce_bytes.as_slice()).map_err(|()| {
+            error!(operator_id = operator_id_raw, "Invalid nonce in DB");
+            Error::BrokenDatabase
+        })?;
+
+        let mut passphrase_cell = SafeCell::new(passphrase_bytes);
+        let mut share_seal_key = derive_key(&mut passphrase_cell, &share_salt);
+
+        let mut share_buffer = SafeCell::new(encrypted_share);
+        share_seal_key
+            .decrypt_in_place(&nonce, SHARE_AAD, &mut share_buffer)
+            .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidPassphrase)?;
+
+        let decrypted_share = share_buffer.read().clone();
+        shares.push(decrypted_share);
+    }
+
+    let seal_key_bytes =
+        shamir::combine_shares(&shares).map_err(|e| Error::Shamir(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    let seal_key = KeyCell::from(seal_key_bytes);
+
+    vault
+        .ask(TryUnseal { seal_key })
+        .await
+        .map_err(|err| {
+            error!(?err, "Vault unseal failed");
+            Error::VaultError
+        })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[messages]
+impl VaultCoordinator {
+    /// Phase 1 of multi-operator bootstrap: declare the committee size.
+    #[message]
+    #[expect(clippy::unused_async, reason = "kameo requires messages to be async")]
+    pub async fn start_bootstrap(
+        &mut self,
+        operator_id: i32,
+        declared_count: usize,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let _ = operator_id; // fixme!: any authenticated operator may announce the committee size. the first call wins
+        if !matches!(self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle) {
+            return Err(Error::AlreadyBootstrapping);
+        }
+        self.state = CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping {
+            declared_count,
+            passphrases: HashMap::new(),
+        };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Phase 2 of multi-operator bootstrap: contribute a passphrase.
+    /// Returns Ok(true) when all operators contributed and bootstrap finalized.
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn contribute_bootstrap(
+        &mut self,
+        operator_id: i32,
+        mut passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping {
+            declared_count,
+            passphrases,
+        } = &mut self.state
+        else {
+            return Err(Error::NotBootstrapping);
+        };
+
+        if passphrases.contains_key(&operator_id) {
+            return Err(Error::DuplicateContribution);
+        }
+
+        // Extract bytes immediately so state stays Sync
+        let passphrase_bytes = passphrase.read().to_vec();
+        passphrases.insert(operator_id, passphrase_bytes);
+
+        if passphrases.len() < *declared_count {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+
+        let CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping { passphrases, .. } =
+            std::mem::replace(&mut self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle)
+        else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+
+        finalize_bootstrap(self.db.clone(), self.vault.clone(), passphrases).await?;
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    /// Contribute a passphrase for vault unseal.
+    /// Returns Ok(true) when threshold reached and vault is unsealed.
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn contribute_unseal(
+        &mut self,
+        operator_id: i32,
+        mut passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        if matches!(self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle) {
+            let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
+            let count: i64 = schema::operator::table
+                .count()
+                .get_result(&mut conn)
+                .await?;
+            let threshold = shamir_threshold(usize::try_from(count).unwrap_or_default());
+
+            self.state = CoordinatorState::Unsealing {
+                threshold,
+                passphrases: HashMap::new(),
+            };
+        }
+
+        let CoordinatorState::Unsealing {
+            threshold,
+            passphrases,
+        } = &mut self.state
+        else {
+            return Err(Error::NotUnsealing);
+        };
+
+        if passphrases.contains_key(&operator_id) {
+            return Err(Error::DuplicateContribution);
+        }
+
+        let passphrase_bytes = passphrase.read().to_vec();
+        passphrases.insert(operator_id, passphrase_bytes);
+
+        if passphrases.len() < *threshold {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+
+        let CoordinatorState::Unsealing { passphrases, .. } =
+            std::mem::replace(&mut self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle)
+        else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+
+        finalize_unseal(self.db.clone(), self.vault.clone(), passphrases).await?;
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/context/mod.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use thiserror::Error;
-
 use crate::{
     actors::GlobalActors,
     context::tls::TlsManager,
     db::{self},
 };
 
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
 pub mod tls;
 
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
@@ -31,16 +30,16 @@ pub enum InitError {
     Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
 }
 
-pub struct _ServerContextInner {
+pub struct __ServerContextInner {
     pub db: db::DatabasePool,
     pub tls: TlsManager,
     pub actors: GlobalActors,
 }
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct ServerContext(Arc<_ServerContextInner>);
+pub struct ServerContext(Arc<__ServerContextInner>);
 
 impl std::ops::Deref for ServerContext {
-    type Target = _ServerContextInner;
+    type Target = __ServerContextInner;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
         &self.0
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ impl std::ops::Deref for ServerContext {
 
 impl ServerContext {
     pub async fn new(db: db::DatabasePool) -> Result<Self, InitError> {
-        Ok(Self(Arc::new(_ServerContextInner {
+        Ok(Self(Arc::new(__ServerContextInner {
             actors: GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await?,
             tls: TlsManager::new(db.clone()).await?,
             db,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/context/tls.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,3 @@
-use std::{net::Ipv4Addr, string::FromUtf8Error};
-
-use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl, SelectableHelper as _};
-use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
-
-use pem::Pem;
-use rcgen::{
-    BasicConstraints, Certificate, CertificateParams, CertifiedIssuer, DistinguishedName, DnType,
-    IsCa, Issuer, KeyPair, KeyUsagePurpose, SanType,
-};
-use rustls::pki_types::pem::PemObject;
-use thiserror::Error;
-use tonic::transport::CertificateDer;
-
 use crate::db::{
     self,
     models::{NewTlsHistory, TlsHistory},
@@ -21,10 +7,23 @@ use crate::db::{
     },
 };
 
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl, SelectableHelper as _};
+use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
+use pem::Pem;
+use rcgen::{
+    BasicConstraints, Certificate, CertificateParams, CertifiedIssuer, DistinguishedName, DnType,
+    IsCa, Issuer, KeyPair, KeyUsagePurpose, SanType,
+};
+use rustls::pki_types::pem::PemObject;
+use std::{net::Ipv4Addr, string::FromUtf8Error};
+use thiserror::Error;
+use tonic::transport::CertificateDer;
+
 const ENCODE_CONFIG: pem::EncodeConfig = {
-    let line_ending = match cfg!(target_family = "windows") {
-        true => pem::LineEnding::CRLF,
-        false => pem::LineEnding::LF,
+    let line_ending = if cfg!(target_family = "windows") {
+        pem::LineEnding::CRLF
+    } else {
+        pem::LineEnding::LF
     };
     pem::EncodeConfig::new().set_line_ending(line_ending)
 };
@@ -52,11 +51,14 @@ pub enum InitError {
 
 pub type PemCert = String;
 
-pub fn encode_cert_to_pem(cert: &CertificateDer) -> PemCert {
+pub fn encode_cert_to_pem(cert: &CertificateDer<'_>) -> PemCert {
     pem::encode_config(&Pem::new("CERTIFICATE", cert.to_vec()), ENCODE_CONFIG)
 }
 
-#[allow(unused)]
+#[expect(
+    unused,
+    reason = "may be needed for future cert rotation implementation"
+)]
 struct SerializedTls {
     cert_pem: PemCert,
     cert_key_pem: String,
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ impl TlsCa {
 
         let cert_key_pem = certified_issuer.key().serialize_pem();
 
-        #[allow(
+        #[expect(
             clippy::unwrap_used,
             reason = "Broken cert couldn't bootstrap server anyway"
         )]
@@ -124,7 +126,11 @@ impl TlsCa {
         })
     }
 
-    #[allow(unused)]
+    #[expect(
+        unused,
+        clippy::unnecessary_wraps,
+        reason = "may be needed for future cert rotation implementation"
+    )]
     fn serialize(&self) -> Result<SerializedTls, InitError> {
         let cert_key_pem = self.issuer.key().serialize_pem();
         Ok(SerializedTls {
@@ -133,7 +139,10 @@ impl TlsCa {
         })
     }
 
-    #[allow(unused)]
+    #[expect(
+        unused,
+        reason = "may be needed for future cert rotation implementation"
+    )]
     fn try_deserialize(cert_pem: &str, cert_key_pem: &str) -> Result<Self, InitError> {
         let keypair =
             KeyPair::from_pem(cert_key_pem).map_err(InitError::KeyDeserializationError)?;
@@ -165,28 +174,26 @@ impl TlsManager {
 
         {
             let mut conn = db.get().await?;
-            conn.transaction(|conn| {
-                Box::pin(async {
-                    let new_tls_history = NewTlsHistory {
-                        cert: new_cert.cert.pem(),
-                        cert_key: new_cert.cert_key.serialize_pem(),
-                        ca_cert: encode_cert_to_pem(&ca.cert),
-                        ca_key: ca.issuer.key().serialize_pem(),
-                    };
+            conn.transaction(async |conn| {
+                let new_tls_history = NewTlsHistory {
+                    cert: new_cert.cert.pem(),
+                    cert_key: new_cert.cert_key.serialize_pem(),
+                    ca_cert: encode_cert_to_pem(&ca.cert),
+                    ca_key: ca.issuer.key().serialize_pem(),
+                };
 
-                    let inserted_tls_history: i32 = diesel::insert_into(tls_history::table)
-                        .values(&new_tls_history)
-                        .returning(tls_history::id)
-                        .get_result(conn)
-                        .await?;
+                let inserted_tls_history: i32 = diesel::insert_into(tls_history::table)
+                    .values(&new_tls_history)
+                    .returning(tls_history::id)
+                    .get_result(&mut *conn)
+                    .await?;
 
-                    diesel::update(arbiter_settings::table)
-                        .set(arbiter_settings::tls_id.eq(inserted_tls_history))
-                        .execute(conn)
-                        .await?;
+                diesel::update(arbiter_settings::table)
+                    .set(arbiter_settings::tls_id.eq(inserted_tls_history))
+                    .execute(&mut *conn)
+                    .await?;
 
-                    Result::<_, diesel::result::Error>::Ok(())
-                })
+                Result::<_, diesel::result::Error>::Ok(())
             })
             .await?;
         }
@@ -234,10 +241,10 @@ impl TlsManager {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn cert(&self) -> &CertificateDer<'static> {
+    pub const fn cert(&self) -> &CertificateDer<'static> {
         &self.cert
     }
-    pub fn ca_cert(&self) -> &CertificateDer<'static> {
+    pub const fn ca_cert(&self) -> &CertificateDer<'static> {
         &self.ca_cert
     }
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/encryption/v1.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 use argon2::password_hash::Salt as ArgonSalt;
-
 use rand::{
     Rng as _, SeedableRng,
     rngs::{StdRng, SysRng},
 };
 
-pub const ROOT_KEY_TAG: &[u8] = "arbiter/seal/v1".as_bytes();
-pub const TAG: &[u8] = "arbiter/private-key/v1".as_bytes();
+pub const ROOT_KEY_TAG: &[u8] = b"arbiter/seal/v1";
+pub const TAG: &[u8] = b"arbiter/private-key/v1";
 
 pub const NONCE_LENGTH: usize = 24;
 
@@ -15,11 +14,13 @@ pub struct Nonce(pub [u8; NONCE_LENGTH]);
 impl Nonce {
     pub fn increment(&mut self) {
         for i in (0..self.0.len()).rev() {
-            if self.0[i] == 0xFF {
-                self.0[i] = 0;
-            } else {
-                self.0[i] += 1;
-                break;
+            if let Some(byte) = self.0.get_mut(i) {
+                if *byte == 0xFF {
+                    *byte = 0;
+                } else {
+                    *byte += 1;
+                    break;
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -45,55 +46,49 @@ pub type Salt = [u8; ArgonSalt::RECOMMENDED_LENGTH];
 
 pub fn generate_salt() -> Salt {
     let mut salt = Salt::default();
-    #[allow(
-        clippy::unwrap_used,
-        reason = "Rng failure is unrecoverable and should panic"
-    )]
-    let mut rng = StdRng::try_from_rng(&mut SysRng).unwrap();
+    let mut rng =
+        StdRng::try_from_rng(&mut SysRng).expect("Rng failure is unrecoverable and should panic");
     rng.fill_bytes(&mut salt);
     salt
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use std::ops::Deref as _;
-
     use super::*;
     use crate::crypto::derive_key;
     use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 
     #[test]
-    pub fn derive_seal_key_deterministic() {
+    fn derive_seal_key_deterministic() {
         static PASSWORD: &[u8] = b"password";
-        let password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
-        let password2 = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
+        let mut password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
+        let mut password2 = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
         let salt = generate_salt();
 
-        let mut key1 = derive_key(password, &salt);
-        let mut key2 = derive_key(password2, &salt);
+        let mut key1 = derive_key(&mut password, &salt);
+        let mut key2 = derive_key(&mut password2, &salt);
 
         let key1_reader = key1.0.read();
         let key2_reader = key2.0.read();
 
-        assert_eq!(key1_reader.deref(), key2_reader.deref());
+        assert_eq!(&*key1_reader, &*key2_reader);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    pub fn successful_derive() {
+    fn successful_derive() {
         static PASSWORD: &[u8] = b"password";
-        let password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
+        let mut password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
         let salt = generate_salt();
 
-        let mut key = derive_key(password, &salt);
+        let mut key = derive_key(&mut password, &salt);
         let key_reader = key.0.read();
-        let key_ref = key_reader.deref();
 
-        assert_ne!(key_ref.as_slice(), &[0u8; 32][..]);
+        assert_ne!(key_reader.as_slice(), &[0u8; 32][..]);
     }
 
     #[test]
     // We should fuzz this
-    pub fn test_nonce_increment() {
+    pub fn nonce_increment() {
         let mut nonce = Nonce([0u8; NONCE_LENGTH]);
         nonce.increment();
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/integrity/v1.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,18 @@
 use crate::{
-    actors::vault::{self, GetState},
-    crypto::integrity::hashing::Hashable,
-};
-use hmac::Hmac;
-use sha2::Sha256;
-
-use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl, dsl::insert_into, sqlite::Sqlite};
-use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
-use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, error::SendError};
-use sha2::Digest as _;
-
-pub mod hashing;
-
-use crate::{
-    actors::vault::{SignIntegrity, Vault, VerifyIntegrity},
+    actors::vault::{self, GetState, SignIntegrity, Vault, VerifyIntegrity},
     db::{
         self,
         models::{IntegrityEnvelope, NewIntegrityEnvelope},
         schema::integrity_envelope,
     },
 };
+use arbiter_crypto::hashing::Hashable;
+
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl, dsl::insert_into, sqlite::Sqlite};
+use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
+use hmac::Hmac;
+use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, error::SendError};
+use sha2::{Digest as _, Sha256};
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum Error {
@@ -71,6 +64,11 @@ fn payload_hash(payload: &impl Hashable) -> [u8; 32] {
 }
 
 fn push_len_prefixed(out: &mut Vec<u8>, bytes: &[u8]) {
+    #[expect(
+        clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+        clippy::as_conversions,
+        reason = "fixme! #85"
+    )]
     out.extend_from_slice(&(bytes.len() as u32).to_be_bytes());
     out.extend_from_slice(bytes);
 }
@@ -122,7 +120,7 @@ pub async fn sign_entity<E: Integrable>(
             .ask(SignIntegrity { mac_input })
             .await
             .map_err(|err| match err {
-                kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(inner) => Error::Vault(inner),
+                SendError::HandlerError(inner) => Error::Vault(inner),
                 _ => Error::VaultSend,
             })?;
 
@@ -132,7 +130,7 @@ pub async fn sign_entity<E: Integrable>(
             entity_id,
             payload_version: E::VERSION,
             key_version,
-            mac: mac.to_vec(),
+            mac: mac.clone(),
         })
         .on_conflict((
             integrity_envelope::entity_id,
@@ -194,9 +192,7 @@ pub async fn verify_entity<E: Integrable>(
         Ok(false) => Err(Error::MacMismatch {
             entity_kind: E::KIND,
         }),
-        Err(SendError::HandlerError(vault::Error::Sealed)) => {
-            Ok(AttestationStatus::Unavailable)
-        }
+        Err(SendError::HandlerError(vault::Error::Sealed)) => Ok(AttestationStatus::Unavailable),
         Err(_) => Err(Error::VaultSend),
     }
 }
@@ -212,8 +208,6 @@ mod tests {
     use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
     use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, prelude::Spawn};
 
-    use sha2::Digest;
-
     use crate::{
         actors::{
             GlobalActors,
@@ -221,23 +215,12 @@ mod tests {
         },
         db::{self, schema},
     };
-    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
-
-    use super::hashing::Hashable;
     use super::{Error, Integrable, sign_entity, verify_entity};
-
-    #[derive(Clone)]
+    #[derive(Clone, arbiter_macros::Hashable)]
     struct DummyEntity {
         payload_version: i32,
         payload: Vec<u8>,
     }
-
-    impl Hashable for DummyEntity {
-        fn hash<H: Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-            self.payload_version.hash(hasher);
-            self.payload.hash(hasher);
-        }
-    }
     impl Integrable for DummyEntity {
         const KIND: &'static str = "dummy_entity";
     }
@@ -250,7 +233,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
         actor
             .ask(Bootstrap {
-                seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"integrity-test-seal-key".to_vec()),
+                seal_key: crate::crypto::KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
             })
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -259,12 +242,12 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn sign_writes_envelope_and_verify_passes() {
+        const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-7";
+
         let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
         let vault = bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
 
-        const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-7";
-
         let entity = DummyEntity {
             payload_version: 1,
             payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
@@ -290,12 +273,12 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn tampered_mac_fails_verification() {
+        const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-11";
+
         let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
         let vault = bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
 
-        const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-11";
-
         let entity = DummyEntity {
             payload_version: 1,
             payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
@@ -321,12 +304,12 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn changed_payload_fails_verification() {
+        const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-21";
+
         let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
         let vault = bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
 
-        const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-21";
-
         let entity = DummyEntity {
             payload_version: 1,
             payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use std::ops::Deref as _;
+use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+use encryption::v1::Nonce;
 
 use argon2::{Algorithm, Argon2};
 use chacha20poly1305::{
@@ -10,12 +11,9 @@ use rand::{
     rngs::{StdRng, SysRng},
 };
 
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
-
 pub mod encryption;
 pub mod integrity;
-
-use encryption::v1::{Nonce, Salt};
+pub mod shamir;
 
 pub struct KeyCell(pub SafeCell<Key>);
 impl From<SafeCell<Key>> for KeyCell {
@@ -23,6 +21,15 @@ impl From<SafeCell<Key>> for KeyCell {
         Self(value)
     }
 }
+impl From<[u8; 32]> for KeyCell {
+    fn from(bytes: [u8; 32]) -> Self {
+        let cell = SafeCell::new_inline_default(|key: &mut Key| {
+            key.copy_from_slice(&bytes);
+        });
+        Self(cell)
+    }
+}
+
 impl TryFrom<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>> for KeyCell {
     type Error = ();
 
@@ -31,7 +38,7 @@ impl TryFrom<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>> for KeyCell {
         if value.len() != size_of::<Key>() {
             return Err(());
         }
-        let cell = SafeCell::new_inline(|cell_write: &mut Key| {
+        let cell = SafeCell::new_inline_default(|cell_write: &mut Key| {
             cell_write.copy_from_slice(&value);
         });
         Ok(Self(cell))
@@ -40,12 +47,9 @@ impl TryFrom<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>> for KeyCell {
 
 impl KeyCell {
     pub fn new_secure_random() -> Self {
-        let key = SafeCell::new_inline(|key_buffer: &mut Key| {
-            #[allow(
-                clippy::unwrap_used,
-                reason = "Rng failure is unrecoverable and should panic"
-            )]
-            let mut rng = StdRng::try_from_rng(&mut SysRng).unwrap();
+        let key = SafeCell::new_inline_default(|key_buffer: &mut Key| {
+            let mut rng = StdRng::try_from_rng(&mut SysRng)
+                .expect("Rng failure is unrecoverable and should panic");
             rng.fill_bytes(key_buffer);
         });
 
@@ -59,8 +63,7 @@ impl KeyCell {
         mut buffer: impl AsMut<Vec<u8>>,
     ) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let key_reader = self.0.read();
-        let key_ref = key_reader.deref();
-        let cipher = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(key_ref);
+        let cipher = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(&key_reader);
         let nonce = XNonce::from_slice(nonce.0.as_ref());
         let buffer = buffer.as_mut();
         cipher.encrypt_in_place(nonce, associated_data, buffer)
@@ -72,8 +75,7 @@ impl KeyCell {
         buffer: &mut SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
     ) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let key_reader = self.0.read();
-        let key_ref = key_reader.deref();
-        let cipher = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(key_ref);
+        let cipher = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(&key_reader);
         let nonce = XNonce::from_slice(nonce.0.as_ref());
         let mut buffer = buffer.write();
         let buffer: &mut Vec<u8> = buffer.as_mut();
@@ -87,8 +89,7 @@ impl KeyCell {
         plaintext: impl AsRef<[u8]>,
     ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
         let key_reader = self.0.read();
-        let key_ref = key_reader.deref();
-        let mut cipher = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(key_ref);
+        let mut cipher = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(&key_reader);
         let nonce = XNonce::from_slice(nonce.0.as_ref());
 
         let ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ impl KeyCell {
 }
 
 /// Derive a fixed-length key from the password using Argon2id, which is designed for password hashing and key derivation.
-pub fn derive_key(mut password: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, salt: &Salt) -> KeyCell {
+pub fn derive_key(password: &mut SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, salt: &[u8]) -> KeyCell {
     let params = {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
@@ -116,20 +117,15 @@ pub fn derive_key(mut password: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, salt: &Salt) -> KeyCell {
         }
     };
 
-    #[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
     let hasher = Argon2::new(Algorithm::Argon2id, argon2::Version::V0x13, params);
     let mut key = SafeCell::new(Key::default());
     password.read_inline(|password_source| {
         let mut key_buffer = key.write();
         let key_buffer: &mut [u8] = key_buffer.as_mut();
 
-        #[allow(
-            clippy::unwrap_used,
-            reason = "Better fail completely than return a weak key"
-        )]
         hasher
-            .hash_password_into(password_source.deref(), salt, key_buffer)
-            .unwrap();
+            .hash_password_into(password_source, salt, key_buffer)
+            .expect("Better fail completely than return a weak key");
     });
 
     key.into()
@@ -144,12 +140,12 @@ mod tests {
     use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 
     #[test]
-    pub fn encrypt_decrypt() {
+    fn encrypt_decrypt() {
         static PASSWORD: &[u8] = b"password";
-        let password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
+        let mut password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
         let salt = generate_salt();
 
-        let mut key = derive_key(password, &salt);
+        let mut key = derive_key(&mut password, &salt);
         let nonce = Nonce(*b"unique nonce 123 1231233"); // 24 bytes for XChaCha20Poly1305
         let associated_data = b"associated data";
         let mut buffer = b"secret data".to_vec();

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/shamir.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+use vsss_rs::Gf256;
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum ShamirError {
+    #[error("Failed to split key: {0}")]
+    Split(String),
+    #[error("Failed to combine shares: {0}")]
+    Combine(String),
+}
+
+/// Split `key` into `total` shares where any `threshold` shares can reconstruct it.
+/// Each returned Vec<u8> is a share with format [`identifier_byte`, `value_bytes`...].
+pub fn split_key(
+    threshold: usize,
+    total: usize,
+    key: &[u8; 32],
+    rng: impl rand_core::RngCore + rand_core::CryptoRng,
+) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>, ShamirError> {
+    Gf256::split_array(threshold, total, key.as_slice(), rng)
+        .map_err(|e| ShamirError::Split(format!("{e:?}")))
+}
+
+/// Returns the minimum number of shares required to reconstruct the secret
+/// for a committee of `n` operators.
+#[must_use]
+pub const fn shamir_threshold(n: usize) -> usize {
+    match n {
+        0 => panic!("No operators"),
+        1 => 1,
+        2 => 2,
+        n => n / 2 + 1,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Reconstruct the secret from `threshold` or more shares.
+pub fn combine_shares(shares: &[Vec<u8>]) -> Result<[u8; 32], ShamirError> {
+    let bytes = Gf256::combine_array(shares)
+        .map_err(|e| ShamirError::Combine(format!("{e:?}")))?;
+    <[u8; 32]>::try_from(bytes.as_slice())
+        .map_err(|_| ShamirError::Combine("unexpected reconstructed key length".to_owned()))
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/db/mod.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use diesel_async::{
     sync_connection_wrapper::SyncConnectionWrapper,
 };
 use diesel_migrations::{EmbeddedMigrations, MigrationHarness, embed_migrations};
-
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tracing::info;
 
@@ -23,14 +22,14 @@ const MIGRATIONS: EmbeddedMigrations = embed_migrations!("migrations");
 
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
 pub enum DatabaseSetupError {
-    #[error("Failed to determine home directory")]
-    HomeDir(std::io::Error),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    ConcurrencySetup(diesel::result::Error),
 
     #[error(transparent)]
     Connection(diesel::ConnectionError),
 
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    ConcurrencySetup(diesel::result::Error),
+    #[error("Failed to determine home directory")]
+    HomeDir(std::io::Error),
 
     #[error(transparent)]
     Migration(Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>),
@@ -41,10 +40,11 @@ pub enum DatabaseSetupError {
 
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
 pub enum DatabaseError {
-    #[error("Database connection error")]
-    Pool(#[from] PoolError),
     #[error("Database query error")]
     Connection(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
+
+    #[error("Database connection error")]
+    Pool(#[from] PoolError),
 }
 
 #[tracing::instrument(level = "info")]
@@ -93,13 +93,16 @@ fn initialize_database(url: &str) -> Result<(), DatabaseSetupError> {
 }
 
 #[tracing::instrument(level = "info")]
+/// Creates a connection pool for the `SQLite` database.
+///
+/// # Panics
+/// Panics if the database path is not valid UTF-8.
 pub async fn create_pool(url: Option<&str>) -> Result<DatabasePool, DatabaseSetupError> {
     let database_url = url.map(String::from).unwrap_or(
-        #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
         database_path()?
             .to_str()
             .expect("database path is not valid UTF-8")
-            .to_string(),
+            .to_owned(),
     );
 
     initialize_database(&database_url)?;
@@ -134,19 +137,19 @@ pub async fn create_pool(url: Option<&str>) -> Result<DatabasePool, DatabaseSetu
 }
 
 #[mutants::skip]
+#[expect(clippy::missing_panics_doc, reason = "Tests oriented function")]
+/// Creates a test database pool with a temporary `SQLite` database file.
 pub async fn create_test_pool() -> DatabasePool {
     use rand::distr::{Alphanumeric, SampleString as _};
 
     let tempfile_name = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rand::rng(), 16);
 
     let file = std::env::temp_dir().join(tempfile_name);
-    #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
     let url = file
         .to_str()
         .expect("temp file path is not valid UTF-8")
-        .to_string();
+        .to_owned();
 
-    #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
     create_pool(Some(&url))
         .await
         .expect("Failed to create test database pool")

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/db/models.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,25 @@
-#![allow(unused)]
-#![allow(clippy::all)]
-
+#![allow(
+    clippy::duplicated_attributes,
+    reason = "restructed's #[view] causes false positives"
+)]
 use crate::db::schema::{
     self, aead_encrypted, arbiter_settings, evm_basic_grant, evm_ether_transfer_grant,
     evm_ether_transfer_grant_target, evm_ether_transfer_limit, evm_token_transfer_grant,
     evm_token_transfer_log, evm_token_transfer_volume_limit, evm_transaction_log, evm_wallet,
     integrity_envelope, root_key_history, tls_history,
 };
-use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+
 use diesel::{prelude::*, sqlite::Sqlite};
 use restructed::Models;
 
 pub mod types {
     use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
     use diesel::{
+        backend::Backend,
         deserialize::{FromSql, FromSqlRow},
         expression::AsExpression,
         serialize::{IsNull, ToSql},
-        sql_types::Integer,
+        sql_types::{Integer, Text},
         sqlite::{Sqlite, SqliteType},
     };
 
@@ -27,16 +29,16 @@ pub mod types {
     pub struct SqliteTimestamp(pub DateTime<Utc>);
     impl SqliteTimestamp {
         pub fn now() -> Self {
-            SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now())
+            Self(Utc::now())
         }
     }
 
-    impl From<chrono::DateTime<Utc>> for SqliteTimestamp {
-        fn from(dt: chrono::DateTime<Utc>) -> Self {
-            SqliteTimestamp(dt)
+    impl From<DateTime<Utc>> for SqliteTimestamp {
+        fn from(dt: DateTime<Utc>) -> Self {
+            Self(dt)
         }
     }
-    impl From<SqliteTimestamp> for chrono::DateTime<Utc> {
+    impl From<SqliteTimestamp> for DateTime<Utc> {
         fn from(ts: SqliteTimestamp) -> Self {
             ts.0
         }
@@ -47,6 +49,11 @@ pub mod types {
             &'b self,
             out: &mut diesel::serialize::Output<'b, '_, Sqlite>,
         ) -> diesel::serialize::Result {
+            #[expect(
+                clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+                clippy::as_conversions,
+                reason = "fixme! #84; this will break up in 2038 :3"
+            )]
             let unix_timestamp = self.0.timestamp() as i32;
             out.set_value(unix_timestamp);
             Ok(IsNull::No)
@@ -55,7 +62,7 @@ pub mod types {
 
     impl FromSql<Integer, Sqlite> for SqliteTimestamp {
         fn from_sql(
-            mut bytes: <Sqlite as diesel::backend::Backend>::RawValue<'_>,
+            mut bytes: <Sqlite as Backend>::RawValue<'_>,
         ) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
             let Some(SqliteType::Long) = bytes.value_type() else {
                 return Err(format!(
@@ -69,7 +76,109 @@ pub mod types {
             let datetime =
                 DateTime::from_timestamp(unix_timestamp, 0).ok_or("Timestamp is out of bounds")?;
 
-            Ok(SqliteTimestamp(datetime))
+            Ok(Self(datetime))
+        }
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! declare_id {
+        ($name:ident) => {
+            #[derive(Debug, FromSqlRow, AsExpression, Clone, Hash, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+            #[diesel(sql_type = Integer)]
+            #[repr(transparent)] // hint compiler to optimize the wrapper struct away
+            pub struct $name(i32);
+
+            impl $name {
+                pub const fn to_raw(self) -> i32 {
+                    self.0
+                }
+                pub const fn from_raw(raw: i32) -> Self {
+                    Self(raw)
+                }
+            }
+
+            impl FromSql<Integer, Sqlite> for $name {
+                fn from_sql(
+                    bytes: <Sqlite as diesel::backend::Backend>::RawValue<'_>,
+                ) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
+                    FromSql::<Integer, Sqlite>::from_sql(bytes).map(Self)
+                }
+            }
+            impl ToSql<Integer, Sqlite> for $name {
+                fn to_sql<'b>(
+                    &'b self,
+                    out: &mut diesel::serialize::Output<'b, '_, Sqlite>,
+                ) -> diesel::serialize::Result {
+                    ToSql::<Integer, Sqlite>::to_sql(&self.0, out)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    declare_id!(ChainId);
+
+    #[expect(
+        clippy::cast_sign_loss,
+        clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+        clippy::as_conversions,
+        reason = "safe because chain_id is stored as i32 but is guaranteed to be a valid ChainId by the API when creating grants"
+    )]
+    const _: () = {
+        impl From<ChainId> for alloy::primitives::ChainId {
+            fn from(chain_id: ChainId) -> Self {
+                chain_id.0 as Self
+            }
+        }
+        impl From<alloy::primitives::ChainId> for ChainId {
+            fn from(chain_id: alloy::primitives::ChainId) -> Self {
+                Self(chain_id as _)
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    declare_id!(OperatorId);
+    declare_id!(OperatorIdentityId);
+    declare_id!(AeadEncryptedId);
+    declare_id!(RootKeyHistoryId);
+    declare_id!(TlsHistoryId);
+    declare_id!(EvmWalletId);
+    declare_id!(ClientId);
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, AsExpression, FromSqlRow)]
+    #[diesel(sql_type = Text)]
+    pub enum ProposalStatus {
+        Pending,
+        Approved,
+        Rejected,
+        Expired,
+    }
+
+    impl ToSql<Text, Sqlite> for ProposalStatus {
+        fn to_sql<'b>(
+            &'b self,
+            out: &mut diesel::serialize::Output<'b, '_, Sqlite>,
+        ) -> diesel::serialize::Result {
+            let s: &str = match self {
+                Self::Pending => "pending",
+                Self::Approved => "approved",
+                Self::Rejected => "rejected",
+                Self::Expired => "expired",
+            };
+            <str as ToSql<Text, Sqlite>>::to_sql(s, out)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl FromSql<Text, Sqlite> for ProposalStatus {
+        fn from_sql(
+            bytes: <Sqlite as Backend>::RawValue<'_>,
+        ) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
+            let s = <String as FromSql<Text, Sqlite>>::from_sql(bytes)?;
+            match s.as_str() {
+                "pending" => Ok(Self::Pending),
+                "approved" => Ok(Self::Approved),
+                "rejected" => Ok(Self::Rejected),
+                "expired" => Ok(Self::Expired),
+                other => Err(format!("Unknown proposal status: {other}").into()),
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -84,12 +193,12 @@ pub use types::*;
 )]
 #[diesel(table_name = aead_encrypted, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
 pub struct AeadEncrypted {
-    pub id: i32,
+    pub id: AeadEncryptedId,
     pub ciphertext: Vec<u8>,
     pub tag: Vec<u8>,
     pub current_nonce: Vec<u8>,
     pub schema_version: i32,
-    pub associated_root_key_id: i32, // references root_key_history.id
+    pub associated_root_key_id: RootKeyHistoryId,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
 }
 
@@ -102,7 +211,7 @@ pub struct AeadEncrypted {
     attributes_with = "deriveless"
 )]
 pub struct RootKeyHistory {
-    pub id: i32,
+    pub id: RootKeyHistoryId,
     pub ciphertext: Vec<u8>,
     pub tag: Vec<u8>,
     pub root_key_encryption_nonce: Vec<u8>,
@@ -120,7 +229,7 @@ pub struct RootKeyHistory {
     attributes_with = "deriveless"
 )]
 pub struct TlsHistory {
-    pub id: i32,
+    pub id: TlsHistoryId,
     pub cert: String,
     pub cert_key: String, // PEM Encoded private key
     pub ca_cert: String,  // PEM Encoded certificate for cert signing
@@ -145,7 +254,7 @@ pub struct ArbiterSettings {
     attributes_with = "deriveless"
 )]
 pub struct EvmWallet {
-    pub id: i32,
+    pub id: EvmWalletId,
     pub address: Vec<u8>,
     pub aead_encrypted_id: i32,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
@@ -167,7 +276,7 @@ pub struct EvmWallet {
 )]
 pub struct EvmWalletAccess {
     pub id: i32,
-    pub wallet_id: i32,
+    pub wallet_id: EvmWalletId,
     pub client_id: i32,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
 }
@@ -194,8 +303,7 @@ pub struct ProgramClientMetadataHistory {
 #[derive(Models, Queryable, Debug, Insertable, Selectable)]
 #[diesel(table_name = schema::program_client, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
 pub struct ProgramClient {
-    pub id: i32,
-    pub nonce: i32,
+    pub id: ClientId,
     pub public_key: Vec<u8>,
     pub metadata_id: i32,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
@@ -203,15 +311,25 @@ pub struct ProgramClient {
 }
 
 #[derive(Queryable, Debug)]
-#[diesel(table_name = schema::useragent_client, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
-pub struct UseragentClient {
-    pub id: i32,
-    pub nonce: i32,
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::operator_client, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct OperatorClient {
+    pub id: OperatorIdentityId,
     pub public_key: Vec<u8>,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
     pub updated_at: SqliteTimestamp,
 }
 
+#[derive(Queryable, Debug)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::operator, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct Operator {
+    pub id: OperatorId,
+    pub share: Vec<u8>,
+    pub share_nonce: Vec<u8>,
+    pub share_salt: Vec<u8>,
+    pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+    pub updated_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+}
+
 #[derive(Models, Queryable, Debug, Insertable, Selectable)]
 #[diesel(table_name = evm_ether_transfer_limit, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
 #[view(
@@ -237,7 +355,7 @@ pub struct EvmEtherTransferLimit {
 pub struct EvmBasicGrant {
     pub id: i32,
     pub wallet_access_id: i32, // references evm_wallet_access.id
-    pub chain_id: i32,
+    pub chain_id: ChainId,
     pub valid_from: Option<SqliteTimestamp>,
     pub valid_until: Option<SqliteTimestamp>,
     pub max_gas_fee_per_gas: Option<Vec<u8>>,
@@ -260,7 +378,7 @@ pub struct EvmTransactionLog {
     pub id: i32,
     pub grant_id: i32,
     pub wallet_access_id: i32,
-    pub chain_id: i32,
+    pub chain_id: ChainId,
     pub eth_value: Vec<u8>,
     pub signed_at: SqliteTimestamp,
 }
@@ -335,7 +453,7 @@ pub struct EvmTokenTransferLog {
     pub id: i32,
     pub grant_id: i32,
     pub log_id: i32,
-    pub chain_id: i32,
+    pub chain_id: ChainId,
     pub token_contract: Vec<u8>,
     pub recipient_address: Vec<u8>,
     pub value: Vec<u8>,
@@ -355,8 +473,50 @@ pub struct IntegrityEnvelope {
     pub entity_kind: String,
     pub entity_id: Vec<u8>,
     pub payload_version: i32,
-    pub key_version: i32,
+    pub key_version: RootKeyHistoryId,
     pub mac: Vec<u8>,
     pub signed_at: SqliteTimestamp,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Queryable, Selectable, Identifiable)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::proposal, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct Proposal {
+    pub id: i32,
+    pub kind: String,
+    pub payload: Vec<u8>,
+    pub initiator_id: i32,
+    pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+    pub expires_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+    pub status: ProposalStatus,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Insertable)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::proposal, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct NewProposal {
+    pub kind: String,
+    pub payload: Vec<u8>,
+    pub initiator_id: i32,
+    // status defaults to 'pending' at the DB layer
+    pub expires_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Queryable, Selectable, Identifiable)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::proposal_vote, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct ProposalVote {
+    pub id: i32,
+    pub proposal_id: i32,
+    pub operator_id: i32,
+    pub approve: bool,
+    pub signature: Vec<u8>,
+    pub voted_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Insertable)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::proposal_vote, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct NewProposalVote {
+    pub proposal_id: i32,
+    pub operator_id: i32,
+    pub approve: bool,
+    pub signature: Vec<u8>,
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/db/schema.rs

@@ -152,10 +152,52 @@ diesel::table! {
     }
 }
 
+diesel::table! {
+    operator (id) {
+        id -> Nullable<Integer>,
+        share -> Binary,
+        share_nonce -> Binary,
+        share_salt -> Binary,
+        created_at -> Integer,
+        updated_at -> Integer,
+    }
+}
+
+diesel::table! {
+    operator_identity (id) {
+        id -> Integer,
+        public_key -> Binary,
+        created_at -> Integer,
+        updated_at -> Integer,
+    }
+}
+
+diesel::table! {
+    proposal (id) {
+        id -> Integer,
+        kind -> Text,
+        payload -> Binary,
+        initiator_id -> Integer,
+        created_at -> Integer,
+        expires_at -> Integer,
+        status -> Text,
+    }
+}
+
+diesel::table! {
+    proposal_vote (id) {
+        id -> Integer,
+        proposal_id -> Integer,
+        operator_id -> Integer,
+        approve -> Bool,
+        signature -> Binary,
+        voted_at -> Integer,
+    }
+}
+
 diesel::table! {
     program_client (id) {
         id -> Integer,
-        nonce -> Integer,
         public_key -> Binary,
         metadata_id -> Integer,
         created_at -> Integer,
@@ -186,17 +228,6 @@ diesel::table! {
     }
 }
 
-diesel::table! {
-    useragent_client (id) {
-        id -> Integer,
-        nonce -> Integer,
-        public_key -> Binary,
-        key_type -> Integer,
-        created_at -> Integer,
-        updated_at -> Integer,
-    }
-}
-
 diesel::joinable!(aead_encrypted -> root_key_history (associated_root_key_id));
 diesel::joinable!(arbiter_settings -> root_key_history (root_key_id));
 diesel::joinable!(arbiter_settings -> tls_history (tls_id));
@@ -215,7 +246,11 @@ diesel::joinable!(evm_transaction_log -> evm_wallet_access (wallet_access_id));
 diesel::joinable!(evm_wallet -> aead_encrypted (aead_encrypted_id));
 diesel::joinable!(evm_wallet_access -> evm_wallet (wallet_id));
 diesel::joinable!(evm_wallet_access -> program_client (client_id));
+diesel::joinable!(operator -> operator_identity (id));
 diesel::joinable!(program_client -> client_metadata (metadata_id));
+diesel::joinable!(proposal -> operator_identity (initiator_id));
+diesel::joinable!(proposal_vote -> proposal (proposal_id));
+diesel::joinable!(proposal_vote -> operator_identity (operator_id));
 
 diesel::allow_tables_to_appear_in_same_query!(
     aead_encrypted,
@@ -233,8 +268,11 @@ diesel::allow_tables_to_appear_in_same_query!(
     evm_wallet,
     evm_wallet_access,
     integrity_envelope,
+    operator,
+    operator_identity,
     program_client,
+    proposal,
+    proposal_vote,
     root_key_history,
     tls_history,
-    useragent_client,
 );

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/abi.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ sol! {
 
 sol! {
     /// Permit2 — Uniswap's canonical token approval manager.
-    /// Replaces per-contract ERC-20 approve() with a single approval hub.
+    /// Replaces per-contract ERC-20 `approve()` with a single approval hub.
     #[derive(Debug)]
     interface IPermit2 {
         struct TokenPermissions {

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/mod.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,3 @@
-pub mod abi;
-pub mod safe_signer;
-
-use alloy::{
-    consensus::TxEip1559,
-    primitives::{TxKind, U256},
-};
-use chrono::Utc;
-use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl as _, QueryResult, insert_into, sqlite::Sqlite};
-use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
-use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
-
 use crate::{
     actors::vault::Vault,
     crypto::integrity,
@@ -27,6 +15,18 @@ use crate::{
     },
 };
 
+use alloy::{
+    consensus::TxEip1559,
+    primitives::{TxKind, U256},
+};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl as _, QueryResult, insert_into, sqlite::Sqlite};
+use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
+use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
+
+pub mod abi;
+pub mod safe_signer;
+
 pub mod policies;
 mod utils;
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ mod utils;
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum PolicyError {
     #[error("Database error")]
-    Database(#[from] crate::db::DatabaseError),
+    Database(#[from] DatabaseError),
     #[error("Transaction violates policy: {0:?}")]
     Violations(Vec<EvalViolation>),
     #[error("No matching grant found")]
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub enum AnalyzeError {
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum ListError {
     #[error("Database error")]
-    Database(#[from] crate::db::DatabaseError),
+    Database(#[from] DatabaseError),
 
     #[error("Integrity verification failed for grant")]
     Integrity(#[from] integrity::Error),
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ async fn check_shared_constraints(
             .get_result(conn)
             .await?;
 
-        if count >= rate_limit.count as i64 {
+        if count >= rate_limit.count.into() {
             violations.push(EvalViolation::RateLimitExceeded);
         }
     }
@@ -179,24 +179,22 @@ impl Engine {
         }
 
         if run_kind == RunKind::Execution {
-            conn.transaction(|conn| {
-                Box::pin(async move {
-                    let log_id: i32 = insert_into(evm_transaction_log::table)
-                        .values(&NewEvmTransactionLog {
-                            grant_id: grant.common_settings_id,
-                            wallet_access_id: context.target.id,
-                            chain_id: context.chain as i32,
-                            eth_value: utils::u256_to_bytes(context.value).to_vec(),
-                            signed_at: Utc::now().into(),
-                        })
-                        .returning(evm_transaction_log::id)
-                        .get_result(conn)
-                        .await?;
+            conn.transaction(async |conn| {
+                let log_id: i32 = insert_into(evm_transaction_log::table)
+                    .values(&NewEvmTransactionLog {
+                        grant_id: grant.common_settings_id,
+                        wallet_access_id: context.target.id,
+                        chain_id: context.chain.into(),
+                        eth_value: utils::u256_to_bytes(context.value).to_vec(),
+                        signed_at: Utc::now().into(),
+                    })
+                    .returning(evm_transaction_log::id)
+                    .get_result(&mut *conn)
+                    .await?;
 
-                    P::record_transaction(&context, meaning, log_id, &grant, conn).await?;
+                P::record_transaction(&context, meaning, log_id, &grant, &mut *conn).await?;
 
-                    QueryResult::Ok(())
-                })
+                QueryResult::Ok(())
             })
             .await
             .map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
@@ -207,7 +205,7 @@ impl Engine {
 }
 
 impl Engine {
-    pub fn new(db: db::DatabasePool, vault: ActorRef<Vault>) -> Self {
+    pub const fn new(db: db::DatabasePool, vault: ActorRef<Vault>) -> Self {
         Self { db, vault }
     }
 
@@ -222,48 +220,52 @@ impl Engine {
         let vault = self.vault.clone();
 
         let id = conn
-            .transaction(|conn| {
-                Box::pin(async move {
-                    use schema::evm_basic_grant;
+            .transaction(async |conn| {
+                use schema::evm_basic_grant;
 
-                    let basic_grant: EvmBasicGrant = insert_into(evm_basic_grant::table)
-                        .values(&NewEvmBasicGrant {
-                            chain_id: full_grant.shared.chain as i32,
-                            wallet_access_id: full_grant.shared.wallet_access_id,
-                            valid_from: full_grant.shared.valid_from.map(SqliteTimestamp),
-                            valid_until: full_grant.shared.valid_until.map(SqliteTimestamp),
-                            max_gas_fee_per_gas: full_grant
-                                .shared
-                                .max_gas_fee_per_gas
-                                .map(|fee| utils::u256_to_bytes(fee).to_vec()),
-                            max_priority_fee_per_gas: full_grant
-                                .shared
-                                .max_priority_fee_per_gas
-                                .map(|fee| utils::u256_to_bytes(fee).to_vec()),
-                            rate_limit_count: full_grant
-                                .shared
-                                .rate_limit
-                                .as_ref()
-                                .map(|rl| rl.count as i32),
-                            rate_limit_window_secs: full_grant
-                                .shared
-                                .rate_limit
-                                .as_ref()
-                                .map(|rl| rl.window.num_seconds() as i32),
-                            revoked_at: None,
-                        })
-                        .returning(evm_basic_grant::all_columns)
-                        .get_result(conn)
-                        .await?;
+                #[expect(
+                    clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+                    clippy::cast_possible_wrap,
+                    clippy::as_conversions,
+                    reason = "fixme! #86"
+                )]
+                let basic_grant: EvmBasicGrant = insert_into(evm_basic_grant::table)
+                    .values(&NewEvmBasicGrant {
+                        chain_id: full_grant.shared.chain.into(),
+                        wallet_access_id: full_grant.shared.wallet_access_id,
+                        valid_from: full_grant.shared.valid_from.map(SqliteTimestamp),
+                        valid_until: full_grant.shared.valid_until.map(SqliteTimestamp),
+                        max_gas_fee_per_gas: full_grant
+                            .shared
+                            .max_gas_fee_per_gas
+                            .map(|fee| utils::u256_to_bytes(fee).to_vec()),
+                        max_priority_fee_per_gas: full_grant
+                            .shared
+                            .max_priority_fee_per_gas
+                            .map(|fee| utils::u256_to_bytes(fee).to_vec()),
+                        rate_limit_count: full_grant
+                            .shared
+                            .rate_limit
+                            .as_ref()
+                            .map(|rl| rl.count as i32),
+                        rate_limit_window_secs: full_grant
+                            .shared
+                            .rate_limit
+                            .as_ref()
+                            .map(|rl| rl.window.num_seconds() as i32),
+                        revoked_at: None,
+                    })
+                    .returning(evm_basic_grant::all_columns)
+                    .get_result(&mut *conn)
+                    .await?;
 
-                    P::create_grant(&basic_grant, &full_grant.specific, conn).await?;
+                P::create_grant(&basic_grant, &full_grant.specific, &mut *conn).await?;
 
-                    integrity::sign_entity(conn, &vault, &full_grant, basic_grant.id)
-                        .await
-                        .map_err(|_| diesel::result::Error::RollbackTransaction)?;
+                integrity::sign_entity(&mut *conn, &vault, &full_grant, basic_grant.id)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|_| diesel::result::Error::RollbackTransaction)?;
 
-                    QueryResult::Ok(basic_grant.id)
-                })
+                QueryResult::Ok(basic_grant.id)
             })
             .await?;
 
@@ -313,7 +315,7 @@ impl Engine {
         let TxKind::Call(to) = transaction.to else {
             return Err(VetError::ContractCreationNotSupported);
         };
-        let context = policies::EvalContext {
+        let context = EvalContext {
             target,
             chain: transaction.chain_id,
             to,
@@ -357,7 +359,8 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::db::{
         self, DatabaseConnection,
         models::{
-            EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, NewEvmBasicGrant, NewEvmTransactionLog, SqliteTimestamp,
+            EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, EvmWalletId, NewEvmBasicGrant, NewEvmTransactionLog,
+            SqliteTimestamp,
         },
         schema::{evm_basic_grant, evm_transaction_log},
     };
@@ -375,7 +378,7 @@ mod tests {
         EvalContext {
             target: EvmWalletAccess {
                 id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-                wallet_id: 10,
+                wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(5),
                 client_id: 20,
                 created_at: SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now()),
             },
@@ -404,10 +407,16 @@ mod tests {
         conn: &mut DatabaseConnection,
         shared: &SharedGrantSettings,
     ) -> EvmBasicGrant {
+        #[expect(
+            clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+            clippy::cast_possible_wrap,
+            clippy::as_conversions,
+            reason = "fixme! #86"
+        )]
         insert_into(evm_basic_grant::table)
             .values(NewEvmBasicGrant {
                 wallet_access_id: shared.wallet_access_id,
-                chain_id: shared.chain as i32,
+                chain_id: shared.chain.into(),
                 valid_from: shared.valid_from.map(SqliteTimestamp),
                 valid_until: shared.valid_until.map(SqliteTimestamp),
                 max_gas_fee_per_gas: shared
@@ -571,7 +580,7 @@ mod tests {
             .values(NewEvmTransactionLog {
                 grant_id: basic_grant.id,
                 wallet_access_id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-                chain_id: CHAIN_ID as i32,
+                chain_id: CHAIN_ID.into(),
                 eth_value: super::utils::u256_to_bytes(U256::ZERO).to_vec(),
                 signed_at: SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now()),
             })

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-use std::fmt::Display;
+use crate::{
+    crypto::integrity::v1::Integrable,
+    db::models::{EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess},
+    evm::utils,
+};
 
 use alloy::primitives::{Address, Bytes, ChainId, U256};
 use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Utc};
@@ -6,15 +10,9 @@ use diesel::{
     ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl, SelectableHelper, result::QueryResult, sqlite::Sqlite,
 };
 use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
-
+use std::fmt::Display;
 use thiserror::Error;
 
-use crate::{
-    crypto::integrity::v1::Integrable,
-    db::models::{self, EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess},
-    evm::utils,
-};
-
 pub mod ether_transfer;
 pub mod token_transfers;
 
@@ -87,10 +85,10 @@ pub trait Policy: Sized {
 
     // Create a new grant in the database based on the provided grant details, and return its ID
     fn create_grant(
-        basic: &models::EvmBasicGrant,
+        basic: &EvmBasicGrant,
         grant: &Self::Settings,
         conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    ) -> impl std::future::Future<Output = QueryResult<DatabaseID>> + Send;
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = QueryResult<DatabaseID>> + Send;
 
     // Try to find an existing grant that matches the transaction context, and return its details if found
     // Additionally, return ID of basic grant for shared-logic checks like rate limits and validity periods
@@ -127,19 +125,19 @@ pub enum SpecificMeaning {
     TokenTransfer(token_transfers::Meaning),
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, arbiter_macros::Hashable)]
 pub struct TransactionRateLimit {
     pub count: u32,
     pub window: Duration,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, arbiter_macros::Hashable)]
 pub struct VolumeRateLimit {
     pub max_volume: U256,
     pub window: Duration,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, arbiter_macros::Hashable)]
 pub struct SharedGrantSettings {
     pub wallet_access_id: i32,
     pub chain: ChainId,
@@ -157,7 +155,7 @@ impl SharedGrantSettings {
     pub(crate) fn try_from_model(model: EvmBasicGrant) -> QueryResult<Self> {
         Ok(Self {
             wallet_access_id: model.wallet_access_id,
-            chain: model.chain_id as u64, // safe because chain_id is stored as i32 but is guaranteed to be a valid ChainId by the API when creating grants
+            chain: model.chain_id.into(),
             valid_from: model.valid_from.map(Into::into),
             valid_until: model.valid_until.map(Into::into),
             max_gas_fee_per_gas: model
@@ -168,10 +166,11 @@ impl SharedGrantSettings {
                 .max_priority_fee_per_gas
                 .map(|b| utils::try_bytes_to_u256(&b))
                 .transpose()?,
+            #[expect(clippy::cast_sign_loss, clippy::as_conversions, reason = "fixme! #86")]
             rate_limit: match (model.rate_limit_count, model.rate_limit_window_secs) {
                 (Some(count), Some(window_secs)) => Some(TransactionRateLimit {
                     count: count as u32,
-                    window: Duration::seconds(window_secs as i64),
+                    window: Duration::seconds(window_secs.into()),
                 }),
                 _ => None,
             },
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ impl SharedGrantSettings {
     pub async fn query_by_id(
         conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
         id: i32,
-    ) -> diesel::result::QueryResult<Self> {
+    ) -> QueryResult<Self> {
         use crate::db::schema::evm_basic_grant;
 
         let basic_grant: EvmBasicGrant = evm_basic_grant::table
@@ -200,7 +199,7 @@ pub enum SpecificGrant {
     TokenTransfer(token_transfers::Settings),
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, arbiter_macros::Hashable)]
 pub struct CombinedSettings<PolicyGrant> {
     pub shared: SharedGrantSettings,
     pub specific: PolicyGrant,
@@ -219,38 +218,3 @@ impl<P: Integrable> Integrable for CombinedSettings<P> {
     const KIND: &'static str = P::KIND;
     const VERSION: i32 = P::VERSION;
 }
-
-use crate::crypto::integrity::hashing::Hashable;
-
-impl Hashable for TransactionRateLimit {
-    fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-        self.count.hash(hasher);
-        self.window.hash(hasher);
-    }
-}
-
-impl Hashable for VolumeRateLimit {
-    fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-        self.max_volume.hash(hasher);
-        self.window.hash(hasher);
-    }
-}
-
-impl Hashable for SharedGrantSettings {
-    fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-        self.wallet_access_id.hash(hasher);
-        self.chain.hash(hasher);
-        self.valid_from.hash(hasher);
-        self.valid_until.hash(hasher);
-        self.max_gas_fee_per_gas.hash(hasher);
-        self.max_priority_fee_per_gas.hash(hasher);
-        self.rate_limit.hash(hasher);
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Hashable> Hashable for CombinedSettings<P> {
-    fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-        self.shared.hash(hasher);
-        self.specific.hash(hasher);
-    }
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies/ether_transfer/mod.rs

@@ -1,30 +1,32 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::fmt::Display;
-
-use alloy::primitives::{Address, U256};
-use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Utc};
-use diesel::dsl::{auto_type, insert_into};
-use diesel::sqlite::Sqlite;
-use diesel::{ExpressionMethods, JoinOnDsl, prelude::*};
-use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
-
-use crate::crypto::integrity::v1::Integrable;
-use crate::db::models::{
-    EvmBasicGrant, EvmEtherTransferGrant, EvmEtherTransferGrantTarget, EvmEtherTransferLimit,
-    NewEvmEtherTransferLimit, SqliteTimestamp,
-};
-use crate::db::schema::{evm_basic_grant, evm_ether_transfer_limit, evm_transaction_log};
-use crate::evm::policies::{
-    CombinedSettings, Grant, SharedGrantSettings, SpecificGrant, SpecificMeaning, VolumeRateLimit,
-};
+use super::{DatabaseID, EvalContext, EvalViolation};
 use crate::{
+    crypto::integrity::v1::Integrable,
+    db::models::{
+        EvmBasicGrant, EvmEtherTransferGrant, EvmEtherTransferGrantTarget, EvmEtherTransferLimit,
+        NewEvmEtherTransferLimit, SqliteTimestamp,
+    },
+    db::schema::{evm_basic_grant, evm_ether_transfer_limit, evm_transaction_log},
     db::{
-        models::{self, NewEvmEtherTransferGrant, NewEvmEtherTransferGrantTarget},
+        models::{NewEvmEtherTransferGrant, NewEvmEtherTransferGrantTarget},
         schema::{evm_ether_transfer_grant, evm_ether_transfer_grant_target},
     },
+    evm::policies::{
+        CombinedSettings, Grant, SharedGrantSettings, SpecificGrant, SpecificMeaning,
+        VolumeRateLimit,
+    },
     evm::{policies::Policy, utils},
 };
 
+use alloy::primitives::{Address, U256};
+use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Utc};
+use diesel::{
+    dsl::{auto_type, insert_into},
+    prelude::*,
+    sqlite::Sqlite,
+};
+use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
+use std::{collections::HashMap, fmt::Display};
+
 #[auto_type]
 fn grant_join() -> _ {
     evm_ether_transfer_grant::table.inner_join(
@@ -32,8 +34,6 @@ fn grant_join() -> _ {
     )
 }
 
-use super::{DatabaseID, EvalContext, EvalViolation};
-
 // Plain ether transfer
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct Meaning {
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ impl Display for Meaning {
     }
 }
 impl From<Meaning> for SpecificMeaning {
-    fn from(val: Meaning) -> SpecificMeaning {
-        SpecificMeaning::EtherTransfer(val)
+    fn from(val: Meaning) -> Self {
+        Self::EtherTransfer(val)
     }
 }
 
 // A grant for ether transfers, which can be scoped to specific target addresses and volume limits
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, arbiter_macros::Hashable)]
 pub struct Settings {
     pub target: Vec<Address>,
     pub limit: VolumeRateLimit,
@@ -61,18 +61,9 @@ impl Integrable for Settings {
     const KIND: &'static str = "EtherTransfer";
 }
 
-use crate::crypto::integrity::hashing::Hashable;
-
-impl Hashable for Settings {
-    fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-        self.target.hash(hasher);
-        self.limit.hash(hasher);
-    }
-}
-
 impl From<Settings> for SpecificGrant {
-    fn from(val: Settings) -> SpecificGrant {
-        SpecificGrant::EtherTransfer(val)
+    fn from(val: Settings) -> Self {
+        Self::EtherTransfer(val)
     }
 }
 
@@ -83,9 +74,7 @@ async fn query_relevant_past_transaction(
 ) -> QueryResult<Vec<(U256, DateTime<Utc>)>> {
     let past_transactions: Vec<(Vec<u8>, SqliteTimestamp)> = evm_transaction_log::table
         .filter(evm_transaction_log::grant_id.eq(grant_id))
-        .filter(
-            evm_transaction_log::signed_at.ge(SqliteTimestamp(chrono::Utc::now() - longest_window)),
-        )
+        .filter(evm_transaction_log::signed_at.ge(SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now() - longest_window)))
         .select((
             evm_transaction_log::eth_value,
             evm_transaction_log::signed_at,
@@ -112,7 +101,7 @@ async fn check_rate_limits(
 
     let past_transaction = query_relevant_past_transaction(grant.id, window, db).await?;
 
-    let window_start = chrono::Utc::now() - grant.settings.specific.limit.window;
+    let window_start = Utc::now() - grant.settings.specific.limit.window;
     let prospective_cumulative_volume: U256 = past_transaction
         .iter()
         .filter(|(_, timestamp)| timestamp >= &window_start)
@@ -162,10 +151,15 @@ impl Policy for EtherTransfer {
     }
 
     async fn create_grant(
-        basic: &models::EvmBasicGrant,
+        basic: &EvmBasicGrant,
         grant: &Self::Settings,
         conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    ) -> diesel::result::QueryResult<DatabaseID> {
+    ) -> QueryResult<DatabaseID> {
+        #[expect(
+            clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+            clippy::as_conversions,
+            reason = "fixme! #86"
+        )]
         let limit_id: i32 = insert_into(evm_ether_transfer_limit::table)
             .values(NewEvmEtherTransferLimit {
                 window_secs: grant.limit.window.num_seconds() as i32,
@@ -200,7 +194,7 @@ impl Policy for EtherTransfer {
     async fn try_find_grant(
         context: &EvalContext,
         conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    ) -> diesel::result::QueryResult<Option<Grant<Self::Settings>>> {
+    ) -> QueryResult<Option<Grant<Self::Settings>>> {
         let target_bytes = context.to.to_vec();
 
         // Find a grant where:
@@ -254,7 +248,7 @@ impl Policy for EtherTransfer {
             limit: VolumeRateLimit {
                 max_volume: utils::try_bytes_to_u256(&limit.max_volume)
                     .map_err(|err| diesel::result::Error::DeserializationError(Box::new(err)))?,
-                window: chrono::Duration::seconds(limit.window_secs as i64),
+                window: Duration::seconds(limit.window_secs.into()),
             },
         };
 
@@ -274,7 +268,7 @@ impl Policy for EtherTransfer {
         _log_id: i32,
         _grant: &Grant<Self::Settings>,
         _conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    ) -> diesel::result::QueryResult<()> {
+    ) -> QueryResult<()> {
         // Basic log is sufficient
 
         Ok(())
@@ -327,7 +321,7 @@ impl Policy for EtherTransfer {
             .map(|(basic, specific)| {
                 let targets: Vec<Address> = targets_by_grant
                     .get(&specific.id)
-                    .map(|v| v.as_slice())
+                    .map(Vec::as_slice)
                     .unwrap_or_default()
                     .iter()
                     .filter_map(|t| {
@@ -351,7 +345,7 @@ impl Policy for EtherTransfer {
                                 max_volume: utils::try_bytes_to_u256(&limit.max_volume).map_err(
                                     |e| diesel::result::Error::DeserializationError(Box::new(e)),
                                 )?,
-                                window: Duration::seconds(limit.window_secs as i64),
+                                window: Duration::seconds(limit.window_secs.into()),
                             },
                         },
                     },

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies/ether_transfer/tests.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,29 @@
+use super::{EtherTransfer, Settings};
+use crate::{
+    db::{
+        self, DatabaseConnection,
+        models::{
+            EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, EvmWalletId, NewEvmBasicGrant, NewEvmTransactionLog,
+            SqliteTimestamp,
+        },
+        schema::{evm_basic_grant, evm_transaction_log},
+    },
+    evm::{
+        policies::{
+            CombinedSettings, EvalContext, EvalViolation, Grant, Policy, SharedGrantSettings,
+            VolumeRateLimit,
+        },
+        utils,
+    },
+};
+
 use alloy::primitives::{Address, Bytes, U256, address};
 use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
 use diesel::{SelectableHelper, insert_into};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 
-use crate::db::{
-    self, DatabaseConnection,
-    models::{
-        EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, NewEvmBasicGrant, NewEvmTransactionLog, SqliteTimestamp,
-    },
-    schema::{evm_basic_grant, evm_transaction_log},
-};
-use crate::evm::{
-    policies::{
-        CombinedSettings, EvalContext, EvalViolation, Grant, Policy, SharedGrantSettings,
-        VolumeRateLimit,
-    },
-    utils,
-};
-
-use super::{EtherTransfer, Settings};
-
 const WALLET_ACCESS_ID: i32 = 1;
-const CHAIN_ID: u64 = 1;
+const CHAIN_ID: alloy::primitives::ChainId = 1;
 
 const ALLOWED: Address = address!("1111111111111111111111111111111111111111");
 const OTHER: Address = address!("2222222222222222222222222222222222222222");
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ fn ctx(to: Address, value: U256) -> EvalContext {
     EvalContext {
         target: EvmWalletAccess {
             id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-            wallet_id: 10,
+            wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(10),
             client_id: 20,
             created_at: SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now()),
         },
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ async fn insert_basic(conn: &mut DatabaseConnection, revoked: bool) -> EvmBasicG
     insert_into(evm_basic_grant::table)
         .values(NewEvmBasicGrant {
             wallet_access_id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-            chain_id: CHAIN_ID as i32,
+            chain_id: CHAIN_ID.into(),
             valid_from: None,
             valid_until: None,
             max_gas_fee_per_gas: None,
@@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ async fn evaluate_passes_when_volume_within_limit() {
         .values(NewEvmTransactionLog {
             grant_id,
             wallet_access_id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-            chain_id: CHAIN_ID as i32,
+            chain_id: CHAIN_ID.into(),
             eth_value: utils::u256_to_bytes(U256::from(500u64)).to_vec(),
             signed_at: SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now()),
         })
@@ -202,7 +204,7 @@ async fn evaluate_rejects_volume_over_limit() {
         .values(NewEvmTransactionLog {
             grant_id,
             wallet_access_id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-            chain_id: CHAIN_ID as i32,
+            chain_id: CHAIN_ID.into(),
             eth_value: utils::u256_to_bytes(U256::from(1_000u64)).to_vec(),
             signed_at: SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now()),
         })
@@ -245,7 +247,7 @@ async fn evaluate_passes_at_exactly_volume_limit() {
         .values(NewEvmTransactionLog {
             grant_id,
             wallet_access_id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-            chain_id: CHAIN_ID as i32,
+            chain_id: CHAIN_ID.into(),
             eth_value: utils::u256_to_bytes(U256::from(900u64)).to_vec(),
             signed_at: SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now()),
         })
@@ -340,7 +342,7 @@ proptest::proptest! {
     ) {
         use rand::{SeedableRng, seq::SliceRandom};
         use sha2::Digest;
-        use crate::crypto::integrity::hashing::Hashable;
+        use arbiter_crypto::hashing::Hashable;
 
         let addrs: Vec<Address> = raw_addrs.iter().map(|b| Address::from(*b)).collect();
         let mut shuffled = addrs.clone();

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies/token_transfers/mod.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,4 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-use crate::db::schema::{
-    evm_basic_grant, evm_token_transfer_grant, evm_token_transfer_log,
-    evm_token_transfer_volume_limit,
-};
-use crate::evm::{
-    abi::IERC20::transferCall,
-    policies::{
-        Grant, Policy, SharedGrantSettings, SpecificGrant, SpecificMeaning, VolumeRateLimit,
-    },
-    utils,
-};
+use super::{DatabaseID, EvalContext, EvalViolation};
 use crate::{
     crypto::integrity::Integrable,
     db::models::{
@@ -18,20 +6,33 @@ use crate::{
         NewEvmTokenTransferGrant, NewEvmTokenTransferLog, NewEvmTokenTransferVolumeLimit,
         SqliteTimestamp,
     },
+    db::schema::{
+        evm_basic_grant, evm_token_transfer_grant, evm_token_transfer_log,
+        evm_token_transfer_volume_limit,
+    },
     evm::policies::CombinedSettings,
+    evm::{
+        abi::IERC20::transferCall,
+        policies::{
+            Grant, Policy, SharedGrantSettings, SpecificGrant, SpecificMeaning, VolumeRateLimit,
+        },
+        utils,
+    },
 };
+use arbiter_tokens_registry::evm::nonfungible::{self, TokenInfo};
+
 use alloy::{
     primitives::{Address, U256},
     sol_types::SolCall,
 };
-use arbiter_tokens_registry::evm::nonfungible::{self, TokenInfo};
 use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Utc};
-use diesel::dsl::{auto_type, insert_into};
-use diesel::sqlite::Sqlite;
-use diesel::{ExpressionMethods, prelude::*};
+use diesel::{
+    dsl::{auto_type, insert_into},
+    prelude::*,
+    sqlite::Sqlite,
+};
 use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
-
-use super::{DatabaseID, EvalContext, EvalViolation};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 #[auto_type]
 fn grant_join() -> _ {
@@ -56,13 +57,13 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for Meaning {
     }
 }
 impl From<Meaning> for SpecificMeaning {
-    fn from(val: Meaning) -> SpecificMeaning {
-        SpecificMeaning::TokenTransfer(val)
+    fn from(val: Meaning) -> Self {
+        Self::TokenTransfer(val)
     }
 }
 
 // A grant for token transfers, which can be scoped to specific target addresses and volume limits
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, arbiter_macros::Hashable)]
 pub struct Settings {
     pub token_contract: Address,
     pub target: Option<Address>,
@@ -72,19 +73,9 @@ impl Integrable for Settings {
     const KIND: &'static str = "TokenTransfer";
 }
 
-use crate::crypto::integrity::hashing::Hashable;
-
-impl Hashable for Settings {
-    fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-        self.token_contract.hash(hasher);
-        self.target.hash(hasher);
-        self.volume_limits.hash(hasher);
-    }
-}
-
 impl From<Settings> for SpecificGrant {
-    fn from(val: Settings) -> SpecificGrant {
-        SpecificGrant::TokenTransfer(val)
+    fn from(val: Settings) -> Self {
+        Self::TokenTransfer(val)
     }
 }
 
@@ -95,10 +86,7 @@ async fn query_relevant_past_transfers(
 ) -> QueryResult<Vec<(U256, DateTime<Utc>)>> {
     let past_logs: Vec<(Vec<u8>, SqliteTimestamp)> = evm_token_transfer_log::table
         .filter(evm_token_transfer_log::grant_id.eq(grant_id))
-        .filter(
-            evm_token_transfer_log::created_at
-                .ge(SqliteTimestamp(chrono::Utc::now() - longest_window)),
-        )
+        .filter(evm_token_transfer_log::created_at.ge(SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now() - longest_window)))
         .select((
             evm_token_transfer_log::value,
             evm_token_transfer_log::created_at,
@@ -138,7 +126,7 @@ async fn check_volume_rate_limits(
     let past_transfers = query_relevant_past_transfers(grant.id, longest_window, db).await?;
 
     for limit in &grant.settings.specific.volume_limits {
-        let window_start = chrono::Utc::now() - limit.window;
+        let window_start = Utc::now() - limit.window;
         let prospective_cumulative_volume: U256 = past_transfers
             .iter()
             .filter(|(_, timestamp)| timestamp >= &window_start)
@@ -214,6 +202,11 @@ impl Policy for TokenTransfer {
             .await?;
 
         for limit in &grant.volume_limits {
+            #[expect(
+                clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+                clippy::as_conversions,
+                reason = "fixme! #86"
+            )]
             insert_into(evm_token_transfer_volume_limit::table)
                 .values(NewEvmTokenTransferVolumeLimit {
                     grant_id,
@@ -263,7 +256,7 @@ impl Policy for TokenTransfer {
                     max_volume: utils::try_bytes_to_u256(&row.max_volume).map_err(|err| {
                         diesel::result::Error::DeserializationError(Box::new(err))
                     })?,
-                    window: Duration::seconds(row.window_secs as i64),
+                    window: Duration::seconds(row.window_secs.into()),
                 })
             })
             .collect::<QueryResult<Vec<_>>>()?;
@@ -313,7 +306,7 @@ impl Policy for TokenTransfer {
             .values(NewEvmTokenTransferLog {
                 grant_id: grant.id,
                 log_id,
-                chain_id: context.chain as i32,
+                chain_id: context.chain.into(),
                 token_contract: context.to.to_vec(),
                 recipient_address: meaning.to.to_vec(),
                 value: utils::u256_to_bytes(meaning.value).to_vec(),
@@ -362,7 +355,7 @@ impl Policy for TokenTransfer {
             .map(|(basic, specific)| {
                 let volume_limits: Vec<VolumeRateLimit> = limits_by_grant
                     .get(&specific.id)
-                    .map(|v| v.as_slice())
+                    .map(Vec::as_slice)
                     .unwrap_or_default()
                     .iter()
                     .map(|row| {
@@ -370,7 +363,7 @@ impl Policy for TokenTransfer {
                             max_volume: utils::try_bytes_to_u256(&row.max_volume).map_err(|e| {
                                 diesel::result::Error::DeserializationError(Box::new(e))
                             })?,
-                            window: Duration::seconds(row.window_secs as i64),
+                            window: Duration::seconds(row.window_secs.into()),
                         })
                     })
                     .collect::<QueryResult<Vec<_>>>()?;

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies/token_transfers/tests.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,28 @@
-use alloy::primitives::{Address, Bytes, U256, address};
-use alloy::sol_types::SolCall;
+use super::{Settings, TokenTransfer};
+use crate::{
+    db::{
+        self, DatabaseConnection,
+        models::{EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, EvmWalletId, NewEvmBasicGrant, SqliteTimestamp},
+        schema::evm_basic_grant,
+    },
+    evm::{
+        abi::IERC20::transferCall,
+        policies::{
+            CombinedSettings, EvalContext, EvalViolation, Grant, Policy, SharedGrantSettings,
+            VolumeRateLimit,
+        },
+        utils,
+    },
+};
+
+use alloy::{
+    primitives::{Address, Bytes, U256, address},
+    sol_types::SolCall,
+};
 use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
 use diesel::{SelectableHelper, insert_into};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 
-use crate::db::{
-    self, DatabaseConnection,
-    models::{EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, NewEvmBasicGrant, SqliteTimestamp},
-    schema::evm_basic_grant,
-};
-use crate::evm::{
-    abi::IERC20::transferCall,
-    policies::{
-        CombinedSettings, EvalContext, EvalViolation, Grant, Policy, SharedGrantSettings,
-        VolumeRateLimit,
-    },
-    utils,
-};
-
-use super::{Settings, TokenTransfer};
-
 // DAI on Ethereum mainnet — present in the static token registry
 const CHAIN_ID: u64 = 1;
 const DAI: Address = address!("6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F");
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ fn ctx(to: Address, calldata: Bytes) -> EvalContext {
     EvalContext {
         target: EvmWalletAccess {
             id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-            wallet_id: 10,
+            wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(10),
             client_id: 20,
             created_at: SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now()),
         },
@@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ async fn insert_basic(conn: &mut DatabaseConnection, revoked: bool) -> EvmBasicG
     insert_into(evm_basic_grant::table)
         .values(NewEvmBasicGrant {
             wallet_access_id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-            chain_id: CHAIN_ID as i32,
+            chain_id: CHAIN_ID.into(),
             valid_from: None,
             valid_until: None,
             max_gas_fee_per_gas: None,
@@ -238,12 +241,11 @@ async fn evaluate_passes_volume_at_exact_limit() {
         .unwrap();
 
     // Record a past transfer of 900, with current transfer 100 => exactly 1000 limit
-    use crate::db::{models::NewEvmTokenTransferLog, schema::evm_token_transfer_log};
-    insert_into(evm_token_transfer_log::table)
-        .values(NewEvmTokenTransferLog {
+    insert_into(db::schema::evm_token_transfer_log::table)
+        .values(db::models::NewEvmTokenTransferLog {
             grant_id,
             log_id: 0,
-            chain_id: CHAIN_ID as i32,
+            chain_id: CHAIN_ID.into(),
             token_contract: DAI.to_vec(),
             recipient_address: RECIPIENT.to_vec(),
             value: utils::u256_to_bytes(U256::from(900u64)).to_vec(),
@@ -283,12 +285,11 @@ async fn evaluate_rejects_volume_over_limit() {
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
-    use crate::db::{models::NewEvmTokenTransferLog, schema::evm_token_transfer_log};
-    insert_into(evm_token_transfer_log::table)
-        .values(NewEvmTokenTransferLog {
+    insert_into(db::schema::evm_token_transfer_log::table)
+        .values(db::models::NewEvmTokenTransferLog {
             grant_id,
             log_id: 0,
-            chain_id: CHAIN_ID as i32,
+            chain_id: CHAIN_ID.into(),
             token_contract: DAI.to_vec(),
             recipient_address: RECIPIENT.to_vec(),
             value: utils::u256_to_bytes(U256::from(1_000u64)).to_vec(),
@@ -419,7 +420,7 @@ proptest::proptest! {
     ) {
         use rand::{SeedableRng, seq::SliceRandom};
         use sha2::Digest;
-        use crate::crypto::integrity::hashing::Hashable;
+        use arbiter_crypto::hashing::Hashable;
 
         let limits: Vec<VolumeRateLimit> = raw_limits
             .iter()

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/safe_signer.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Mutex;
+use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 
 use alloy::{
     consensus::SignableTransaction,
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ use alloy::{
     primitives::{Address, B256, ChainId, Signature},
     signers::{Error, Result, Signer, SignerSync, utils::secret_key_to_address},
 };
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use k256::ecdsa::{self, RecoveryId, SigningKey, signature::hazmat::PrehashSigner};
+use std::sync::Mutex;
 
 /// An Ethereum signer that stores its secp256k1 secret key inside a
 /// hardware-protected [`MemSafe`] cell.
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for SafeSigner {
 /// Returns the protected key bytes and the derived Ethereum address.
 pub fn generate(rng: &mut impl rand::Rng) -> (SafeCell<[u8; 32]>, Address) {
     loop {
-        let mut cell = SafeCell::new_inline(|w: &mut [u8; 32]| {
+        let mut cell = SafeCell::new_inline_default(|w: &mut [u8; 32]| {
             rng.fill_bytes(w);
         });
 
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ impl SafeSigner {
         })
     }
 
+    #[expect(clippy::significant_drop_tightening, reason = "false positive")]
     fn sign_hash_inner(&self, hash: &B256) -> Result<Signature> {
-        #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
         let mut cell = self.key.lock().expect("SafeSigner mutex poisoned");
         let reader = cell.read();
         let sig: (ecdsa::Signature, RecoveryId) = reader.sign_prehash(hash.as_ref())?;
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ impl SafeSigner {
         {
             return Err(Error::TransactionChainIdMismatch {
                 signer: chain_id,
-                #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
                 tx: tx.chain_id().expect("Chain ID is guaranteed to be set"),
             });
         }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/utils.rs

@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ use alloy::primitives::U256;
 
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 #[error("Expected {expected} bytes but got {actual} bytes")]
-pub struct LengthError {
-    pub expected: usize,
-    pub actual: usize,
+pub(super) struct LengthError {
+    pub(super) expected: usize,
+    pub(super) actual: usize,
 }
 
-pub fn u256_to_bytes(value: U256) -> [u8; 32] {
+pub const fn u256_to_bytes(value: U256) -> [u8; 32] {
     value.to_le_bytes()
 }
-pub fn bytes_to_u256(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<U256> {
+pub(super) fn bytes_to_u256(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<U256> {
     let bytes: [u8; 32] = bytes.try_into().ok()?;
     Some(U256::from_le_bytes(bytes))
 }
 
-pub fn try_bytes_to_u256(bytes: &[u8]) -> diesel::result::QueryResult<U256> {
+pub(super) fn try_bytes_to_u256(bytes: &[u8]) -> diesel::result::QueryResult<U256> {
     let bytes: [u8; 32] = bytes.try_into().map_err(|_| {
         diesel::result::Error::DeserializationError(Box::new(LengthError {
             expected: 32,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/client.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+use crate::{
+    grpc::request_tracker::RequestTracker,
+    peers::client::{ClientConnection, session::ClientSession},
+};
 use arbiter_proto::{
     proto::client::{
         ClientRequest, ClientResponse, client_request::Payload as ClientRequestPayload,
@@ -5,15 +9,11 @@ use arbiter_proto::{
     },
     transport::{Receiver, Sender, grpc::GrpcBi},
 };
+
 use kameo::actor::{ActorRef, Spawn as _};
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::{info, warn};
 
-use crate::{
-    grpc::request_tracker::RequestTracker,
-    peers::client::{ClientConnection, session::ClientSession},
-};
-
 mod auth;
 mod evm;
 mod inbound;
@@ -98,8 +98,7 @@ pub async fn start(mut conn: ClientConnection, mut bi: GrpcBi<ClientRequest, Cli
         Err(err) => {
             let _ = bi
                 .send(Err(Status::unauthenticated(format!(
-                    "Authentication failed: {}",
-                    err
+                    "Authentication failed: {err}",
                 ))))
                 .await;
             warn!(error = ?err, "Client authentication failed");

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/client/auth.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+use crate::{
+    grpc::{Convert, request_tracker::RequestTracker},
+    peers::client::{ClientConnection, auth},
+};
 use arbiter_crypto::authn;
 use arbiter_proto::{
     ClientMetadata,
@@ -17,22 +21,18 @@ use arbiter_proto::{
     },
     transport::{Bi, Error as TransportError, Receiver, Sender, grpc::GrpcBi},
 };
+
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::{
-    grpc::request_tracker::RequestTracker,
-    peers::client::{self, ClientConnection, auth},
-};
-
-pub struct AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
+pub(super) struct AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
     bi: &'a mut GrpcBi<ClientRequest, ClientResponse>,
     request_tracker: &'a mut RequestTracker,
 }
 
 impl<'a> AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
-    pub fn new(
+    pub(super) const fn new(
         bi: &'a mut GrpcBi<ClientRequest, ClientResponse>,
         request_tracker: &'a mut RequestTracker,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -42,40 +42,6 @@ impl<'a> AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn response_to_proto(response: auth::Outbound) -> AuthResponsePayload {
-        match response {
-            auth::Outbound::AuthChallenge { pubkey, nonce } => {
-                AuthResponsePayload::Challenge(ProtoAuthChallenge {
-                    pubkey: pubkey.to_bytes(),
-                    nonce,
-                })
-            }
-            auth::Outbound::AuthSuccess => {
-                AuthResponsePayload::Result(ProtoAuthResult::Success.into())
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn error_to_proto(error: auth::Error) -> AuthResponsePayload {
-        AuthResponsePayload::Result(
-            match error {
-                auth::Error::InvalidChallengeSolution => ProtoAuthResult::InvalidSignature,
-                auth::Error::ApproveError(auth::ApproveError::Denied) => {
-                    ProtoAuthResult::ApprovalDenied
-                }
-                auth::Error::ApproveError(auth::ApproveError::Upstream(
-                    crate::actors::flow_coordinator::ApprovalError::NoUserAgentsConnected,
-                )) => ProtoAuthResult::NoUserAgentsOnline,
-                auth::Error::ApproveError(auth::ApproveError::Internal)
-                | auth::Error::DatabasePoolUnavailable
-                | auth::Error::DatabaseOperationFailed
-                | auth::Error::IntegrityCheckFailed
-                | auth::Error::Transport => ProtoAuthResult::Internal,
-            }
-            .into(),
-        )
-    }
-
     async fn send_client_response(
         &mut self,
         payload: AuthResponsePayload,
@@ -103,8 +69,8 @@ impl Sender<Result<auth::Outbound, auth::Error>> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
         item: Result<auth::Outbound, auth::Error>,
     ) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
         let payload = match item {
-            Ok(message) => AuthTransportAdapter::response_to_proto(message),
-            Err(err) => AuthTransportAdapter::error_to_proto(err),
+            Ok(message) => message.convert(),
+            Err(err) => err.convert(),
         };
 
         self.send_client_response(payload).await
@@ -167,7 +133,7 @@ impl Receiver<auth::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
                 };
                 Some(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
                     pubkey,
-                    metadata: client_metadata_from_proto(client_info),
+                    metadata: client_info.convert(),
                 })
             }
             AuthRequestPayload::ChallengeSolution(ProtoAuthChallengeSolution { signature }) => {
@@ -185,19 +151,69 @@ impl Receiver<auth::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
 
 impl Bi<auth::Inbound, Result<auth::Outbound, auth::Error>> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {}
 
-fn client_metadata_from_proto(metadata: ProtoClientInfo) -> ClientMetadata {
-    ClientMetadata {
-        name: metadata.name,
-        description: metadata.description,
-        version: metadata.version,
+impl Convert for ProtoClientInfo {
+    type Output = ClientMetadata;
+
+    fn convert(self) -> Self::Output {
+        ClientMetadata {
+            name: self.name,
+            description: self.description,
+            version: self.version,
+        }
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn start(
+impl Convert for auth::Error {
+    type Output = AuthResponsePayload;
+
+    fn convert(self) -> Self::Output {
+        use auth::Error::{
+            ApproveError, DatabaseOperationFailed, DatabasePoolUnavailable, IntegrityCheckFailed,
+            InvalidChallengeSolution, Transport,
+        };
+        AuthResponsePayload::Result(
+            match self {
+                InvalidChallengeSolution => ProtoAuthResult::InvalidSignature,
+                ApproveError(auth::ApproveError::Denied) => ProtoAuthResult::ApprovalDenied,
+                ApproveError(auth::ApproveError::Upstream(
+                    crate::actors::flow_coordinator::ApprovalError::NoOperatorsConnected,
+                )) => ProtoAuthResult::NoOperatorsOnline,
+                ApproveError(auth::ApproveError::Internal)
+                | DatabasePoolUnavailable
+                | DatabaseOperationFailed
+                | IntegrityCheckFailed
+                | Transport => ProtoAuthResult::Internal,
+            }
+            .into(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl Convert for auth::Outbound {
+    type Output = AuthResponsePayload;
+
+    fn convert(self) -> Self::Output {
+        match self {
+            Self::AuthChallenge { challenge } => {
+                AuthResponsePayload::Challenge(ProtoAuthChallenge {
+                    timestamp_nanos: challenge
+                        .timestamp
+                        .timestamp_nanos_opt()
+                        .expect("timestamp within range")
+                        as u64,
+                    random: challenge.nonce.to_vec(),
+                })
+            }
+            Self::AuthSuccess => AuthResponsePayload::Result(ProtoAuthResult::Success.into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn start(
     conn: &mut ClientConnection,
     bi: &mut GrpcBi<ClientRequest, ClientResponse>,
     request_tracker: &mut RequestTracker,
 ) -> Result<i32, auth::Error> {
     let mut transport = AuthTransportAdapter::new(bi, request_tracker);
-    client::auth::authenticate(conn, &mut transport).await
+    auth::authenticate(conn, &mut transport).await
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/client/evm.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+use crate::{
+    grpc::{
+        Convert, TryConvert,
+        common::inbound::{RawEvmAddress, RawEvmTransaction},
+    },
+    peers::client::session::{ClientSession, HandleSignTransaction, SignTransactionRpcError},
+};
 use arbiter_proto::proto::{
     client::{
         client_response::Payload as ClientResponsePayload,
@@ -11,19 +18,12 @@ use arbiter_proto::proto::{
         evm_sign_transaction_response::Result as EvmSignTransactionResult,
     },
 };
+
 use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::{
-    grpc::{
-        Convert, TryConvert,
-        common::inbound::{RawEvmAddress, RawEvmTransaction},
-    },
-    peers::client::session::{ClientSession, HandleSignTransaction, SignTransactionRpcError},
-};
-
-fn wrap_response(payload: EvmResponsePayload) -> ClientResponsePayload {
+const fn wrap_response(payload: EvmResponsePayload) -> ClientResponsePayload {
     ClientResponsePayload::Evm(proto_evm::Response {
         payload: Some(payload),
     })

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/client/vault.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+use crate::{
+    actors::vault::VaultState,
+    peers::client::session::{ClientSession, Error, HandleQueryVaultState},
+};
 use arbiter_proto::proto::{
     client::{
         client_response::Payload as ClientResponsePayload,
@@ -8,15 +12,11 @@ use arbiter_proto::proto::{
     },
     shared::VaultState as ProtoVaultState,
 };
+
 use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, error::SendError};
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::{
-    actors::vault::VaultState,
-    peers::client::session::{ClientSession, Error, HandleQueryVaultState},
-};
-
 pub(super) async fn dispatch(
     actor: &ActorRef<ClientSession>,
     req: proto_vault::Request,
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub(super) async fn dispatch(
     };
 
     match payload {
-        VaultRequestPayload::QueryState(_) => {
+        VaultRequestPayload::QueryState(()) => {
             let state = match actor.ask(HandleQueryVaultState {}).await {
                 Ok(VaultState::Unbootstrapped) => ProtoVaultState::Unbootstrapped,
                 Ok(VaultState::Sealed) => ProtoVaultState::Sealed,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/common.rs

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-pub mod inbound;
-pub mod outbound;
+pub(super) mod inbound;
+pub(super) mod outbound;

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/common/inbound.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use alloy::{consensus::TxEip1559, primitives::Address, rlp::Decodable as _};
-
 use crate::grpc::TryConvert;
 
-pub struct RawEvmAddress(pub Vec<u8>);
+use alloy::{consensus::TxEip1559, primitives::Address, rlp::Decodable as _};
+
+pub(in crate::grpc) struct RawEvmAddress(pub(in crate::grpc) Vec<u8>);
 impl TryConvert for RawEvmAddress {
     type Output = Address;
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ impl TryConvert for RawEvmAddress {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct RawEvmTransaction(pub Vec<u8>);
+pub(in crate::grpc) struct RawEvmTransaction(pub(in crate::grpc) Vec<u8>);
 impl TryConvert for RawEvmTransaction {
     type Output = TxEip1559;
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/common/outbound.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-use alloy::primitives::U256;
+use crate::{
+    evm::{
+        PolicyError, VetError,
+        policies::{EvalViolation, SpecificMeaning},
+    },
+    grpc::Convert,
+};
 use arbiter_proto::proto::{
     evm::{
         EvmError as ProtoEvmError,
@@ -14,13 +20,7 @@ use arbiter_proto::proto::{
     },
 };
 
-use crate::{
-    evm::{
-        PolicyError, VetError,
-        policies::{EvalViolation, SpecificMeaning},
-    },
-    grpc::Convert,
-};
+use alloy::primitives::U256;
 
 fn u256_to_proto_bytes(value: U256) -> Vec<u8> {
     value.to_be_bytes::<32>().to_vec()
@@ -31,16 +31,16 @@ impl Convert for SpecificMeaning {
 
     fn convert(self) -> Self::Output {
         let kind = match self {
-            SpecificMeaning::EtherTransfer(meaning) => ProtoSpecificMeaningKind::EtherTransfer(
+            Self::EtherTransfer(meaning) => ProtoSpecificMeaningKind::EtherTransfer(
                 arbiter_proto::proto::shared::evm::EtherTransferMeaning {
                     to: meaning.to.to_vec(),
                     value: u256_to_proto_bytes(meaning.value),
                 },
             ),
-            SpecificMeaning::TokenTransfer(meaning) => ProtoSpecificMeaningKind::TokenTransfer(
+            Self::TokenTransfer(meaning) => ProtoSpecificMeaningKind::TokenTransfer(
                 arbiter_proto::proto::shared::evm::TokenTransferMeaning {
                     token: Some(ProtoTokenInfo {
-                        symbol: meaning.token.symbol.to_string(),
+                        symbol: meaning.token.symbol.to_owned(),
                         address: meaning.token.contract.to_vec(),
                         chain_id: meaning.token.chain,
                     }),
@@ -61,25 +61,21 @@ impl Convert for EvalViolation {
 
     fn convert(self) -> Self::Output {
         let kind = match self {
-            EvalViolation::InvalidTarget { target } => {
+            Self::InvalidTarget { target } => {
                 ProtoEvalViolationKind::InvalidTarget(target.to_vec())
             }
-            EvalViolation::GasLimitExceeded {
+            Self::GasLimitExceeded {
                 max_gas_fee_per_gas,
                 max_priority_fee_per_gas,
             } => ProtoEvalViolationKind::GasLimitExceeded(GasLimitExceededViolation {
                 max_gas_fee_per_gas: max_gas_fee_per_gas.map(u256_to_proto_bytes),
                 max_priority_fee_per_gas: max_priority_fee_per_gas.map(u256_to_proto_bytes),
             }),
-            EvalViolation::RateLimitExceeded => ProtoEvalViolationKind::RateLimitExceeded(()),
-            EvalViolation::VolumetricLimitExceeded => {
-                ProtoEvalViolationKind::VolumetricLimitExceeded(())
-            }
-            EvalViolation::InvalidTime => ProtoEvalViolationKind::InvalidTime(()),
-            EvalViolation::InvalidTransactionType => {
-                ProtoEvalViolationKind::InvalidTransactionType(())
-            }
-            EvalViolation::MismatchingChainId { expected, actual } => {
+            Self::RateLimitExceeded => ProtoEvalViolationKind::RateLimitExceeded(()),
+            Self::VolumetricLimitExceeded => ProtoEvalViolationKind::VolumetricLimitExceeded(()),
+            Self::InvalidTime => ProtoEvalViolationKind::InvalidTime(()),
+            Self::InvalidTransactionType => ProtoEvalViolationKind::InvalidTransactionType(()),
+            Self::MismatchingChainId { expected, actual } => {
                 ProtoEvalViolationKind::ChainIdMismatch(proto_eval_violation::ChainIdMismatch {
                     expected,
                     actual,
@@ -96,13 +92,13 @@ impl Convert for VetError {
 
     fn convert(self) -> Self::Output {
         let kind = match self {
-            VetError::ContractCreationNotSupported => {
+            Self::ContractCreationNotSupported => {
                 ProtoTransactionEvalErrorKind::ContractCreationNotSupported(())
             }
-            VetError::UnsupportedTransactionType => {
+            Self::UnsupportedTransactionType => {
                 ProtoTransactionEvalErrorKind::UnsupportedTransactionType(())
             }
-            VetError::Evaluated(meaning, policy_error) => match policy_error {
+            Self::Evaluated(meaning, policy_error) => match policy_error {
                 PolicyError::NoMatchingGrant => {
                     ProtoTransactionEvalErrorKind::NoMatchingGrant(NoMatchingGrantError {
                         meaning: Some(meaning.convert()),

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/mod.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
+use crate::peers::{client::ClientConnection, operator::OperatorConnection};
 use arbiter_proto::{
     proto::{
         client::{ClientRequest, ClientResponse},
-        user_agent::{UserAgentRequest, UserAgentResponse},
+        operator::{OperatorRequest, OperatorResponse},
     },
     transport::grpc::GrpcBi,
 };
+
 use tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream;
 use tonic::{Request, Response, Status, async_trait};
 use tracing::info;
 
-use crate::{
-    peers::{client::ClientConnection, user_agent::UserAgentConnection},
-};
-
 mod request_tracker;
 
 pub mod client;
-pub mod user_agent;
+pub mod operator;
 
 mod common;
 
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ pub trait TryConvert {
 
 #[async_trait]
 impl arbiter_proto::proto::arbiter_service_server::ArbiterService for super::Server {
-    type UserAgentStream = ReceiverStream<Result<UserAgentResponse, Status>>;
+    type OperatorStream = ReceiverStream<Result<OperatorResponse, Status>>;
     type ClientStream = ReceiverStream<Result<ClientResponse, Status>>;
 
     #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self))]
@@ -54,23 +52,23 @@ impl arbiter_proto::proto::arbiter_service_server::ArbiterService for super::Ser
     }
 
     #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self))]
-    async fn user_agent(
+    async fn operator(
         &self,
-        request: Request<tonic::Streaming<UserAgentRequest>>,
-    ) -> Result<Response<Self::UserAgentStream>, Status> {
+        request: Request<tonic::Streaming<OperatorRequest>>,
+    ) -> Result<Response<Self::OperatorStream>, Status> {
         let req_stream = request.into_inner();
 
         let (bi, rx) = GrpcBi::from_bi_stream(req_stream);
 
-        tokio::spawn(user_agent::start(
-            UserAgentConnection {
+        tokio::spawn(operator::start(
+            OperatorConnection {
                 db: self.context.db.clone(),
                 actors: self.context.actors.clone(),
             },
             bi,
         ));
 
-        info!(event = "connection established", "grpc.user_agent");
+        info!(event = "connection established", "grpc.operator");
 
         Ok(Response::new(rx))
     }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+use crate::{
+    grpc::request_tracker::RequestTracker,
+    peers::operator::{OutOfBand, OperatorConnection, OperatorSession},
+};
+use arbiter_proto::{
+    proto::operator::{
+        OperatorRequest, OperatorResponse,
+        operator_request::Payload as OperatorRequestPayload,
+        operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
+    },
+    transport::{Error as TransportError, Receiver, Sender, grpc::GrpcBi},
+};
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use tonic::Status;
+use tracing::{error, info, warn};
+
+mod auth;
+mod evm;
+mod governance;
+mod inbound;
+mod outbound;
+mod sdk_client;
+mod vault;
+mod vault_gate;
+
+pub struct OutOfBandAdapter(mpsc::Sender<OutOfBand>);
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl Sender<OutOfBand> for OutOfBandAdapter {
+    async fn send(&mut self, item: OutOfBand) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.0.send(item).await.map_err(|e| {
+            warn!(error = ?e, "Failed to send out-of-band message");
+            TransportError::ChannelClosed
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+async fn dispatch_loop(
+    mut bi: GrpcBi<OperatorRequest, OperatorResponse>,
+    actor: ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+    mut receiver: mpsc::Receiver<OutOfBand>,
+    mut request_tracker: RequestTracker,
+) {
+    loop {
+        tokio::select! {
+            oob = receiver.recv() => {
+                let Some(oob) = oob else {
+                    warn!("Out-of-band message channel closed");
+                    return;
+                };
+
+                let payload = sdk_client::out_of_band_payload(oob);
+
+                if bi.send(Ok(OperatorResponse { id: None, payload: Some(payload) })).await.is_err() {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            message = bi.recv() => {
+                let Some(message) = message else { return; };
+
+                let conn = match message {
+                    Ok(conn) => conn,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        warn!(error = ?err, "Failed to receive operator request");
+                        return;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                let request_id = match request_tracker.request(conn.id) {
+                    Ok(id) => id,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        let _ = bi.send(Err(err)).await;
+                        return;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                let Some(payload) = conn.payload else {
+                    let _ = bi.send(Err(Status::invalid_argument("Missing operator request payload"))).await;
+                    return;
+                };
+
+                match dispatch_inner(&actor, payload).await {
+                    Ok(Some(response)) => {
+                        if bi.send(Ok(OperatorResponse {
+                            id: Some(request_id),
+                            payload: Some(response),
+                        })).await.is_err() {
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Ok(None) => {}
+                    Err(status) => {
+                        error!(?status, "Failed to process operator request");
+                        let _ = bi.send(Err(status)).await;
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+async fn dispatch_inner(
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+    payload: OperatorRequestPayload,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    match payload {
+        OperatorRequestPayload::Vault(req) => vault::dispatch(actor, req).await,
+        OperatorRequestPayload::Evm(req) => evm::dispatch(actor, req).await,
+        OperatorRequestPayload::SdkClient(req) => sdk_client::dispatch(actor, req).await,
+        OperatorRequestPayload::Auth(..) => {
+            warn!("Unsupported post-auth operator auth request");
+            Err(Status::invalid_argument("Unsupported operator request"))
+        }
+        OperatorRequestPayload::Governance(req) => governance::dispatch(actor, req).await,
+    }
+}
+
+pub async fn start(
+    mut conn: OperatorConnection,
+    mut bi: GrpcBi<OperatorRequest, OperatorResponse>,
+) {
+    let mut request_tracker = RequestTracker::default();
+
+    let (oob_sender, oob_receiver) = mpsc::channel(16);
+    let oob_adapter = OutOfBandAdapter(oob_sender);
+
+    let actor = {
+        let transport = auth::AuthTransportAdapter::new(&mut bi, &mut request_tracker);
+        match crate::peers::operator::start(&mut conn, transport, Box::new(oob_adapter)).await {
+            Ok(actor) => actor,
+            Err(e) => {
+                warn!(error = ?e, "Operator connection failed");
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    info!("Operator session established");
+
+    dispatch_loop(bi, actor.clone(), oob_receiver, request_tracker).await;
+    actor.kill();
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/auth.rs

@@ -1,35 +1,32 @@
+use crate::{grpc::request_tracker::RequestTracker, peers::operator::auth};
 use arbiter_crypto::authn;
 use arbiter_proto::{
-    proto::user_agent::{
-        UserAgentRequest, UserAgentResponse,
+    proto::operator::{
+        OperatorRequest, OperatorResponse,
         auth::{
             self as proto_auth, AuthChallenge as ProtoAuthChallenge,
             AuthChallengeRequest as ProtoAuthChallengeRequest,
             AuthChallengeSolution as ProtoAuthChallengeSolution, AuthResult as ProtoAuthResult,
             request::Payload as AuthRequestPayload, response::Payload as AuthResponsePayload,
         },
-        user_agent_request::Payload as UserAgentRequestPayload,
-        user_agent_response::Payload as UserAgentResponsePayload,
+        operator_request::Payload as OperatorRequestPayload,
+        operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
     },
     transport::{Bi, Error as TransportError, Receiver, Sender, grpc::GrpcBi},
 };
+
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::{
-    grpc::request_tracker::RequestTracker,
-    peers::user_agent::{AuthCredentials, UserAgentConnection, auth},
-};
-
-pub struct AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
-    bi: &'a mut GrpcBi<UserAgentRequest, UserAgentResponse>,
-    request_tracker: &'a mut RequestTracker,
+pub(super) struct AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
+    pub(super) bi: &'a mut GrpcBi<OperatorRequest, OperatorResponse>,
+    pub(super) request_tracker: &'a mut RequestTracker,
 }
 
 impl<'a> AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
-    pub fn new(
-        bi: &'a mut GrpcBi<UserAgentRequest, UserAgentResponse>,
+    pub(super) const fn new(
+        bi: &'a mut GrpcBi<OperatorRequest, OperatorResponse>,
         request_tracker: &'a mut RequestTracker,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -38,18 +35,34 @@ impl<'a> AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    async fn send_user_agent_response(
+    pub(super) const fn bi_mut(&mut self) -> &mut GrpcBi<OperatorRequest, OperatorResponse> {
+        self.bi
+    }
+
+    pub(super) const fn tracker_mut(&mut self) -> &mut RequestTracker {
+        self.request_tracker
+    }
+
+    pub(super) async fn send_response_payload(
+        &mut self,
+        payload: OperatorResponsePayload,
+    ) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.bi
+            .send(Ok(OperatorResponse {
+                id: Some(self.request_tracker.current_request_id()),
+                payload: Some(payload),
+            }))
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn send_operator_response(
         &mut self,
         payload: AuthResponsePayload,
     ) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
-        self.bi
-            .send(Ok(UserAgentResponse {
-                id: Some(self.request_tracker.current_request_id()),
-                payload: Some(UserAgentResponsePayload::Auth(proto_auth::Response {
-                    payload: Some(payload),
-                })),
-            }))
-            .await
+        self.send_response_payload(OperatorResponsePayload::Auth(proto_auth::Response {
+            payload: Some(payload),
+        }))
+        .await
     }
 }
 
@@ -61,8 +74,15 @@ impl Sender<Result<auth::Outbound, auth::Error>> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
     ) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
         use auth::{Error, Outbound};
         let payload = match item {
-            Ok(Outbound::AuthChallenge { nonce }) => {
-                AuthResponsePayload::Challenge(ProtoAuthChallenge { nonce })
+            Ok(Outbound::AuthChallenge { challenge }) => {
+                AuthResponsePayload::Challenge(ProtoAuthChallenge {
+                    timestamp_nanos: challenge
+                        .timestamp
+                        .timestamp_nanos_opt()
+                        .expect("timestamp within range")
+                        as u64,
+                    random: challenge.nonce.to_vec(),
+                })
             }
             Ok(Outbound::AuthSuccess) => {
                 AuthResponsePayload::Result(ProtoAuthResult::Success.into())
@@ -87,7 +107,7 @@ impl Sender<Result<auth::Outbound, auth::Error>> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
             }
         };
 
-        self.send_user_agent_response(payload).await
+        self.send_operator_response(payload).await
     }
 }
 
@@ -97,7 +117,7 @@ impl Receiver<auth::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
         let request = match self.bi.recv().await? {
             Ok(request) => request,
             Err(error) => {
-                warn!(error = ?error, "Failed to receive user agent auth request");
+                warn!(error = ?error, "Failed to receive operator auth request");
                 return None;
             }
         };
@@ -113,16 +133,16 @@ impl Receiver<auth::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
         let Some(payload) = request.payload else {
             warn!(
                 event = "received request with empty payload",
-                "grpc.useragent.auth_adapter"
+                "grpc.operator.auth_adapter"
             );
             return None;
         };
 
-        let UserAgentRequestPayload::Auth(auth_request) = payload else {
+        let OperatorRequestPayload::Auth(auth_request) = payload else {
             let _ = self
                 .bi
                 .send(Err(Status::invalid_argument(
-                    "Unsupported user-agent auth request",
+                    "Unsupported operator auth request",
                 )))
                 .await;
             return None;
@@ -131,7 +151,7 @@ impl Receiver<auth::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
         let Some(payload) = auth_request.payload else {
             warn!(
                 event = "received auth request with empty payload",
-                "grpc.useragent.auth_adapter"
+                "grpc.operator.auth_adapter"
             );
             return None;
         };
@@ -144,7 +164,7 @@ impl Receiver<auth::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
                 let Ok(pubkey) = authn::PublicKey::try_from(pubkey.as_slice()) else {
                     warn!(
                         event = "received request with invalid public key",
-                        "grpc.useragent.auth_adapter"
+                        "grpc.operator.auth_adapter"
                     );
                     return None;
                 };
@@ -162,12 +182,3 @@ impl Receiver<auth::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
 }
 
 impl Bi<auth::Inbound, Result<auth::Outbound, auth::Error>> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {}
-
-pub async fn start(
-    conn: &mut UserAgentConnection,
-    bi: &mut GrpcBi<UserAgentRequest, UserAgentResponse>,
-    request_tracker: &mut RequestTracker,
-) -> Result<AuthCredentials, auth::Error> {
-    let transport = AuthTransportAdapter::new(bi, request_tracker);
-    auth::authenticate(conn, transport).await
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/evm.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+use crate::{
+    grpc::{
+        Convert, TryConvert,
+        common::inbound::{RawEvmAddress, RawEvmTransaction},
+    },
+    peers::operator::{
+        OperatorSession,
+        session::handlers::{
+            GrantMutationError, HandleEvmWalletCreate, HandleEvmWalletList, HandleGrantCreate,
+            HandleGrantDelete, HandleGrantList, HandleSignTransaction,
+            SignTransactionError as SessionSignTransactionError,
+        },
+    },
+};
 use arbiter_proto::proto::{
     evm::{
         EvmError as ProtoEvmError, EvmGrantCreateRequest, EvmGrantCreateResponse,
@@ -10,50 +24,36 @@ use arbiter_proto::proto::{
         wallet_create_response::Result as WalletCreateResult,
         wallet_list_response::Result as WalletListResult,
     },
-    user_agent::{
+    operator::{
         evm::{
             self as proto_evm, SignTransactionRequest as ProtoSignTransactionRequest,
             request::Payload as EvmRequestPayload, response::Payload as EvmResponsePayload,
         },
-        user_agent_response::Payload as UserAgentResponsePayload,
+        operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
     },
 };
+
 use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::{
-    grpc::{
-        Convert, TryConvert,
-        common::inbound::{RawEvmAddress, RawEvmTransaction},
-    },
-    peers::user_agent::{
-        UserAgentSession,
-        session::handlers::{
-            GrantMutationError, HandleEvmWalletCreate, HandleEvmWalletList, HandleGrantCreate,
-            HandleGrantDelete, HandleGrantList, HandleSignTransaction,
-            SignTransactionError as SessionSignTransactionError,
-        },
-    },
-};
-
-fn wrap_evm_response(payload: EvmResponsePayload) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
-    UserAgentResponsePayload::Evm(proto_evm::Response {
+const fn wrap_evm_response(payload: EvmResponsePayload) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
+    OperatorResponsePayload::Evm(proto_evm::Response {
         payload: Some(payload),
     })
 }
 
 pub(super) async fn dispatch(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
     req: proto_evm::Request,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let Some(payload) = req.payload else {
         return Err(Status::invalid_argument("Missing EVM request payload"));
     };
 
     match payload {
-        EvmRequestPayload::WalletCreate(_) => handle_wallet_create(actor).await,
-        EvmRequestPayload::WalletList(_) => handle_wallet_list(actor).await,
+        EvmRequestPayload::WalletCreate(()) => handle_wallet_create(actor).await,
+        EvmRequestPayload::WalletList(()) => handle_wallet_list(actor).await,
         EvmRequestPayload::GrantCreate(req) => handle_grant_create(actor, req).await,
         EvmRequestPayload::GrantDelete(req) => handle_grant_delete(actor, req).await,
         EvmRequestPayload::GrantList(_) => handle_grant_list(actor).await,
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ pub(super) async fn dispatch(
 }
 
 async fn handle_wallet_create(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let result = match actor.ask(HandleEvmWalletCreate {}).await {
         Ok((wallet_id, address)) => WalletCreateResult::Wallet(WalletEntry {
             id: wallet_id,
@@ -82,15 +82,15 @@ async fn handle_wallet_create(
 }
 
 async fn handle_wallet_list(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let result = match actor.ask(HandleEvmWalletList {}).await {
         Ok(wallets) => WalletListResult::Wallets(WalletList {
             wallets: wallets
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|(id, address)| WalletEntry {
                     address: address.to_vec(),
-                    id,
+                    id: id.to_raw(),
                 })
                 .collect(),
         }),
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ async fn handle_wallet_list(
 }
 
 async fn handle_grant_list(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let result = match actor.ask(HandleGrantList {}).await {
         Ok(grants) => EvmGrantListResult::Grants(EvmGrantList {
             grants: grants
@@ -134,9 +134,9 @@ async fn handle_grant_list(
 }
 
 async fn handle_grant_create(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
     req: EvmGrantCreateRequest,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let basic = req
         .shared
         .ok_or_else(|| Status::invalid_argument("Missing shared grant settings"))?
@@ -164,9 +164,9 @@ async fn handle_grant_create(
 }
 
 async fn handle_grant_delete(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
     req: EvmGrantDeleteRequest,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let result = match actor
         .ask(HandleGrantDelete {
             grant_id: req.grant_id,
@@ -190,9 +190,9 @@ async fn handle_grant_delete(
 }
 
 async fn handle_sign_transaction(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
     req: ProtoSignTransactionRequest,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let request = req
         .request
         .ok_or_else(|| Status::invalid_argument("Missing sign transaction request"))?;

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/governance.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+use crate::{
+    actors::proposal_manager::{Error as ProposalError, ProposalKind, VoteOutcome},
+    peers::operator::{
+        OperatorSession,
+        session::handlers::{HandleCastVote, HandleCreateProposal, HandleQueryPending},
+    },
+};
+use arbiter_proto::proto::operator::{
+    governance::{
+        self as proto_gov, CreateProposalRequest, QueryPendingRequest, QueryPendingResponse,
+        VoteOutcome as ProtoVoteOutcome, create_proposal_request::Kind as ProtoKind,
+        request::Payload as GovRequestPayload, response::Payload as GovResponsePayload,
+    },
+    operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
+};
+use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
+use tonic::Status;
+use tracing::warn;
+
+const fn wrap(payload: GovResponsePayload) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
+    OperatorResponsePayload::Governance(proto_gov::Response {
+        payload: Some(payload),
+    })
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn dispatch(
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+    req: proto_gov::Request,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let Some(payload) = req.payload else {
+        return Err(Status::invalid_argument(
+            "Missing governance request payload",
+        ));
+    };
+
+    match payload {
+        GovRequestPayload::Create(req) => handle_create(actor, req).await,
+        GovRequestPayload::Vote(req) => handle_vote(actor, req).await,
+        GovRequestPayload::Query(QueryPendingRequest {}) => handle_query(actor).await,
+    }
+}
+
+async fn handle_create(
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+    req: CreateProposalRequest,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let kind = match req.kind {
+        Some(ProtoKind::ApproveSdkClient(p)) => ProposalKind::ApproveSdkClient {
+            client_id: p.client_id,
+        },
+        None => return Err(Status::invalid_argument("Missing proposal kind")),
+    };
+    let ttl_secs = req.ttl_secs.map(i64::from);
+
+    let proposal_id = actor
+        .ask(HandleCreateProposal { kind, ttl_secs })
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            warn!(?e, "create_proposal failed");
+            Status::internal("Failed to create proposal")
+        })?;
+
+    Ok(Some(wrap(GovResponsePayload::Created(
+        proto_gov::CreateProposalResponse { proposal_id },
+    ))))
+}
+
+async fn handle_vote(
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+    req: proto_gov::CastVoteRequest,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let result = actor
+        .ask(HandleCastVote {
+            proposal_id: req.proposal_id,
+            approve: req.approve,
+            signature: req.signature,
+        })
+        .await;
+
+    let outcome = match result {
+        Ok(VoteOutcome::Pending) => ProtoVoteOutcome::Pending,
+        Ok(VoteOutcome::QuorumApproved) => ProtoVoteOutcome::Approved,
+        Ok(VoteOutcome::QuorumRejected) => ProtoVoteOutcome::Rejected,
+        Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(ProposalError::AlreadyVoted)) => {
+            return Err(Status::invalid_argument("Already voted on this proposal"));
+        }
+        Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(ProposalError::InvalidSignature)) => {
+            return Err(Status::invalid_argument("Invalid vote signature"));
+        }
+        Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(ProposalError::ProposalNotFound)) => {
+            return Err(Status::not_found("Proposal not found"));
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            warn!(?e, "cast_vote failed");
+            return Err(Status::internal("Failed to cast vote"));
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok(Some(wrap(GovResponsePayload::Voted(
+        proto_gov::VoteResponse {
+            outcome: outcome.into(),
+        },
+    ))))
+}
+
+async fn handle_query(
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let summaries = actor.ask(HandleQueryPending {}).await.unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let proposals = summaries
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|s| proto_gov::ProposalSummary {
+            id: s.id,
+            kind: s.kind,
+            initiator_id: s.initiator_id,
+            expires_at: s.expires_at.0.timestamp(),
+            approve_count: s.approve_count,
+            reject_count: s.reject_count,
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    Ok(Some(wrap(GovResponsePayload::Pending(
+        QueryPendingResponse { proposals },
+    ))))
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/inbound.rs

@@ -1,32 +1,31 @@
-use alloy::primitives::{Address, U256};
-use arbiter_proto::proto::evm::{
-    EtherTransferSettings as ProtoEtherTransferSettings, SharedSettings as ProtoSharedSettings,
-    SpecificGrant as ProtoSpecificGrant, TokenTransferSettings as ProtoTokenTransferSettings,
-    TransactionRateLimit as ProtoTransactionRateLimit, VolumeRateLimit as ProtoVolumeRateLimit,
-    specific_grant::Grant as ProtoSpecificGrantType,
-};
-use arbiter_proto::proto::user_agent::sdk_client::{
-    WalletAccess, WalletAccessEntry as SdkClientWalletAccess,
-};
-use chrono::{DateTime, TimeZone, Utc};
-use prost_types::Timestamp as ProtoTimestamp;
-use tonic::Status;
-
-use crate::db::models::{CoreEvmWalletAccess, NewEvmWalletAccess};
-use crate::grpc::Convert;
 use crate::{
+    db::models::{CoreEvmWalletAccess, EvmWalletId, NewEvmWalletAccess},
     evm::policies::{
         SharedGrantSettings, SpecificGrant, TransactionRateLimit, VolumeRateLimit, ether_transfer,
         token_transfers,
     },
-    grpc::TryConvert,
+    grpc::{Convert, TryConvert},
+};
+use arbiter_proto::{
+    proto::evm::{
+        EtherTransferSettings as ProtoEtherTransferSettings, SharedSettings as ProtoSharedSettings,
+        SpecificGrant as ProtoSpecificGrant, TokenTransferSettings as ProtoTokenTransferSettings,
+        TransactionRateLimit as ProtoTransactionRateLimit, VolumeRateLimit as ProtoVolumeRateLimit,
+        specific_grant::Grant as ProtoSpecificGrantType,
+    },
+    proto::operator::sdk_client::{WalletAccess, WalletAccessEntry as SdkClientWalletAccess},
 };
 
-fn address_from_bytes(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Address, Status> {
+use alloy::primitives::{Address, U256};
+use chrono::{DateTime, TimeZone, Utc};
+use prost_types::Timestamp as ProtoTimestamp;
+use tonic::Status;
+
+fn address_from_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Address, Status> {
     if bytes.len() != 20 {
         return Err(Status::invalid_argument("Invalid EVM address"));
     }
-    Ok(Address::from_slice(&bytes))
+    Ok(Address::from_slice(bytes))
 }
 
 fn u256_from_proto_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<U256, Status> {
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ impl TryConvert for ProtoTimestamp {
     type Error = Status;
 
     fn try_convert(self) -> Result<DateTime<Utc>, Status> {
-        Utc.timestamp_opt(self.seconds, self.nanos as u32)
+        Utc.timestamp_opt(self.seconds, self.nanos.try_into().unwrap_or_default())
             .single()
             .ok_or_else(|| Status::invalid_argument("Invalid timestamp"))
     }
@@ -116,7 +115,8 @@ impl TryConvert for ProtoSpecificGrant {
                 limit,
             })) => Ok(SpecificGrant::EtherTransfer(ether_transfer::Settings {
                 target: targets
-                    .into_iter()
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(Vec::as_slice)
                     .map(address_from_bytes)
                     .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?,
                 limit: limit
@@ -130,8 +130,10 @@ impl TryConvert for ProtoSpecificGrant {
                 target,
                 volume_limits,
             })) => Ok(SpecificGrant::TokenTransfer(token_transfers::Settings {
-                token_contract: address_from_bytes(token_contract)?,
-                target: target.map(address_from_bytes).transpose()?,
+                token_contract: address_from_bytes(&token_contract)?,
+                target: target
+                    .map(|target| address_from_bytes(&target))
+                    .transpose()?,
                 volume_limits: volume_limits
                     .into_iter()
                     .map(ProtoVolumeRateLimit::try_convert)
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ impl Convert for WalletAccess {
 
     fn convert(self) -> Self::Output {
         NewEvmWalletAccess {
-            wallet_id: self.wallet_id,
+            wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(self.wallet_id),
             client_id: self.sdk_client_id,
         }
     }
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@ impl TryConvert for SdkClientWalletAccess {
             return Err(Status::invalid_argument("Missing wallet access entry"));
         };
         Ok(CoreEvmWalletAccess {
-            wallet_id: access.wallet_id,
+            wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(access.wallet_id),
             client_id: access.sdk_client_id,
             id: self.id,
         })

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/outbound.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+use crate::{
+    db::models::EvmWalletAccess,
+    evm::policies::{SharedGrantSettings, SpecificGrant, TransactionRateLimit, VolumeRateLimit},
+    grpc::Convert,
+};
 use arbiter_proto::proto::{
     evm::{
         EtherTransferSettings as ProtoEtherTransferSettings, SharedSettings as ProtoSharedSettings,
@@ -5,24 +10,19 @@ use arbiter_proto::proto::{
         TransactionRateLimit as ProtoTransactionRateLimit, VolumeRateLimit as ProtoVolumeRateLimit,
         specific_grant::Grant as ProtoSpecificGrantType,
     },
-    user_agent::sdk_client::{WalletAccess, WalletAccessEntry as ProtoSdkClientWalletAccess},
+    operator::sdk_client::{WalletAccess, WalletAccessEntry as ProtoSdkClientWalletAccess},
 };
+
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use prost_types::Timestamp as ProtoTimestamp;
 
-use crate::{
-    db::models::EvmWalletAccess,
-    evm::policies::{SharedGrantSettings, SpecificGrant, TransactionRateLimit, VolumeRateLimit},
-    grpc::Convert,
-};
-
 impl Convert for DateTime<Utc> {
     type Output = ProtoTimestamp;
 
     fn convert(self) -> ProtoTimestamp {
         ProtoTimestamp {
             seconds: self.timestamp(),
-            nanos: self.timestamp_subsec_nanos() as i32,
+            nanos: self.timestamp_subsec_nanos().try_into().unwrap_or(i32::MAX),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ impl Convert for SpecificGrant {
 
     fn convert(self) -> ProtoSpecificGrant {
         let grant = match self {
-            SpecificGrant::EtherTransfer(s) => {
+            Self::EtherTransfer(s) => {
                 ProtoSpecificGrantType::EtherTransfer(ProtoEtherTransferSettings {
                     targets: s.target.into_iter().map(|a| a.to_vec()).collect(),
                     limit: Some(s.limit.convert()),
                 })
             }
-            SpecificGrant::TokenTransfer(s) => {
+            Self::TokenTransfer(s) => {
                 ProtoSpecificGrantType::TokenTransfer(ProtoTokenTransferSettings {
                     token_contract: s.token_contract.to_vec(),
                     target: s.target.map(|a| a.to_vec()),
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl Convert for EvmWalletAccess {
         Self::Output {
             id: self.id,
             access: Some(WalletAccess {
-                wallet_id: self.wallet_id,
+                wallet_id: self.wallet_id.to_raw(),
                 sdk_client_id: self.client_id,
             }),
         }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/sdk_client.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,18 @@
+use crate::{
+    db::models::NewEvmWalletAccess,
+    grpc::Convert,
+    peers::operator::{
+        OperatorSession, OutOfBand,
+        session::handlers::{
+            HandleGrantEvmWalletAccess, HandleListWalletAccess, HandleNewClientApprove,
+            HandleRevokeEvmWalletAccess, HandleSdkClientList,
+        },
+    },
+};
 use arbiter_crypto::authn;
 use arbiter_proto::proto::{
-    shared::ClientInfo as ProtoClientMetadata,
-    user_agent::{
+    operator::{
+        operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
         sdk_client::{
             self as proto_sdk_client, ConnectionCancel as ProtoSdkClientConnectionCancel,
             ConnectionRequest as ProtoSdkClientConnectionRequest,
@@ -13,32 +24,21 @@ use arbiter_proto::proto::{
             request::Payload as SdkClientRequestPayload,
             response::Payload as SdkClientResponsePayload,
         },
-        user_agent_response::Payload as UserAgentResponsePayload,
     },
+    shared::ClientInfo as ProtoClientMetadata,
 };
+
 use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::{info, warn};
 
-use crate::{
-    db::models::NewEvmWalletAccess,
-    grpc::Convert,
-    peers::user_agent::{
-        OutOfBand, UserAgentSession,
-        session::handlers::{
-            HandleGrantEvmWalletAccess, HandleListWalletAccess, HandleNewClientApprove,
-            HandleRevokeEvmWalletAccess, HandleSdkClientList,
-        },
-    },
-};
-
-fn wrap_sdk_client_response(payload: SdkClientResponsePayload) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
-    UserAgentResponsePayload::SdkClient(proto_sdk_client::Response {
+const fn wrap_sdk_client_response(payload: SdkClientResponsePayload) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
+    OperatorResponsePayload::SdkClient(proto_sdk_client::Response {
         payload: Some(payload),
     })
 }
 
-pub(super) fn out_of_band_payload(oob: OutOfBand) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
+pub(super) fn out_of_band_payload(oob: OutOfBand) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
     match oob {
         OutOfBand::ClientConnectionRequest { profile } => wrap_sdk_client_response(
             SdkClientResponsePayload::ConnectionRequest(ProtoSdkClientConnectionRequest {
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ pub(super) fn out_of_band_payload(oob: OutOfBand) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
 }
 
 pub(super) async fn dispatch(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
     req: proto_sdk_client::Request,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let Some(payload) = req.payload else {
         return Err(Status::invalid_argument(
             "Missing SDK client request payload",
@@ -75,23 +75,23 @@ pub(super) async fn dispatch(
         SdkClientRequestPayload::Revoke(_) => Err(Status::unimplemented(
             "SdkClientRevoke is not yet implemented",
         )),
-        SdkClientRequestPayload::List(_) => handle_list(actor).await,
+        SdkClientRequestPayload::List(()) => handle_list(actor).await,
         SdkClientRequestPayload::GrantWalletAccess(req) => {
             handle_grant_wallet_access(actor, req).await
         }
         SdkClientRequestPayload::RevokeWalletAccess(req) => {
             handle_revoke_wallet_access(actor, req).await
         }
-        SdkClientRequestPayload::ListWalletAccess(_) => handle_list_wallet_access(actor).await,
+        SdkClientRequestPayload::ListWalletAccess(()) => handle_list_wallet_access(actor).await,
     }
 }
 
 async fn handle_connection_response(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
     resp: ProtoSdkClientConnectionResponse,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let pubkey = authn::PublicKey::try_from(resp.pubkey.as_slice())
-        .map_err(|_| Status::invalid_argument("Invalid ML-DSA public key"))?;
+        .map_err(|()| Status::invalid_argument("Invalid ML-DSA public key"))?;
 
     actor
         .ask(HandleNewClientApprove {
@@ -108,20 +108,25 @@ async fn handle_connection_response(
 }
 
 async fn handle_list(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let result = match actor.ask(HandleSdkClientList {}).await {
         Ok(clients) => ProtoSdkClientListResult::Clients(ProtoSdkClientList {
             clients: clients
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|(client, metadata)| ProtoSdkClientEntry {
-                    id: client.id,
-                    pubkey: client.public_key.to_vec(),
+                    id: client.id.to_raw(),
+                    pubkey: client.public_key.clone(),
                     info: Some(ProtoClientMetadata {
                         name: metadata.name,
                         description: metadata.description,
                         version: metadata.version,
                     }),
+                    #[expect(
+                        clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+                        clippy::as_conversions,
+                        reason = "fixme! #84"
+                    )]
                     created_at: client.created_at.0.timestamp() as i32,
                 })
                 .collect(),
@@ -139,10 +144,10 @@ async fn handle_list(
 }
 
 async fn handle_grant_wallet_access(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
     req: ProtoSdkClientGrantWalletAccess,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
-    let entries: Vec<NewEvmWalletAccess> = req.accesses.into_iter().map(|a| a.convert()).collect();
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let entries: Vec<NewEvmWalletAccess> = req.accesses.into_iter().map(Convert::convert).collect();
     match actor.ask(HandleGrantEvmWalletAccess { entries }).await {
         Ok(()) => {
             info!("Successfully granted wallet access");
@@ -156,9 +161,9 @@ async fn handle_grant_wallet_access(
 }
 
 async fn handle_revoke_wallet_access(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
     req: ProtoSdkClientRevokeWalletAccess,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     match actor
         .ask(HandleRevokeEvmWalletAccess {
             entries: req.accesses,
@@ -177,12 +182,12 @@ async fn handle_revoke_wallet_access(
 }
 
 async fn handle_list_wallet_access(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     match actor.ask(HandleListWalletAccess {}).await {
         Ok(accesses) => Ok(Some(wrap_sdk_client_response(
             SdkClientResponsePayload::ListWalletAccess(ListWalletAccessResponse {
-                accesses: accesses.into_iter().map(|a| a.convert()).collect(),
+                accesses: accesses.into_iter().map(Convert::convert).collect(),
             }),
         ))),
         Err(err) => {

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/vault.rs

@@ -1,33 +1,38 @@
-use arbiter_proto::proto::shared::VaultState as ProtoVaultState;
-use arbiter_proto::proto::user_agent::{
-    user_agent_response::Payload as UserAgentResponsePayload,
-    vault::{self as proto_vault, request::Payload as VaultRequestPayload, response::Payload as VaultResponsePayload},
+use crate::{
+    actors::vault::VaultState,
+    peers::operator::{OperatorSession, session::handlers::HandleQueryVaultState},
 };
+use arbiter_proto::{
+    proto::operator::{
+        operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
+        vault::{
+            self as proto_vault, request::Payload as VaultRequestPayload,
+            response::Payload as VaultResponsePayload,
+        },
+    },
+    proto::shared::VaultState as ProtoVaultState,
+};
+
 use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::{
-    actors::vault::VaultState,
-    peers::user_agent::{UserAgentSession, session::handlers::HandleQueryVaultState},
-};
-
-fn wrap_vault_response(payload: VaultResponsePayload) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
-    UserAgentResponsePayload::Vault(proto_vault::Response {
+const fn wrap_vault_response(payload: VaultResponsePayload) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
+    OperatorResponsePayload::Vault(proto_vault::Response {
         payload: Some(payload),
     })
 }
 
 pub(super) async fn dispatch(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
     req: proto_vault::Request,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let Some(payload) = req.payload else {
         return Err(Status::invalid_argument("Missing vault request payload"));
     };
 
     match payload {
-        VaultRequestPayload::QueryState(_) => handle_query_vault_state(actor).await,
+        VaultRequestPayload::QueryState(()) => handle_query_vault_state(actor).await,
         VaultRequestPayload::Unseal(_) | VaultRequestPayload::Bootstrap(_) => {
             Err(Status::permission_denied(
                 "Vault is already unsealed; unseal/bootstrap not permitted in session",
@@ -37,8 +42,8 @@ pub(super) async fn dispatch(
 }
 
 async fn handle_query_vault_state(
-    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
-) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let state = match actor.ask(HandleQueryVaultState {}).await {
         Ok(VaultState::Unbootstrapped) => ProtoVaultState::Unbootstrapped,
         Ok(VaultState::Sealed) => ProtoVaultState::Sealed,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/vault_gate.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+use super::auth::AuthTransportAdapter;
+use crate::{
+    grpc::TryConvert,
+    peers::operator::vault_gate::{self as vault_gate},
+};
+use arbiter_proto::transport::{Bi, Error as TransportError, Receiver, Sender};
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use tonic::Status;
+use tracing::warn;
+
+mod inbound;
+mod outbound;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl Receiver<vault_gate::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
+    async fn recv(&mut self) -> Option<vault_gate::Inbound> {
+        let request = match self.bi_mut().recv().await? {
+            Ok(request) => request,
+            Err(error) => {
+                warn!(
+                    ?error,
+                    "Failed to receive operator request during vault gate"
+                );
+                return None;
+            }
+        };
+
+        if let Err(err) = self.tracker_mut().request(request.id) {
+            let _ = self.bi_mut().send(Err(err)).await;
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let Some(payload) = request.payload else {
+            let _ = self
+                .bi_mut()
+                .send(Err(Status::invalid_argument("Missing request payload")))
+                .await;
+            return None;
+        };
+
+        match payload.try_convert() {
+            Ok(inbound) => Some(inbound),
+            Err(status) => {
+                let _ = self.bi_mut().send(Err(status)).await;
+                None
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl Sender<Result<vault_gate::Outbound, vault_gate::Error>> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
+    async fn send(
+        &mut self,
+        item: Result<vault_gate::Outbound, vault_gate::Error>,
+    ) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let outbound = match item {
+            Ok(outbound) => outbound,
+            Err(err) => {
+                warn!(?err, "vault gate produced transport-level error");
+                return self
+                    .bi_mut()
+                    .send(Err(Status::internal(err.to_string())))
+                    .await;
+            }
+        };
+
+        match outbound.try_convert() {
+            Ok(payload) => self.send_response_payload(payload).await,
+            Err(status) => self.bi_mut().send(Err(status)).await,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Bi<vault_gate::Inbound, Result<vault_gate::Outbound, vault_gate::Error>>
+    for AuthTransportAdapter<'_>
+{
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/vault_gate/inbound.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+use crate::{
+    grpc::{Convert, TryConvert},
+    peers::operator::vault_gate::{
+        self as vault_gate, HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey, HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase,
+        HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase, HandleDeclareCommittee, HandleHandshake,
+        HandleUnsealEncryptedKey,
+    },
+};
+use arbiter_proto::proto::operator::{
+    operator_request::Payload as OperatorRequestPayload,
+    vault::{
+        self as proto_vault,
+        bootstrap::{self as proto_bootstrap, request::Payload as BootstrapRequestPayload},
+        request::Payload as VaultRequestPayload,
+        unseal::{self as proto_unseal, request::Payload as UnsealRequestPayload},
+    },
+};
+
+use tonic::Status;
+
+impl TryConvert for OperatorRequestPayload {
+    type Output = vault_gate::Inbound;
+    type Error = Status;
+
+    fn try_convert(self) -> Result<vault_gate::Inbound, Status> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Vault(req) => req.try_convert(),
+            _ => Err(Status::permission_denied(
+                "Only vault operations are permitted before unsealing",
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryConvert for proto_vault::Request {
+    type Output = vault_gate::Inbound;
+    type Error = Status;
+
+    fn try_convert(self) -> Result<vault_gate::Inbound, Status> {
+        self.payload
+            .ok_or_else(|| Status::invalid_argument("Missing vault request payload"))?
+            .try_convert()
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryConvert for VaultRequestPayload {
+    type Output = vault_gate::Inbound;
+    type Error = Status;
+
+    fn try_convert(self) -> Result<vault_gate::Inbound, Status> {
+        match self {
+            Self::QueryState(()) => Ok(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleVaultState),
+            Self::Unseal(req) => req.try_convert(),
+            Self::Bootstrap(req) => req.try_convert(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryConvert for proto_unseal::Request {
+    type Output = vault_gate::Inbound;
+    type Error = Status;
+
+    fn try_convert(self) -> Result<vault_gate::Inbound, Status> {
+        self.payload
+            .ok_or_else(|| Status::invalid_argument("Missing unseal request payload"))?
+            .try_convert()
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryConvert for UnsealRequestPayload {
+    type Output = vault_gate::Inbound;
+    type Error = Status;
+
+    fn try_convert(self) -> Result<vault_gate::Inbound, Status> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Start(start) => start.try_convert(),
+            Self::EncryptedKey(key) => Ok(key.convert()),
+            Self::ContributePassphrase(cp) => Ok(
+                vault_gate::Inbound::HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(
+                    HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase {
+                        passphrase: cp.passphrase,
+                    },
+                ),
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryConvert for proto_unseal::UnsealStart {
+    type Output = vault_gate::Inbound;
+    type Error = Status;
+
+    fn try_convert(self) -> Result<vault_gate::Inbound, Status> {
+        let bytes = <[u8; 32]>::try_from(self.client_pubkey)
+            .map_err(|_| Status::invalid_argument("Invalid X25519 public key"))?;
+        Ok(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleHandshake(HandleHandshake {
+            client_pubkey: x25519_dalek::PublicKey::from(bytes),
+        }))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Convert for proto_unseal::UnsealEncryptedKey {
+    type Output = vault_gate::Inbound;
+
+    fn convert(self) -> vault_gate::Inbound {
+        vault_gate::Inbound::HandleUnsealEncryptedKey(HandleUnsealEncryptedKey {
+            nonce: self.nonce,
+            ciphertext: self.ciphertext,
+            associated_data: self.associated_data,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryConvert for proto_bootstrap::Request {
+    type Output = vault_gate::Inbound;
+    type Error = Status;
+
+    fn try_convert(self) -> Result<vault_gate::Inbound, Status> {
+        self.payload
+            .ok_or_else(|| Status::invalid_argument("Missing bootstrap payload"))?
+            .try_convert()
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryConvert for BootstrapRequestPayload {
+    type Output = vault_gate::Inbound;
+    type Error = Status;
+
+    fn try_convert(self) -> Result<vault_gate::Inbound, Status> {
+        match self {
+            Self::EncryptedKey(key) => key.try_convert(),
+            Self::DeclareCommittee(dc) => Ok(
+                vault_gate::Inbound::HandleDeclareCommittee(HandleDeclareCommittee {
+                    count: dc.count as usize,
+                }),
+            ),
+            Self::ContributePassphrase(cp) => Ok(
+                vault_gate::Inbound::HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(
+                    HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase {
+                        passphrase: cp.passphrase,
+                    },
+                ),
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryConvert for proto_bootstrap::BootstrapEncryptedKey {
+    type Output = vault_gate::Inbound;
+    type Error = Status;
+
+    fn try_convert(self) -> Result<vault_gate::Inbound, Status> {
+        Ok(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey(
+            HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey {
+                nonce: self.nonce,
+                ciphertext: self.ciphertext,
+                associated_data: self.associated_data,
+            },
+        ))
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/vault_gate/outbound.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+use crate::{
+    actors::vault::VaultState,
+    grpc::{Convert, TryConvert},
+    peers::operator::vault_gate::{self as vault_gate},
+};
+use arbiter_proto::proto::{
+    operator::{
+        operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
+        vault::{
+            self as proto_vault,
+            bootstrap::{self as proto_bootstrap, BootstrapResult as ProtoBootstrapResult},
+            response::Payload as VaultResponsePayload,
+            unseal::{
+                self as proto_unseal, UnsealResult as ProtoUnsealResult,
+                response::Payload as UnsealResponsePayload,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    shared::VaultState as ProtoVaultState,
+};
+
+use tonic::Status;
+use tracing::warn;
+
+const fn wrap_vault_response(payload: VaultResponsePayload) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
+    OperatorResponsePayload::Vault(proto_vault::Response {
+        payload: Some(payload),
+    })
+}
+
+const fn wrap_unseal_response(payload: UnsealResponsePayload) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
+    wrap_vault_response(VaultResponsePayload::Unseal(proto_unseal::Response {
+        payload: Some(payload),
+    }))
+}
+
+fn wrap_bootstrap_response(result: ProtoBootstrapResult) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
+    wrap_vault_response(VaultResponsePayload::Bootstrap(proto_bootstrap::Response {
+        result: result.into(),
+    }))
+}
+
+impl Convert for VaultState {
+    type Output = OperatorResponsePayload;
+
+    fn convert(self) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
+        let proto_state = match self {
+            Self::Unbootstrapped => ProtoVaultState::Unbootstrapped,
+            Self::Sealed => ProtoVaultState::Sealed,
+            Self::Unsealed => ProtoVaultState::Unsealed,
+        };
+        wrap_vault_response(VaultResponsePayload::State(proto_state.into()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Convert for vault_gate::HandshakeResponse {
+    type Output = OperatorResponsePayload;
+
+    fn convert(self) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
+        wrap_unseal_response(UnsealResponsePayload::Start(
+            proto_unseal::UnsealStartResponse {
+                server_pubkey: self.server_pubkey.as_bytes().to_vec(),
+            },
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryConvert for vault_gate::Outbound {
+    type Output = OperatorResponsePayload;
+    type Error = Status;
+
+    fn try_convert(self) -> Result<OperatorResponsePayload, Status> {
+        match self {
+            Self::HandleVaultState(result) => result
+                .map_err(|err| {
+                    warn!(?err, "vault state query failed");
+                    Status::internal("Failed to query vault state")
+                })
+                .map(VaultState::convert),
+            Self::HandleHandshake(result) => result
+                .map_err(|err| {
+                    warn!(?err, "handshake failed");
+                    Status::internal("Failed to start unseal flow")
+                })
+                .map(vault_gate::HandshakeResponse::convert),
+            Self::HandleUnsealEncryptedKey(result) => {
+                let proto_result = match result {
+                    Ok(()) => ProtoUnsealResult::Success,
+                    Err(vault_gate::Error::InvalidKey) => ProtoUnsealResult::InvalidKey,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        warn!(?err, "unseal failed");
+                        return Err(Status::internal("Failed to unseal vault"));
+                    }
+                };
+                Ok(wrap_unseal_response(UnsealResponsePayload::Result(
+                    proto_result.into(),
+                )))
+            }
+            Self::HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey(result) => {
+                let proto_result = match result {
+                    Ok(()) => ProtoBootstrapResult::Success,
+                    Err(vault_gate::Error::InvalidKey) => ProtoBootstrapResult::InvalidKey,
+                    Err(vault_gate::Error::AlreadyBootstrapped) => {
+                        ProtoBootstrapResult::AlreadyBootstrapped
+                    }
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        warn!(?err, "bootstrap failed");
+                        return Err(Status::internal("Failed to bootstrap vault"));
+                    }
+                };
+                Ok(wrap_bootstrap_response(proto_result))
+            }
+            Self::HandleDeclareCommittee(result) => {
+                let proto_result = match result {
+                    Ok(()) => ProtoBootstrapResult::Success,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        warn!(?err, "declare committee failed");
+                        return Err(Status::internal("Failed to declare committee"));
+                    }
+                };
+                Ok(wrap_bootstrap_response(proto_result))
+            }
+            Self::HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(result) => {
+                let proto_result = match result {
+                    Ok(true) => ProtoBootstrapResult::Success,
+                    Ok(false) => ProtoBootstrapResult::AwaitingContributions,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        warn!(?err, "contribute bootstrap passphrase failed");
+                        return Err(Status::internal("Failed to contribute bootstrap passphrase"));
+                    }
+                };
+                Ok(wrap_bootstrap_response(proto_result))
+            }
+            Self::HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(result) => {
+                let proto_result = match result {
+                    Ok(true) => ProtoUnsealResult::Success,
+                    Ok(false) => ProtoUnsealResult::AwaitingContributions,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        warn!(?err, "contribute unseal passphrase failed");
+                        return Err(Status::internal("Failed to contribute unseal passphrase"));
+                    }
+                };
+                Ok(wrap_unseal_response(UnsealResponsePayload::Result(
+                    proto_result.into(),
+                )))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}