chore(deps): bump kameo version

- Add `rekey.proto` with `ContributePassphrase` / `ContributeRecoveryPassphrase` / `RekeyResult`
- Wire `rekey` as a 4th vault stream payload in `vault.proto` and gRPC dispatch
- Add `RekeyRootKey` message to `Vault` actor: generates new random seal key, re-encrypts root key, writes new `root_key_history` row
- Add `StartRekey`, `ContributeRekey`, `ContributeRecoveryRekey` messages to `VaultCoordinator`; `finalize_rekey` uses threshold-1 fast path identical to bootstrap
- `execute_replace_operator` now UPDATEs `operator_identity.public_key` in-place (avoids FK constraint violation), deletes stale `operator` share row, then triggers `StartRekey`
- `execute_update_shamir_parameters` triggers `StartRekey` instead of warning stub
- `ProposalKind::ReplaceOperator` carries `old_operator_id`; encode/decode updated accordingly
- `GlobalActors::spawn` extracts `vault_coordinator` before `Ok(Self { … })` so it can be cloned into `ProposalManager::new`
- Add `handle_rekey` in session handlers forwarding passphrase contributions to `VaultCoordinator`
- Fix test: rename `replace_operator_inserts_identity_row` → `replace_operator_updates_pubkey_and_starts_rekey`, assert count stays 1 and pubkey is updated

AGENTS.md

@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
 # AGENTS.md
 
-Guidance for coding agents (Claude Code, Codex, …) working in this repository.
+This file provides guidance to Codex (Codex.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.
 
 ## Project Overview
 
-Arbiter is a **permissioned signing service** for cryptocurrency wallets:
+Arbiter is a **permissioned signing service** for cryptocurrency wallets. It consists of:
-
 - **`server/`** — Rust gRPC daemon that holds encrypted keys and enforces policies
-- **`useragent/`** — Flutter app (desktop + mobile + web targets) with a Rust core via `flutter_rust_bridge`
+- **`operator/`** — Flutter desktop app (macOS/Windows) with a Rust backend via Rinf
-- **`protobufs/`** — Protocol Buffer definitions shared between server and clients
+- **`protobufs/`** — Protocol Buffer definitions shared between server and client
-- **`docs/`** — `ARCHITECTURE.md` (peer types, flows, threat model) and `IMPLEMENTATION.md`; treat them as the design source of truth and update them when behaviour changes
-- **`scripts/`** — helper scripts, e.g. `gen_erc20_registry.py`
 
 The vault never exposes key material; it only produces signatures when requests satisfy configured policies.
 
@@ -21,7 +18,7 @@ Tools are managed via [mise](https://mise.jdx.dev/). Install all required tools:
 mise install
 ```
 
-Key versions live in `mise.toml` (currently Rust 1.95.0 with clippy, Flutter 3.41.7-stable, protoc 29.6, diesel_cli 2.3.7 with `sqlite-bundled`, Python 3.14). Also provided there: `cargo-nextest`, `cargo-audit`, `cargo-vet`, `cargo-shear`, `cargo-mutants`, `cargo-features-manager`, `cargo-edit`, `ast-grep`, `flutter_rust_bridge_codegen`.
+Key versions: Rust 1.93.0 (with clippy), Flutter 3.38.9-stable, protoc 29.6, diesel_cli 2.3.6 (sqlite).
 
 ## Server (Rust workspace at `server/`)
 
@@ -29,14 +26,10 @@ Key versions live in `mise.toml` (currently Rust 1.95.0 with clippy, Flutter 3.4
 
 | Crate | Purpose |
 |---|---|
-| `arbiter-proto` | Generated gRPC stubs + protobuf types (`tonic-prost-build`); also `ArbiterUrl`, `home_path()`, `BOOTSTRAP_PATH` |
+| `arbiter-proto` | Generated gRPC stubs + protobuf types; compiled from `protobufs/*.proto` via `tonic-prost-build` |
-| `arbiter-crypto` | Shared crypto primitives: `authn` (ML-DSA), `safecell` (hardened memory), `hashing::Hashable`, re-exported `x-wing` |
+| `arbiter-server` | Main daemon — actors, DB, EVM policy engine, gRPC service implementation |
-| `arbiter-macros` | `#[derive(Hashable)]` — canonical hashing of structs for the DB integrity layer |
+| `arbiter-operator` | Rust client library for the operator side of the gRPC protocol |
-| `arbiter-server` | Main daemon — actors, peers, DB, EVM policy engine, gRPC service implementation |
+| `arbiter-client` | Rust client library for SDK clients |
-| `arbiter-client` | Rust client library for SDK clients (`ArbiterClient`, EVM wallet, key storage) |
-| `arbiter-tokens-registry` | Generated ERC-20 token registry used by token-transfer policies |
-
-Workspace lints (`server/Cargo.toml`) are strict: most of clippy `pedantic`/`nursery` plus a large restriction set. `as` casts, indexing/slicing, `dbg!`, float arithmetic and undocumented `unsafe` are denied or warned — expect to add an `#[expect(..., reason = "...")]` rather than to silence a lint globally.
 
 ### Common Commands
 
@@ -49,78 +42,54 @@ cargo build
 # Run the server daemon
 cargo run -p arbiter-server
 
-# Run all tests (preferred over cargo test; CI uses --all-features)
+# Run all tests (preferred over cargo test)
 cargo nextest run
 
 # Run a single test
 cargo nextest run <test_name>
 
-# Lint (CI runs it with -D warnings)
+# Lint
-cargo clippy --all -- -D warnings
+cargo clippy
 
 # Security audit
 cargo audit
 
-# Supply-chain review (config in server/supply-chain/)
-cargo vet
-
 # Check unused dependencies
 cargo shear
 
-# Mutation testing
+# Run snapshot tests and update snapshots
-cargo mutants
+cargo insta review
 ```
 
-### CI
-
-Woodpecker pipelines in `.woodpecker/` run on `server/**` changes: `server-lint` (clippy), `server-test` (nextest, `--all-features`), `server-audit`, `server-vet`, plus `useragent-analyze` for the Flutter app.
-
 ### Architecture
 
-The server is actor-based using the **kameo** crate. Long-lived state lives in `GlobalActors` (`src/actors/mod.rs`):
+The server is actor-based using the **kameo** crate. All long-lived state lives in `GlobalActors`:
 
-- **`Bootstrapper`** — one-time bootstrap token, written to `~/.arbiter/bootstrap_token` on first run
+- **`Bootstrapper`** — Manages the one-time bootstrap token written to `~/.arbiter/bootstrap_token` on first run.
-- **`Vault`** — encrypted root key and the Sealed/Unsealed state machine; on unseal decrypts the root key into a `memsafe`-backed `SafeCell`
+- **`Vault`** — Holds the encrypted root key and manages the Sealed/Unsealed vault state machine. On unseal, decrypts the root key into a `memsafe` hardened memory cell.
-- **`FlowCoordinator`** — cross-connection flow between operators and SDK clients
+- **`FlowCoordinator`** — Coordinates cross-connection flow between operators and SDK clients.
-- **`OperatorRegistry`** — tracks currently connected operators
+- **`EvmActor`** — Handles EVM transaction policy enforcement and signing.
-- **`EvmActor`** — EVM transaction policy enforcement and signing
-- **`events`** — a `kameo_actors::MessageBus` (`DeliveryStrategy::Guaranteed`) for cross-actor notifications
 
-Per-connection state lives under **`src/peers/`**, not `actors/`: `peers/client/` and `peers/operator/`, each with `auth` (challenge-response) and `session` (post-auth) sub-modules; the operator side additionally has `vault_gate/` for the unseal handshake.
+Per-connection actors live under `actors/operator/` and `actors/client/`, each with `auth` (challenge-response authentication) and `session` (post-auth operations) sub-modules.
 
-The gRPC surface lives in **`src/grpc/`**, split per peer (`client/`, `operator/`, `common/`) and per direction (`inbound.rs` — requests to the daemon, `outbound.rs` — server-initiated streams), with `request_tracker.rs` correlating the two.
+**Database:** SQLite via `diesel-async` + `bb8` connection pool. Schema managed by embedded Diesel migrations in `crates/arbiter-server/migrations/`. DB file lives at `~/.arbiter/arbiter.sqlite`. Tests use a temp-file DB via `db::create_test_pool()`.
-
-EVM logic is in `src/evm/`: `policies/ether_transfer/`, `policies/token_transfers/`, `abi.rs`, `safe_signer.rs`.
-
-**Database:** SQLite via `diesel-async` + `bb8`. Schema in `src/db/schema.rs`, models in `src/db/models.rs`, embedded migrations in `crates/arbiter-server/migrations/`. DB file lives at `~/.arbiter/arbiter.sqlite`; tests use a temp-file DB via `db::create_test_pool()`.
-
-Entity ids are newtypes generated by the `declare_id!` macro in `db::models` (`OperatorId`, `ChainId`, …), each a `#[repr(transparent)]` wrapper over `i32` with `to_raw`/`from_raw`. Pass these around instead of bare `i32`.
-
-**Row integrity:** sensitive rows are covered by an HMAC-SHA256 envelope (`src/crypto/integrity/`, table `integrity_envelope`), keyed from the vault root key. A struct becomes coverable by deriving `arbiter_macros::Hashable` and implementing `Integrable` (`KIND` + `VERSION`). When adding or changing a covered entity, keep the derive and the payload version in sync — a mismatch surfaces as `PayloadVersionMismatch` or `MacMismatch` at runtime.
 
 **Cryptography:**
-- Authentication: **ML-DSA-87** (post-quantum, `arbiter-crypto::authn::v1`), challenge-response with per-peer nonce tracking
+- Authentication: ed25519 (challenge-response, nonce-tracked per peer)
-- Encryption at rest: XChaCha20-Poly1305, versioned modules (`crypto/encryption/v1.rs`) with a `schema_version` column for transparent migration on unseal
+- Encryption at rest: XChaCha20-Poly1305 (versioned via `scheme` field for transparent migration on unseal)
 - Password KDF: Argon2
-- Unseal transport: X25519 ephemeral key exchange (`peers/operator/vault_gate/`); `x-wing` (hybrid PQ KEM) is available via `arbiter-crypto`
+- Unseal transport: X25519 ephemeral key exchange
-- TLS: self-signed certificate (rustls + aws-lc-rs, `prefer-post-quantum`), fingerprint distributed via `ArbiterUrl`
+- TLS: self-signed certificate (aws-lc-rs backend), fingerprint distributed via `ArbiterUrl`
 
-Crypto modules are versioned by convention: `mod.rs` re-exports the current `vN`. Add a `v(N+1)` rather than editing an existing version in place.
+**Protocol:** gRPC with Protocol Buffers. The `ArbiterUrl` type encodes host, port, CA cert, and bootstrap token into a single shareable string (printed to console on first run).
-
-**Protocol:** gRPC with Protocol Buffers. `ArbiterUrl` encodes host, port, CA cert and bootstrap token into a single shareable string (printed to console on first run).
 
 ### Proto Regeneration
 
-`arbiter-proto/build.rs` compiles `arbiter.proto`, `operator.proto`, `client.proto` and `evm.proto` (with their `shared/`, `operator/`, `client/` includes) on build:
+When `.proto` files in `protobufs/` change, rebuild to regenerate:
 ```sh
 cd server && cargo build -p arbiter-proto
 ```
 
-Dart protobuf stubs are generated separately, from the repo root:
-```sh
-mise run codegen   # protoc --dart_out=grpc:useragent/lib/proto
-```
-
 ### Database Migrations
 
 ```sh
@@ -131,8 +100,6 @@ diesel migration generate <name> --migration-dir crates/arbiter-server/migration
 diesel migration run --migration-dir crates/arbiter-server/migrations
 ```
 
-Pre-release policy: there is a single `init` migration and no deployed databases yet, so schema changes are made by editing that migration directly instead of stacking new ones. Regenerate `src/db/schema.rs` after changing it.
-
 ### Code Conventions
 
 **`#[must_use]` Attribute:**
@@ -154,23 +121,29 @@ pub fn verify(&self, nonce: i32, context: &[u8], signature: &Signature) -> bool
 
 This forces callers to either use the return value or explicitly ignore it with `let _ = ...;`, preventing silent failures.
 
-## User Agent (Flutter + flutter_rust_bridge at `useragent/`)
+## Operator (Flutter + Rinf at `operator/`)
 
-The Flutter app calls Rust through [flutter_rust_bridge](https://cjycode.com/flutter_rust_bridge/) 2.12.0. The Rust side is the `rust_lib_arbiter` crate at `useragent/rust/`; everything exposed to Dart is declared in `useragent/rust/src/api/` and lands in `useragent/lib/src/rust/` (see `useragent/flutter_rust_bridge.yaml`). Dart UI code is organised as `lib/features/`, `lib/screens/`, `lib/widgets/`, `lib/providers/`, `lib/theme/`, with routing in `lib/router.dart` (`router.gr.dart` is generated).
+The Flutter app uses [Rinf](https://rinf.cunarist.org) to call Rust code. The Rust logic lives in `operator/native/hub/` as a separate crate that uses `arbiter-operator` for the gRPC client.
+
+Communication between Dart and Rust uses typed **signals** defined in `operator/native/hub/src/signals/`. After modifying signal structs, regenerate Dart bindings:
+
+```sh
+cd operator && rinf gen
+```
 
 ### Common Commands
 
 ```sh
-cd useragent
+cd operator
 
-# Run the app
+# Run the app (macOS or Windows)
 flutter run
 
-# Regenerate Rust↔Dart bindings after editing rust/src/api/
+# Regenerate Rust↔Dart signal bindings
-mise run codegen        # flutter_rust_bridge_codegen generate
+rinf gen
 
-# Analyze Dart code (also run in CI)
+# Analyze Dart code
 flutter analyze
 ```
 
-Note: `app/` contains only stale generated Flutter artifacts and is not the application source.
+The Rinf Rust entry point is `operator/native/hub/src/lib.rs`. It spawns actors defined in `operator/native/hub/src/actors/` which handle Dart↔server communication via signals.

docs/superpowers/plans/2026-03-28-grant-grid-view.md

@@ -0,0 +1,821 @@
+# Grant Grid View Implementation Plan
+
+> **For agentic workers:** REQUIRED SUB-SKILL: Use superpowers:subagent-driven-development (recommended) or superpowers:executing-plans to implement this plan task-by-task. Steps use checkbox (`- [ ]`) syntax for tracking.
+
+**Goal:** Add an "EVM Grants" dashboard tab that displays all grants as enriched cards (type, chain, wallet address, client name) with per-card revoke support.
+
+**Architecture:** A new `walletAccessListProvider` fetches wallet accesses with their DB row IDs. The screen (`grants.dart`) watches only `evmGrantsProvider` for top-level state. Each `GrantCard` widget (its own file) watches enrichment providers (`walletAccessListProvider`, `evmProvider`, `sdkClientsProvider`) and the revoke mutation directly — keeping rebuilds scoped to the card. The screen is registered as a dashboard tab in `AdaptiveScaffold`.
+
+**Tech Stack:** Flutter, Riverpod (`riverpod_annotation` + `build_runner` codegen), `sizer` (adaptive sizing), `auto_route`, Protocol Buffers (Dart), `Palette` design tokens.
+
+---
+
+## File Map
+
+| File | Action | Responsibility |
+|---|---|---|
+| `operator/lib/theme/palette.dart` | Modify | Add `Palette.token` (indigo accent for token-transfer cards) |
+| `operator/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart` | Modify | Add `listAllWalletAccesses()` function |
+| `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart` | Create | `WalletAccessListProvider` — fetches full wallet access list with IDs |
+| `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart` | Create | `GrantCard` widget — watches enrichment providers + revoke mutation; one card per grant |
+| `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart` | Create | `EvmGrantsScreen` — watches `evmGrantsProvider`; handles loading/error/empty/data states; renders `GrantCard` list |
+| `operator/lib/router.dart` | Modify | Register `EvmGrantsRoute` in dashboard children |
+| `operator/lib/screens/dashboard.dart` | Modify | Add Grants entry to `routes` list and `NavigationDestination` list |
+
+---
+
+## Task 1: Add `Palette.token`
+
+**Files:**
+- Modify: `operator/lib/theme/palette.dart`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Add the color**
+
+Replace the contents of `operator/lib/theme/palette.dart` with:
+
+```dart
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+
+class Palette {
+  static const ink = Color(0xFF15263C);
+  static const coral = Color(0xFFE26254);
+  static const cream = Color(0xFFFFFAF4);
+  static const line = Color(0x1A15263C);
+  static const token = Color(0xFF5C6BC0);
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
+
+```sh
+cd operator && flutter analyze lib/theme/palette.dart
+```
+
+Expected: no issues.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Commit**
+
+```sh
+jj describe -m "feat(theme): add Palette.token for token-transfer grant cards"
+jj new
+```
+
+---
+
+## Task 2: Add `listAllWalletAccesses` feature function
+
+**Files:**
+- Modify: `operator/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart`
+
+`readClientWalletAccess` (existing) filters the list to one client's wallet IDs and returns `Set<int>`. This new function returns the complete unfiltered list with row IDs so the grant cards can resolve wallet_access_id → wallet + client.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Append function**
+
+Add at the bottom of `operator/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart`:
+
+```dart
+Future<List<SdkClientWalletAccess>> listAllWalletAccesses(
+  Connection connection,
+) async {
+  final response = await connection.ask(
+    OperatorRequest(listWalletAccess: Empty()),
+  );
+  if (!response.hasListWalletAccessResponse()) {
+    throw Exception(
+      'Expected list wallet access response, got ${response.whichPayload()}',
+    );
+  }
+  return response.listWalletAccessResponse.accesses.toList(growable: false);
+}
+```
+
+Each returned `SdkClientWalletAccess` has:
+- `.id` — the `evm_wallet_access` row ID (same value as `wallet_access_id` in a `GrantEntry`)
+- `.access.walletId` — the EVM wallet DB ID
+- `.access.sdkClientId` — the SDK client DB ID
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
+
+```sh
+cd operator && flutter analyze lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart
+```
+
+Expected: no issues.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Commit**
+
+```sh
+jj describe -m "feat(evm): add listAllWalletAccesses feature function"
+jj new
+```
+
+---
+
+## Task 3: Create `WalletAccessListProvider`
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart`
+- Generated: `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.g.dart`
+
+Mirrors the structure of `EvmGrants` in `providers/evm/evm_grants.dart` — class-based `@riverpod` with a `refresh()` method.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write the provider**
+
+Create `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart`:
+
+```dart
+import 'package:arbiter/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/proto/operator.pb.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/providers/connection/connection_manager.dart';
+import 'package:mtcore/markettakers.dart';
+import 'package:riverpod_annotation/riverpod_annotation.dart';
+
+part 'wallet_access_list.g.dart';
+
+@riverpod
+class WalletAccessList extends _$WalletAccessList {
+  @override
+  Future<List<SdkClientWalletAccess>?> build() async {
+    final connection = await ref.watch(connectionManagerProvider.future);
+    if (connection == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      return await listAllWalletAccesses(connection);
+    } catch (e, st) {
+      talker.handle(e, st);
+      rethrow;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Future<void> refresh() async {
+    final connection = await ref.read(connectionManagerProvider.future);
+    if (connection == null) {
+      state = const AsyncData(null);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    state = const AsyncLoading();
+    state = await AsyncValue.guard(() => listAllWalletAccesses(connection));
+  }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run code generation**
+
+```sh
+cd operator && dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
+```
+
+Expected: `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.g.dart` created. No errors.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Verify**
+
+```sh
+cd operator && flutter analyze lib/providers/sdk_clients/
+```
+
+Expected: no issues.
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Commit**
+
+```sh
+jj describe -m "feat(providers): add WalletAccessListProvider"
+jj new
+```
+
+---
+
+## Task 4: Create `GrantCard` widget
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart`
+
+This widget owns all per-card logic: enrichment lookups, revoke action, and rebuild scope. The screen only passes it a `GrantEntry` — the card fetches everything else itself.
+
+**Key types:**
+- `GrantEntry` (from `proto/evm.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.shared.walletAccessId`, `.shared.chainId`, `.specific.whichGrant()`
+- `SpecificGrant_Grant.etherTransfer` / `.tokenTransfer` — enum values for the oneof
+- `SdkClientWalletAccess` (from `proto/operator.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.access.walletId`, `.access.sdkClientId`
+- `WalletEntry` (from `proto/evm.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.address` (List<int>)
+- `SdkClientEntry` (from `proto/operator.pb.dart`): `.id`, `.info.name`
+- `revokeEvmGrantMutation` — `Mutation<void>` (global; all revoke buttons disable together while any revoke is in flight)
+- `executeRevokeEvmGrant(ref, grantId: int)` — `Future<void>`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write the widget**
+
+Create `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart`:
+
+```dart
+import 'package:arbiter/proto/evm.pb.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/proto/operator.pb.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/providers/evm/evm.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/providers/evm/evm_grants.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/providers/sdk_clients/list.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/theme/palette.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:hooks_riverpod/experimental/mutation.dart';
+import 'package:hooks_riverpod/hooks_riverpod.dart';
+import 'package:sizer/sizer.dart';
+
+String _shortAddress(List<int> bytes) {
+  final hex = bytes.map((b) => b.toRadixString(16).padLeft(2, '0')).join();
+  return '0x${hex.substring(0, 6)}...${hex.substring(hex.length - 4)}';
+}
+
+String _formatError(Object error) {
+  final message = error.toString();
+  if (message.startsWith('Exception: ')) {
+    return message.substring('Exception: '.length);
+  }
+  return message;
+}
+
+class GrantCard extends ConsumerWidget {
+  const GrantCard({super.key, required this.grant});
+
+  final GrantEntry grant;
+
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) {
+    // Enrichment lookups — each watch scopes rebuilds to this card only
+    final walletAccesses =
+        ref.watch(walletAccessListProvider).asData?.value ?? const [];
+    final wallets = ref.watch(evmProvider).asData?.value ?? const [];
+    final clients = ref.watch(sdkClientsProvider).asData?.value ?? const [];
+    final revoking = ref.watch(revokeEvmGrantMutation) is MutationPending;
+
+    final isEther =
+        grant.specific.whichGrant() == SpecificGrant_Grant.etherTransfer;
+    final accent = isEther ? Palette.coral : Palette.token;
+    final typeLabel = isEther ? 'Ether' : 'Token';
+    final theme = Theme.of(context);
+    final muted = Palette.ink.withValues(alpha: 0.62);
+
+    // Resolve wallet_access_id → wallet address + client name
+    final accessById = <int, SdkClientWalletAccess>{
+      for (final a in walletAccesses) a.id: a,
+    };
+    final walletById = <int, WalletEntry>{
+      for (final w in wallets) w.id: w,
+    };
+    final clientNameById = <int, String>{
+      for (final c in clients) c.id: c.info.name,
+    };
+
+    final accessId = grant.shared.walletAccessId;
+    final access = accessById[accessId];
+    final wallet = access != null ? walletById[access.access.walletId] : null;
+
+    final walletLabel = wallet != null
+        ? _shortAddress(wallet.address)
+        : 'Access #$accessId';
+
+    final clientLabel = () {
+      if (access == null) return '';
+      final name = clientNameById[access.access.sdkClientId] ?? '';
+      return name.isEmpty ? 'Client #${access.access.sdkClientId}' : name;
+    }();
+
+    void showError(String message) {
+      if (!context.mounted) return;
+      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
+        SnackBar(content: Text(message), behavior: SnackBarBehavior.floating),
+      );
+    }
+
+    Future<void> revoke() async {
+      try {
+        await executeRevokeEvmGrant(ref, grantId: grant.id);
+      } catch (e) {
+        showError(_formatError(e));
+      }
+    }
+
+    return Container(
+      decoration: BoxDecoration(
+        borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(24),
+        color: Palette.cream.withValues(alpha: 0.92),
+        border: Border.all(color: Palette.line),
+      ),
+      child: IntrinsicHeight(
+        child: Row(
+          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
+          children: [
+            // Accent strip
+            Container(
+              width: 0.8.w,
+              decoration: BoxDecoration(
+                color: accent,
+                borderRadius: const BorderRadius.horizontal(
+                  left: Radius.circular(24),
+                ),
+              ),
+            ),
+            // Card body
+            Expanded(
+              child: Padding(
+                padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(
+                  horizontal: 1.6.w,
+                  vertical: 1.4.h,
+                ),
+                child: Column(
+                  crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
+                  children: [
+                    // Row 1: type badge · chain · spacer · revoke button
+                    Row(
+                      children: [
+                        Container(
+                          padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(
+                            horizontal: 1.w,
+                            vertical: 0.4.h,
+                          ),
+                          decoration: BoxDecoration(
+                            color: accent.withValues(alpha: 0.15),
+                            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
+                          ),
+                          child: Text(
+                            typeLabel,
+                            style: theme.textTheme.labelSmall?.copyWith(
+                              color: accent,
+                              fontWeight: FontWeight.w800,
+                            ),
+                          ),
+                        ),
+                        SizedBox(width: 1.w),
+                        Container(
+                          padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(
+                            horizontal: 1.w,
+                            vertical: 0.4.h,
+                          ),
+                          decoration: BoxDecoration(
+                            color: Palette.ink.withValues(alpha: 0.06),
+                            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
+                          ),
+                          child: Text(
+                            'Chain ${grant.shared.chainId}',
+                            style: theme.textTheme.labelSmall?.copyWith(
+                              color: muted,
+                              fontWeight: FontWeight.w700,
+                            ),
+                          ),
+                        ),
+                        const Spacer(),
+                        if (revoking)
+                          SizedBox(
+                            width: 1.8.h,
+                            height: 1.8.h,
+                            child: CircularProgressIndicator(
+                              strokeWidth: 2,
+                              color: Palette.coral,
+                            ),
+                          )
+                        else
+                          OutlinedButton.icon(
+                            onPressed: revoke,
+                            style: OutlinedButton.styleFrom(
+                              foregroundColor: Palette.coral,
+                              side: BorderSide(
+                                color: Palette.coral.withValues(alpha: 0.4),
+                              ),
+                              padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(
+                                horizontal: 1.w,
+                                vertical: 0.6.h,
+                              ),
+                              shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(
+                                borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(10),
+                              ),
+                            ),
+                            icon: const Icon(Icons.block_rounded, size: 16),
+                            label: const Text('Revoke'),
+                          ),
+                      ],
+                    ),
+                    SizedBox(height: 0.8.h),
+                    // Row 2: wallet address · client name
+                    Row(
+                      children: [
+                        Text(
+                          walletLabel,
+                          style: theme.textTheme.bodySmall?.copyWith(
+                            color: Palette.ink,
+                            fontFamily: 'monospace',
+                          ),
+                        ),
+                        Padding(
+                          padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 0.8.w),
+                          child: Text(
+                            '·',
+                            style: theme.textTheme.bodySmall
+                                ?.copyWith(color: muted),
+                          ),
+                        ),
+                        Expanded(
+                          child: Text(
+                            clientLabel,
+                            maxLines: 1,
+                            overflow: TextOverflow.ellipsis,
+                            style: theme.textTheme.bodySmall
+                                ?.copyWith(color: muted),
+                          ),
+                        ),
+                      ],
+                    ),
+                  ],
+                ),
+              ),
+            ),
+          ],
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
+
+```sh
+cd operator && flutter analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart
+```
+
+Expected: no issues.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Commit**
+
+```sh
+jj describe -m "feat(grants): add GrantCard widget with self-contained enrichment"
+jj new
+```
+
+---
+
+## Task 5: Create `EvmGrantsScreen`
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart`
+
+The screen watches only `evmGrantsProvider` for top-level state (loading / error / no connection / empty / data). When there is data it renders a list of `GrantCard` widgets — each card manages its own enrichment subscriptions.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write the screen**
+
+Create `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart`:
+
+```dart
+import 'package:arbiter/proto/evm.pb.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/providers/evm/evm_grants.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/router.gr.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/widgets/grant_card.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/theme/palette.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/widgets/page_header.dart';
+import 'package:auto_route/auto_route.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:hooks_riverpod/hooks_riverpod.dart';
+import 'package:sizer/sizer.dart';
+
+String _formatError(Object error) {
+  final message = error.toString();
+  if (message.startsWith('Exception: ')) {
+    return message.substring('Exception: '.length);
+  }
+  return message;
+}
+
+// ─── State panel ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class _StatePanel extends StatelessWidget {
+  const _StatePanel({
+    required this.icon,
+    required this.title,
+    required this.body,
+    this.actionLabel,
+    this.onAction,
+    this.busy = false,
+  });
+
+  final IconData icon;
+  final String title;
+  final String body;
+  final String? actionLabel;
+  final Future<void> Function()? onAction;
+  final bool busy;
+
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    final theme = Theme.of(context);
+
+    return Container(
+      decoration: BoxDecoration(
+        borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(24),
+        color: Palette.cream.withValues(alpha: 0.92),
+        border: Border.all(color: Palette.line),
+      ),
+      child: Padding(
+        padding: EdgeInsets.all(2.8.h),
+        child: Column(
+          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
+          children: [
+            if (busy)
+              SizedBox(
+                width: 2.8.h,
+                height: 2.8.h,
+                child: const CircularProgressIndicator(strokeWidth: 2.5),
+              )
+            else
+              Icon(icon, size: 34, color: Palette.coral),
+            SizedBox(height: 1.8.h),
+            Text(
+              title,
+              style: theme.textTheme.headlineSmall?.copyWith(
+                color: Palette.ink,
+                fontWeight: FontWeight.w800,
+              ),
+            ),
+            SizedBox(height: 1.h),
+            Text(
+              body,
+              style: theme.textTheme.bodyLarge?.copyWith(
+                color: Palette.ink.withValues(alpha: 0.72),
+                height: 1.5,
+              ),
+            ),
+            if (actionLabel != null && onAction != null) ...[
+              SizedBox(height: 2.h),
+              OutlinedButton.icon(
+                onPressed: () => onAction!(),
+                icon: const Icon(Icons.refresh),
+                label: Text(actionLabel!),
+              ),
+            ],
+          ],
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── Grant list ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class _GrantList extends StatelessWidget {
+  const _GrantList({required this.grants});
+
+  final List<GrantEntry> grants;
+
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    return Column(
+      children: [
+        for (var i = 0; i < grants.length; i++)
+          Padding(
+            padding: EdgeInsets.only(
+              bottom: i == grants.length - 1 ? 0 : 1.8.h,
+            ),
+            child: GrantCard(grant: grants[i]),
+          ),
+      ],
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── Screen ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@RoutePage()
+class EvmGrantsScreen extends ConsumerWidget {
+  const EvmGrantsScreen({super.key});
+
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) {
+    // Screen watches only the grant list for top-level state decisions
+    final grantsAsync = ref.watch(evmGrantsProvider);
+
+    Future<void> refresh() async {
+      await Future.wait([
+        ref.read(evmGrantsProvider.notifier).refresh(),
+        ref.read(walletAccessListProvider.notifier).refresh(),
+      ]);
+    }
+
+    void showMessage(String message) {
+      if (!context.mounted) return;
+      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
+        SnackBar(content: Text(message), behavior: SnackBarBehavior.floating),
+      );
+    }
+
+    Future<void> safeRefresh() async {
+      try {
+        await refresh();
+      } catch (e) {
+        showMessage(_formatError(e));
+      }
+    }
+
+    final grantsState = grantsAsync.asData?.value;
+    final grants = grantsState?.grants;
+
+    final content = switch (grantsAsync) {
+      AsyncLoading() when grantsState == null => const _StatePanel(
+        icon: Icons.hourglass_top,
+        title: 'Loading grants',
+        body: 'Pulling grant registry from Arbiter.',
+        busy: true,
+      ),
+      AsyncError(:final error) => _StatePanel(
+        icon: Icons.sync_problem,
+        title: 'Grant registry unavailable',
+        body: _formatError(error),
+        actionLabel: 'Retry',
+        onAction: safeRefresh,
+      ),
+      AsyncData(:final value) when value == null => _StatePanel(
+        icon: Icons.portable_wifi_off,
+        title: 'No active server connection',
+        body: 'Reconnect to Arbiter to list EVM grants.',
+        actionLabel: 'Refresh',
+        onAction: safeRefresh,
+      ),
+      _ when grants != null && grants.isEmpty => _StatePanel(
+        icon: Icons.policy_outlined,
+        title: 'No grants yet',
+        body: 'Create a grant to allow SDK clients to sign transactions.',
+        actionLabel: 'Create grant',
+        onAction: () => context.router.push(const CreateEvmGrantRoute()),
+      ),
+      _ => _GrantList(grants: grants ?? const []),
+    };
+
+    return Scaffold(
+      body: SafeArea(
+        child: RefreshIndicator.adaptive(
+          color: Palette.ink,
+          backgroundColor: Colors.white,
+          onRefresh: safeRefresh,
+          child: ListView(
+            physics: const BouncingScrollPhysics(
+              parent: AlwaysScrollableScrollPhysics(),
+            ),
+            padding: EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(2.4.w, 2.4.h, 2.4.w, 3.2.h),
+            children: [
+              PageHeader(
+                title: 'EVM Grants',
+                isBusy: grantsAsync.isLoading,
+                actions: [
+                  FilledButton.icon(
+                    onPressed: () =>
+                        context.router.push(const CreateEvmGrantRoute()),
+                    icon: const Icon(Icons.add_rounded),
+                    label: const Text('Create grant'),
+                  ),
+                  SizedBox(width: 1.w),
+                  OutlinedButton.icon(
+                    onPressed: safeRefresh,
+                    style: OutlinedButton.styleFrom(
+                      foregroundColor: Palette.ink,
+                      side: BorderSide(color: Palette.line),
+                      padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(
+                        horizontal: 1.4.w,
+                        vertical: 1.2.h,
+                      ),
+                      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(
+                        borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(14),
+                      ),
+                    ),
+                    icon: const Icon(Icons.refresh, size: 18),
+                    label: const Text('Refresh'),
+                  ),
+                ],
+              ),
+              SizedBox(height: 1.8.h),
+              content,
+            ],
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Verify**
+
+```sh
+cd operator && flutter analyze lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/
+```
+
+Expected: no issues.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Commit**
+
+```sh
+jj describe -m "feat(grants): add EvmGrantsScreen"
+jj new
+```
+
+---
+
+## Task 6: Wire router and dashboard tab
+
+**Files:**
+- Modify: `operator/lib/router.dart`
+- Modify: `operator/lib/screens/dashboard.dart`
+- Regenerated: `operator/lib/router.gr.dart`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Add route to `router.dart`**
+
+Replace the contents of `operator/lib/router.dart` with:
+
+```dart
+import 'package:auto_route/auto_route.dart';
+
+import 'router.gr.dart';
+
+@AutoRouterConfig(generateForDir: ['lib/screens'])
+class Router extends RootStackRouter {
+  @override
+  List<AutoRoute> get routes => [
+    AutoRoute(page: Bootstrap.page, path: '/bootstrap', initial: true),
+    AutoRoute(page: ServerInfoSetupRoute.page, path: '/server-info'),
+    AutoRoute(page: ServerConnectionRoute.page, path: '/server-connection'),
+    AutoRoute(page: VaultSetupRoute.page, path: '/vault'),
+    AutoRoute(page: ClientDetailsRoute.page, path: '/clients/:clientId'),
+    AutoRoute(page: CreateEvmGrantRoute.page, path: '/evm-grants/create'),
+
+    AutoRoute(
+      page: DashboardRouter.page,
+      path: '/dashboard',
+      children: [
+        AutoRoute(page: EvmRoute.page, path: 'evm'),
+        AutoRoute(page: ClientsRoute.page, path: 'clients'),
+        AutoRoute(page: EvmGrantsRoute.page, path: 'grants'),
+        AutoRoute(page: AboutRoute.page, path: 'about'),
+      ],
+    ),
+  ];
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Update `dashboard.dart`**
+
+In `operator/lib/screens/dashboard.dart`, replace the `routes` constant:
+
+```dart
+final routes = [
+  const EvmRoute(),
+  const ClientsRoute(),
+  const EvmGrantsRoute(),
+  const AboutRoute(),
+];
+```
+
+And replace the `destinations` list inside `AdaptiveScaffold`:
+
+```dart
+destinations: const [
+  NavigationDestination(
+    icon: Icon(Icons.account_balance_wallet_outlined),
+    selectedIcon: Icon(Icons.account_balance_wallet),
+    label: 'Wallets',
+  ),
+  NavigationDestination(
+    icon: Icon(Icons.devices_other_outlined),
+    selectedIcon: Icon(Icons.devices_other),
+    label: 'Clients',
+  ),
+  NavigationDestination(
+    icon: Icon(Icons.policy_outlined),
+    selectedIcon: Icon(Icons.policy),
+    label: 'Grants',
+  ),
+  NavigationDestination(
+    icon: Icon(Icons.info_outline),
+    selectedIcon: Icon(Icons.info),
+    label: 'About',
+  ),
+],
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Regenerate router**
+
+```sh
+cd operator && dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
+```
+
+Expected: `lib/router.gr.dart` updated, `EvmGrantsRoute` now available, no errors.
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Full project verify**
+
+```sh
+cd operator && flutter analyze
+```
+
+Expected: no issues.
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**
+
+```sh
+jj describe -m "feat(nav): add Grants dashboard tab"
+jj new
+```

docs/superpowers/specs/2026-03-28-grant-grid-view-design.md

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# Grant Grid View — Design Spec
+
+**Date:** 2026-03-28
+
+## Overview
+
+Add a "Grants" dashboard tab to the Flutter operator app that displays all EVM grants as a card-based grid. Each card shows a compact summary (type, chain, wallet address, client name) with a revoke action. The tab integrates into the existing `AdaptiveScaffold` navigation alongside Wallets, Clients, and About.
+
+## Scope
+
+- New `walletAccessListProvider` for fetching wallet access entries with their DB row IDs
+- New `EvmGrantsScreen` as a dashboard tab
+- Grant card widget with enriched display (type, chain, wallet, client)
+- Revoke action wired to existing `executeRevokeEvmGrant` mutation
+- Dashboard tab bar and router updated
+- New token-transfer accent color added to `Palette`
+
+**Out of scope:** Fixing grant creation (separate task).
+
+---
+
+## Data Layer
+
+### `walletAccessListProvider`
+
+**File:** `operator/lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart`
+
+- `@riverpod` class, watches `connectionManagerProvider.future`
+- Returns `List<SdkClientWalletAccess>?` (null when not connected)
+- Each entry: `.id` (wallet_access_id), `.access.walletId`, `.access.sdkClientId`
+- Exposes a `refresh()` method following the same pattern as `EvmGrants.refresh()`
+
+### Enrichment at render time (Approach A)
+
+The `EvmGrantsScreen` watches four providers:
+1. `evmGrantsProvider` — the grant list
+2. `walletAccessListProvider` — to resolve wallet_access_id → (wallet_id, sdk_client_id)
+3. `evmProvider` — to resolve wallet_id → wallet address
+4. `sdkClientsProvider` — to resolve sdk_client_id → client name
+
+All lookups are in-memory Maps built inside the build method; no extra model class needed.
+
+Fallbacks:
+- Wallet address not found → `"Access #N"` where N is the wallet_access_id
+- Client name not found → `"Client #N"` where N is the sdk_client_id
+
+---
+
+## Route Structure
+
+```
+/dashboard
+  /evm          ← existing (Wallets tab)
+  /clients      ← existing (Clients tab)
+  /grants       ← NEW (Grants tab)
+  /about        ← existing
+
+/evm-grants/create  ← existing push route (unchanged)
+```
+
+### Changes to `router.dart`
+
+Add inside dashboard children:
+```dart
+AutoRoute(page: EvmGrantsRoute.page, path: 'grants'),
+```
+
+### Changes to `dashboard.dart`
+
+Add to `routes` list:
+```dart
+const EvmGrantsRoute()
+```
+
+Add `NavigationDestination`:
+```dart
+NavigationDestination(
+  icon: Icon(Icons.policy_outlined),
+  selectedIcon: Icon(Icons.policy),
+  label: 'Grants',
+),
+```
+
+---
+
+## Screen: `EvmGrantsScreen`
+
+**File:** `operator/lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart`
+
+```
+Scaffold
+└─ SafeArea
+   └─ RefreshIndicator.adaptive (refreshes evmGrantsProvider + walletAccessListProvider)
+      └─ ListView (BouncingScrollPhysics + AlwaysScrollableScrollPhysics)
+         ├─ PageHeader
+         │    title: 'EVM Grants'
+         │    isBusy: evmGrantsProvider.isLoading
+         │    actions: [CreateGrantButton, RefreshButton]
+         ├─ SizedBox(height: 1.8.h)
+         └─ <content>
+```
+
+### State handling
+
+Matches the pattern from `EvmScreen` and `ClientsScreen`:
+
+| State | Display |
+|---|---|
+| Loading (no data yet) | `_StatePanel` with spinner, "Loading grants" |
+| Error | `_StatePanel` with coral icon, error message, Retry button |
+| No connection | `_StatePanel`, "No active server connection" |
+| Empty list | `_StatePanel`, "No grants yet", with Create Grant shortcut |
+| Data | Column of `_GrantCard` widgets |
+
+### Header actions
+
+**CreateGrantButton:** `FilledButton.icon` with `Icons.add_rounded`, pushes `CreateEvmGrantRoute()` via `context.router.push(...)`.
+
+**RefreshButton:** `OutlinedButton.icon` with `Icons.refresh`, calls `ref.read(evmGrantsProvider.notifier).refresh()`.
+
+---
+
+## Grant Card: `_GrantCard`
+
+**Layout:**
+
+```
+Container (rounded 24, Palette.cream bg, Palette.line border)
+└─ IntrinsicHeight > Row
+   ├─ Accent strip (0.8.w wide, full height, rounded left)
+   └─ Padding > Column
+        ├─ Row 1: TypeBadge + ChainChip + Spacer + RevokeButton
+        └─ Row 2: WalletText + "·" + ClientText
+```
+
+**Accent color by grant type:**
+- Ether transfer → `Palette.coral`
+- Token transfer → `Palette.token` (new entry in `Palette` — indigo, e.g. `Color(0xFF5C6BC0)`)
+
+**TypeBadge:** Small pill container with accent color background at 15% opacity, accent-colored text. Label: `'Ether'` or `'Token'`.
+
+**ChainChip:** Small container: `'Chain ${grant.shared.chainId}'`, muted ink color.
+
+**WalletText:** Short hex address (`0xabc...def`) from wallet lookup, `bodySmall`, monospace font family.
+
+**ClientText:** Client name from `sdkClientsProvider` lookup, or fallback string. `bodySmall`, muted ink.
+
+**RevokeButton:**
+- `OutlinedButton` with `Icons.block_rounded` icon, label `'Revoke'`
+- `foregroundColor: Palette.coral`, `side: BorderSide(color: Palette.coral.withValues(alpha: 0.4))`
+- Disabled (replaced with `CircularProgressIndicator`) while `revokeEvmGrantMutation` is pending — note: this is a single global mutation, so all revoke buttons disable while any revoke is in flight
+- On press: calls `executeRevokeEvmGrant(ref, grantId: grant.id)`; shows `SnackBar` on error
+
+---
+
+## Adaptive Sizing
+
+All sizing uses `sizer` units (`1.h`, `1.w`, etc.). No hardcoded pixel values.
+
+---
+
+## Files to Create / Modify
+
+| File | Action |
+|---|---|
+| `lib/theme/palette.dart` | Modify — add `Palette.token` color |
+| `lib/providers/sdk_clients/wallet_access_list.dart` | Create |
+| `lib/screens/dashboard/evm/grants/grants.dart` | Create |
+| `lib/router.dart` | Modify — add grants route to dashboard children |
+| `lib/screens/dashboard.dart` | Modify — add tab to routes list and NavigationDestinations |

mise.lock

@@ -152,8 +152,5 @@ url = "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20
 provenance = "github-attestations"
 
 [[tools.rust]]
-version = "1.98.1"
+version = "1.95.0"
 backend = "core:rust"
-
-[tools.rust.options]
-components = "clippy,rust-analyzer"

mise.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 "cargo:cargo-vet" = "0.10.2"
 flutter = "3.41.7-stable"
 protoc = "29.6"
-rust = { version = "latest", components = "clippy,rust-analyzer" }
+rust = { version = "1.95.0", components = "clippy,rust-analyzer" }
 "cargo:cargo-features-manager" = "0.12.0"
 "cargo:cargo-nextest" = "0.9.133"
 "cargo:cargo-shear" = "latest"

server/Cargo.lock

@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "auto_impl",
  "either",
- "elliptic-curve 0.13.8",
+ "elliptic-curve",
  "k256",
  "thiserror",
 ]
@@ -769,9 +769,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "mutants",
  "pem",
  "proptest",
+ "prost",
  "prost-types",
  "rand 0.10.1",
- "rand_core 0.10.1",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "rcgen",
  "restructed",
  "rstest",
@@ -822,7 +823,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ark-serialize 0.3.0",
  "ark-std 0.3.0",
  "derivative",
- "num-bigint 0.4.6",
+ "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
  "paste",
  "rustc_version 0.3.3",
@@ -842,7 +843,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "derivative",
  "digest 0.10.7",
  "itertools 0.10.5",
- "num-bigint 0.4.6",
+ "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
  "paste",
  "rustc_version 0.4.1",
@@ -863,7 +864,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "digest 0.10.7",
  "educe",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
- "num-bigint 0.4.6",
+ "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
  "paste",
  "zeroize",
@@ -905,7 +906,7 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "db2fd794a08ccb318058009eefdf15bcaaaaf6f8161eb3345f907222bac38b20"
 dependencies = [
- "num-bigint 0.4.6",
+ "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
  "quote",
  "syn 1.0.109",
@@ -917,7 +918,7 @@ version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7abe79b0e4288889c4574159ab790824d0033b9fdcb2a112a3182fac2e514565"
 dependencies = [
- "num-bigint 0.4.6",
+ "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -930,7 +931,7 @@ version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "09be120733ee33f7693ceaa202ca41accd5653b779563608f1234f78ae07c4b3"
 dependencies = [
- "num-bigint 0.4.6",
+ "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -955,7 +956,7 @@ checksum = "adb7b85a02b83d2f22f89bd5cac66c9c89474240cb6207cb1efc16d098e822a5"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-std 0.4.0",
  "digest 0.10.7",
- "num-bigint 0.4.6",
+ "num-bigint",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -967,7 +968,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "arrayvec",
  "digest 0.10.7",
- "num-bigint 0.4.6",
+ "num-bigint",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1197,12 +1198,6 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4c7f02d4ea65f2c1853089ffd8d2787bdbc63de2f0d29dedbcf8ccdfa0ccd4cf"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "base16ct"
-version = "1.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fd307490d624467aa6f74b0eabb77633d1f758a7b25f12bceb0b22e08d9726f6"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
 version = "0.22.1"
@@ -1560,12 +1555,6 @@ version = "0.8.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "cpubits"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "15b85f9c39137c3a891689859392b1bd49812121d0d61c9caf00d46ed5ce06ae"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "cpufeatures"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -1628,22 +1617,20 @@ checksum = "0dc92fb57ca44df6db8059111ab3af99a63d5d0f8375d9972e319a379c6bab76"
 dependencies = [
  "generic-array 0.14.7",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "serdect 0.2.0",
  "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-bigint"
-version = "0.7.5"
+version = "0.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1a52aa3fcda4e6302a9f48734f234d35d4721b96f8fe07d073f07ce9df4f0271"
+checksum = "96272c2ff28b807e09250b180ad1fb7889a3258f7455759b5c3c58b719467130"
 dependencies = [
- "cpubits",
- "ctutils",
- "hybrid-array",
  "num-traits",
- "rand_core 0.10.1",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "serdect 0.4.3",
+ "serdect 0.3.0",
  "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -1676,7 +1663,6 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7d5515a3834141de9eafb9717ad39eea8247b5674e6066c404e8c4b365d2a29e"
 dependencies = [
  "cmov",
- "subtle",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1839,7 +1825,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "asn1-rs",
  "displaydoc",
  "nom",
- "num-bigint 0.4.6",
+ "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
  "rusticata-macros",
 ]
@@ -2036,7 +2022,7 @@ checksum = "ee27f32b5c5292967d2d4a9d7f1e0b0aed2c15daded5a60300e4abb9d8020bca"
 dependencies = [
  "der 0.7.10",
  "digest 0.10.7",
- "elliptic-curve 0.13.8",
+ "elliptic-curve",
  "rfc6979",
  "serdect 0.2.0",
  "signature 2.2.0",
@@ -2070,50 +2056,34 @@ version = "0.13.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b5e6043086bf7973472e0c7dff2142ea0b680d30e18d9cc40f267efbf222bd47"
 dependencies = [
- "base16ct 0.2.0",
+ "base16ct",
  "crypto-bigint 0.5.5",
  "digest 0.10.7",
- "ff 0.13.1",
+ "ff",
  "generic-array 0.14.7",
- "group 0.13.0",
+ "group",
+ "hkdf",
  "pkcs8 0.10.2",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "sec1 0.7.3",
+ "sec1",
  "serdect 0.2.0",
  "subtle",
- "zeroize",
+ "tap",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "elliptic-curve"
-version = "0.14.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9d65aa39b3a5c1c9c1b745c9a019234bb7a21b77abcb4f4d266d706e2d577d65"
-dependencies = [
- "base16ct 1.0.0",
- "crypto-bigint 0.7.5",
- "crypto-common 0.2.1",
- "ff 0.14.0",
- "group 0.14.0",
- "hybrid-array",
- "pkcs8 0.11.0",
- "rand_core 0.10.1",
- "sec1 0.8.1",
- "serdect 0.4.3",
- "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "elliptic-curve-tools"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7a0d5e534f103b079a71ef1d66c6e62c89413f1b62709ca11f744429b4afe5b4"
+checksum = "1de2b6fae800f08032a6ea32995b52925b1d451bff9d445c8ab2932323277faf"
 dependencies = [
- "elliptic-curve 0.14.1",
+ "elliptic-curve",
  "heapless",
+ "hex",
+ "multiexp",
  "serde",
- "serdect 0.4.3",
+ "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2186,20 +2156,11 @@ version = "0.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c0b50bfb653653f9ca9095b427bed08ab8d75a137839d9ad64eb11810d5b6393"
 dependencies = [
+ "bitvec",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "subtle",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ff"
-version = "0.14.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a1f686ab92a9fb0eaf188f6c6c87b89490baa6fdb0db4544ba4dc47f7942489f"
-dependencies = [
- "rand_core 0.10.1",
- "subtle",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "fiat-crypto"
 version = "0.2.9"
@@ -2398,9 +2359,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "generic-array"
-version = "1.4.2"
+version = "1.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fb130435a959a8d525e6bca66ff6c40981a300ee96d70e3ef56f046556d614a3"
+checksum = "dab9e9188e97a93276e1fe7b56401b851e2b45a46d045ca658100c1303ada649"
 dependencies = [
  "rustversion",
  "serde_core",
@@ -2466,22 +2427,11 @@ version = "0.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f0f9ef7462f7c099f518d754361858f86d8a07af53ba9af0fe635bbccb151a63"
 dependencies = [
- "ff 0.13.1",
+ "ff",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "subtle",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "group"
-version = "0.14.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7fd1a1c7a5206c5b7a3f5a0d7ccd3ff85d0c8f5133d62a02680255b0004af5f4"
-dependencies = [
- "ff 0.14.0",
- "rand_core 0.10.1",
- "subtle",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "h2"
 version = "0.4.13"
@@ -2552,9 +2502,9 @@ checksum = "4f467dd6dccf739c208452f8014c75c18bb8301b050ad1cfb27153803edb0f51"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "heapless"
-version = "0.9.3"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "25ba4bd83f9415b58b4ed8dc5714c76e626a105be4646c02630ad730ad3b5aa4"
+checksum = "0bfb9eb618601c89945a70e254898da93b13be0388091d42117462b265bb3fad"
 dependencies = [
  "hash32",
  "stable_deref_trait",
@@ -2587,6 +2537,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrayvec",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hkdf"
+version = "0.12.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7b5f8eb2ad728638ea2c7d47a21db23b7b58a72ed6a38256b8a1849f15fbbdf7"
+dependencies = [
+ "hmac 0.12.1",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hmac"
 version = "0.12.1"
@@ -2652,13 +2611,12 @@ checksum = "df3b46402a9d5adb4c86a0cf463f42e19994e3ee891101b1841f30a545cb49a9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hybrid-array"
-version = "0.4.15"
+version = "0.4.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "27f864f10dfb56725ce5ce5472bc52252c8f93a4ab86327122cebf62c5f59a17"
+checksum = "08d46837a0ed51fe95bd3b05de33cd64a1ee88fc797477ca48446872504507c5"
 dependencies = [
  "ctutils",
  "serde",
- "subtle",
  "typenum",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -3061,7 +3019,7 @@ checksum = "f6e3919bbaa2945715f0bb6d3934a173d1e9a59ac23767fbaaef277265a7411b"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "ecdsa",
- "elliptic-curve 0.13.8",
+ "elliptic-curve",
  "once_cell",
  "serdect 0.2.0",
  "sha2 0.10.9",
@@ -3071,7 +3029,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "kameo"
 version = "0.22.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git?rev=3bbebac#3bbebac9f2a943be75588d80826e6bea45079d5f"
+source = "git+https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git?rev=17af90e3#17af90e3ae95fc6f89fa31a2f1b9506ac127f0b7"
 dependencies = [
  "downcast-rs",
  "dyn-clone",
@@ -3085,7 +3043,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "kameo_actors"
 version = "0.8.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git?rev=3bbebac#3bbebac9f2a943be75588d80826e6bea45079d5f"
+source = "git+https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git?rev=17af90e3#17af90e3ae95fc6f89fa31a2f1b9506ac127f0b7"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "glob",
@@ -3097,12 +3055,12 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "kameo_macros"
 version = "0.21.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git?rev=3bbebac#3bbebac9f2a943be75588d80826e6bea45079d5f"
+source = "git+https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git?rev=17af90e3#17af90e3ae95fc6f89fa31a2f1b9506ac127f0b7"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.5",
+ "syn 3.0.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3405,6 +3363,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "multiexp"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7ec2ce93a6f06ac6cae04c1da3f2a6a24fcfc1f0eb0b4e0f3d302f0df45326cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "ff",
+ "group",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "rustversion",
+ "std-shims",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "multimap"
 version = "0.10.1"
@@ -3436,6 +3408,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "35bd024e8b2ff75562e5f34e7f4905839deb4b22955ef5e73d2fea1b9813cb23"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-complex",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-iter",
+ "num-rational",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-bigint"
 version = "0.4.6"
@@ -3444,16 +3430,18 @@ checksum = "a5e44f723f1133c9deac646763579fdb3ac745e418f2a7af9cd0c431da1f20b9"
 dependencies = [
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.6",
+ "serde",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "num-bigint"
+name = "num-complex"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.4.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "93e7820bc0a80a0238e650327316f929ba18d5be054b647490a3a6a339f3e7c0"
+checksum = "73f88a1307638156682bada9d7604135552957b7818057dcef22705b4d509495"
 dependencies = [
- "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.6",
  "serde",
 ]
 
@@ -3472,6 +3460,29 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num-iter"
+version = "0.1.45"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1429034a0490724d0075ebb2bc9e875d6503c3cf69e235a8941aa757d83ef5bf"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-rational"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f83d14da390562dca69fc84082e73e548e1ad308d24accdedd2720017cb37824"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
 version = "0.2.19"
@@ -4351,7 +4362,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "fastrlp 0.3.1",
  "fastrlp 0.4.0",
- "num-bigint 0.4.6",
+ "num-bigint",
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -4578,7 +4589,7 @@ version = "0.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d3e97a565f76233a6003f9f5c54be1d9c5bdfa3eccfb189469f11ec4901c47dc"
 dependencies = [
- "base16ct 0.2.0",
+ "base16ct",
  "der 0.7.10",
  "generic-array 0.14.7",
  "pkcs8 0.10.2",
@@ -4587,21 +4598,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "sec1"
-version = "0.8.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d56d437c2f19203ce5f7122e507831de96f3d2d4d3be5af44a0b0a09d8a80e4d"
-dependencies = [
- "base16ct 1.0.0",
- "ctutils",
- "der 0.8.0",
- "hybrid-array",
- "serdect 0.4.3",
- "subtle",
- "zeroize",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "secp256k1"
 version = "0.30.0"
@@ -4759,17 +4755,17 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a84f14a19e9a014bb9f4512488d9829a68e04ecabffb0f9904cd1ace94598177"
 dependencies = [
- "base16ct 0.2.0",
+ "base16ct",
  "serde",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serdect"
-version = "0.4.3"
+version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "66cf8fedced2fcf12406bcb34223dffb92eaf34908ede12fed414c82b7f00b3e"
+checksum = "f42f67da2385b51a5f9652db9c93d78aeaf7610bf5ec366080b6de810604af53"
 dependencies = [
- "base16ct 1.0.0",
+ "base16ct",
  "serde",
 ]
 
@@ -4815,17 +4811,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "keccak 0.2.0",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "sha3"
-version = "0.12.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bc9bad02c26382724b2d2692c6f179285e4b54eeecd7968f52a50059c3c11759"
-dependencies = [
- "digest 0.11.2",
- "keccak 0.2.0",
- "sponge-cursor",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "sha3-asm"
 version = "0.1.6"
@@ -4836,17 +4821,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "shake"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "09057cb2149ad4cbd2da1e26b351f9a4c354219421229c69c3063e6f61947c4a"
-dependencies = [
- "digest 0.11.2",
- "keccak 0.2.0",
- "sponge-cursor",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "sharded-slab"
 version = "0.1.7"
@@ -4960,6 +4934,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "spin"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d5fe4ccb98d9c292d56fec89a5e07da7fc4cf0dc11e156b41793132775d3e591"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "spki"
 version = "0.7.3"
@@ -4980,12 +4960,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "der 0.8.0",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "sponge-cursor"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3a0219bd7d979d58245a4f41f695e1ac9f8befdffadd7f61f1bae9e39abc6620"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "sqlite-wasm-rs"
 version = "0.5.3"
@@ -5010,6 +4984,17 @@ version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "std-shims"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "227c4f8561598188d0df96dbe749824576174bba278b5b6bb2eacff1066067d0"
+dependencies = [
+ "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "rustversion",
+ "spin",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "string_morph"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -5115,9 +5100,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "3.0.5"
+version = "3.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "12df2e0110f65b775f769bb17ef989067a1d931b2eb822bd4346631eeada89f9"
+checksum = "e6275cddf4610d1775e6d1fe9469b2e77d0f39fd98fb7450901b821e0c53649f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -5766,23 +5751,21 @@ checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vsss-rs"
-version = "6.0.1"
+version = "5.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d6bfc736cfd88115aedb95ba84bc2d428fe351e92a56f69fce090af301402d91"
+checksum = "6ec751bdcc8bda099e269b24cc6b4ad14f9ce8b0490c1599174070e792ecd70c"
 dependencies = [
- "crypto-bigint 0.7.5",
+ "crypto-bigint 0.5.5",
- "elliptic-curve 0.14.1",
+ "crypto-bigint 0.6.1",
+ "elliptic-curve",
  "elliptic-curve-tools",
- "ff 0.14.0",
+ "generic-array 1.4.1",
- "generic-array 1.4.2",
  "hex",
  "hybrid-array",
- "num-bigint 0.5.1",
+ "num",
- "num-traits",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "rand_core 0.10.1",
  "serde",
- "sha3 0.12.0",
+ "sha3 0.10.9",
- "shake",
  "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -6474,18 +6457,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zeroize"
-version = "1.9.0"
+version = "1.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e13c156562582aa81c60cb29407084cdb54c4164760106ab78e6c5b0858cf64e"
+checksum = "b97154e67e32c85465826e8bcc1c59429aaaf107c1e4a9e53c8d8ccd5eff88d0"
 dependencies = [
  "zeroize_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zeroize_derive"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3c50655cbb0fe3fc43170059e702f1ce5e19b84cec58dc87b037a09935c2f328"
+checksum = "85a5b4158499876c763cb03bc4e49185d3cccbabb15b33c627f7884f43db852e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",

server/Cargo.toml

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ base64 = "0.22.1"
 chrono = { version = "0.4.44", features = ["serde"] }
 futures = "0.3.32"
 k256 = { version = "0.13.4", features = ["ecdsa", "pkcs8"] }
-kameo = {git = "https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git", rev = "3bbebac"}
+kameo = {git = "https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git", rev = "17af90e3"}
-kameo_actors = {git = "https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git", rev = "3bbebac"}
+kameo_actors = {git = "https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git", rev = "17af90e3"}
 hmac = "0.13.0"
 miette = { version = "7.6.0", features = ["fancy", "serde"] }
 ml-dsa = { version = "0.1.0-rc.9", features = ["zeroize"] }
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ mutants = "0.0.4"
 prost = "0.14.3"
 prost-types = { version = "0.14.3", features = ["chrono"] }
 rand = "0.10.1"
-rand_core = "0.10.1"
 rcgen = { version = "0.14.7", features = [ "aws_lc_rs",  "pem", "x509-parser", "zeroize" ], default-features = false }
 rstest = "0.26.1"
 rustls = { version = "0.23.40", features = ["aws-lc-rs", "logging", "prefer-post-quantum", "std"], default-features = false }
@@ -77,8 +76,6 @@ needless_pass_by_ref_mut = "allow"
 pub_underscore_fields = "allow"
 redundant_pub_crate = "allow" 
 uninhabited_references = "allow" # safe with unsafe_code = "forbid" and standard uninhabited pattern (match *self {})
-too-many-lines = "allow" # this is a very common pattern in server code, and it's not always possible to break it down into smaller modules without hurting readability
-unused_async_trait_impl = "allow" # too pedantic
 
 # restriction lints
 alloc_instead_of_core = "warn"
@@ -109,7 +106,6 @@ indexing_slicing = "warn"
 infinite_loop = "warn"
 inline_asm_x86_att_syntax = "warn"
 inline_asm_x86_intel_syntax = "warn"
-integer_division = "warn"
 large_include_file = "warn"
 lossy_float_literal = "warn"
 map_with_unused_argument_over_ranges = "warn"

server/clippy.toml

@@ -26,3 +26,5 @@ trait-assoc-item-kinds-order = [
     "type",
     "fn",
 ] # community tested standard
+
+too-many-lines-threshold = 150

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/auth.rs

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ async fn send_auth_challenge_solution(
     key: &SigningKey,
     challenge: AuthChallenge,
 ) -> Result<(), AuthError> {
-    let timestamp = DateTime::from_timestamp_nanos(challenge.timestamp_nanos.cast_signed());
+    let timestamp = DateTime::from_timestamp_nanos(challenge.timestamp_nanos as i64);
     let challenge = authn::AuthChallenge {
         nonce: *challenge
             .random

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/client.rs

@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ impl ArbiterClient {
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "evm")]
+    #[expect(clippy::unused_async, reason = "false positive")]
     pub async fn evm_wallets(&self) -> Result<Vec<ArbiterEvmWallet>, ArbiterClientError> {
         todo!("fetch EVM wallet list from server")
     }

server/crates/arbiter-crypto/src/authn/v1.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use rand::RngExt;
 
 pub static CLIENT_CONTEXT: &[u8] = b"arbiter_client";
 pub static OPERATOR_CONTEXT: &[u8] = b"arbiter_operator";
+pub static GOVERNANCE_CONTEXT: &[u8] = b"arbiter_governance_vote";
 
 const NONCE_SIZE: usize = 32;
 
@@ -90,6 +91,11 @@ impl PublicKey {
         self.0
             .verify_with_context(&challenge, context, &signature.0)
     }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn verify_message(&self, message: &[u8], context: &[u8], signature: &Signature) -> bool {
+        self.0.verify_with_context(message, context, &signature.0)
+    }
 }
 
 impl Signature {

server/crates/arbiter-crypto/src/safecell.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub trait SafeCellHandle<T> {
     fn read(&mut self) -> Self::CellRead<'_>;
     fn write(&mut self) -> Self::CellWrite<'_>;
 
-    fn new_inline<F>(f: F) -> Self
+    fn new_inline_default<F>(f: F) -> Self
     where
         Self: Sized,
         T: Default,
@@ -36,6 +36,14 @@ pub trait SafeCellHandle<T> {
         cell
     }
 
+    fn new_inline<F>(f: Box<F>) -> Self
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+        F: for<'a> FnOnce() -> T,
+    {
+        Self::new(f())
+    }
+
     #[inline(always)]
     fn read_inline<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R
     where

server/crates/arbiter-server/Cargo.toml

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ diesel_migrations = { version = "2.3.2", features = ["sqlite"] }
 async-trait.workspace = true
 tokio-stream.workspace = true
 rand.workspace = true
-rand_core.workspace = true
 rcgen.workspace = true
 chrono.workspace = true
 kameo.workspace = true
@@ -43,6 +42,7 @@ pem = "3.0.6"
 sha2.workspace = true
 hmac.workspace = true
 alloy.workspace = true
+prost.workspace = true
 prost-types.workspace = true
 arbiter-tokens-registry.path = "../arbiter-tokens-registry"
 anyhow = "1.0.102"
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ subtle = "2.6.1"
 x25519-dalek.workspace = true
 k256.workspace = true
 kameo_actors.workspace = true
-vsss-rs = "6.0.1"
+vsss-rs = "5.4.0"
+rand_core = "0.6"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 proptest = "1.11.0"

server/crates/arbiter-server/migrations/2026-02-14-171124-0000_init/up.sql

@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ create table if not exists tls_history (
 create table if not exists arbiter_settings (
     id INTEGER not null PRIMARY KEY CHECK (id = 1), -- singleton row, id must be 1
     root_key_id integer references root_key_history (id) on delete RESTRICT, -- if null, means wasn't bootstrapped yet
-    tls_id integer references tls_history (id) on delete RESTRICT,
+    tls_id integer references tls_history (id) on delete RESTRICT
-    shamir_threshold integer
 ) STRICT;
 
 insert into arbiter_settings (id) values (1) on conflict do nothing;
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ create table if not exists operator (
 
     share blob not null,
     share_nonce blob not null,
-    share_salt blob not null,
+    share_salt blob not null default (randomblob(32)),
 
     created_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now')),
     updated_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now'))
@@ -217,3 +216,73 @@ create table if not exists integrity_envelope (
 ) STRICT;
 
 create unique index if not exists uniq_integrity_envelope_entity on integrity_envelope (entity_kind, entity_id);
+
+create table if not exists proposal (
+    id           integer not null primary key,
+    kind         text    not null,
+    payload      blob    not null,
+    initiator_id integer not null references operator_identity(id) on delete restrict,
+    created_at   integer not null default(unixepoch('now')),
+    expires_at   integer not null,
+    status       text    not null default 'pending'
+        check (status in ('pending', 'approved', 'rejected', 'expired'))
+) STRICT;
+
+create table if not exists proposal_vote (
+    id          integer not null primary key,
+    proposal_id integer not null references proposal(id) on delete cascade,
+    operator_id integer not null references operator_identity(id) on delete restrict,
+    approve     integer not null check (approve in (0, 1)),
+    signature   blob    not null,
+    voted_at    integer not null default(unixepoch('now')),
+    unique (proposal_id, operator_id)
+) STRICT;
+
+
+create table if not exists proposal_result (
+    proposal_id integer not null primary key references proposal(id) on delete cascade,
+    data        blob    not null,
+    created_at  integer not null default(unixepoch('now'))
+) STRICT;
+
+-- ===============================
+-- Recovery Operators (§3.4/§3.5/§3.6)
+-- ===============================
+
+-- Encrypted Shamir shares for recovery operators (mirrors the `operator` table).
+create table if not exists recovery_operator (
+    id          integer not null primary key references recovery_operator_identity(id) on delete restrict,
+    share       blob    not null,
+    share_nonce blob    not null,
+    share_salt  blob    not null,
+    created_at  integer not null default(unixepoch('now')),
+    updated_at  integer not null default(unixepoch('now'))
+) STRICT;
+
+create table if not exists recovery_operator_identity (
+    id         integer not null primary key,
+    public_key blob    not null unique,
+    created_at integer not null default(unixepoch('now')),
+    updated_at integer not null default(unixepoch('now'))
+) STRICT;
+
+-- One active wakeup request at a time. A request is pending when cancelled_at IS NULL
+-- and requested_at + 14 days > now. It becomes active (recovery live) after 14 days.
+create table if not exists recovery_wakeup_request (
+    id           integer not null primary key,
+    requested_by integer not null references operator_identity(id) on delete restrict,
+    requested_at integer not null default(unixepoch('now')),
+    cancelled_by integer references operator_identity(id) on delete restrict,
+    cancelled_at integer
+) STRICT;
+
+-- Votes cast by recovery operators; only allowed on replace_operator proposals.
+create table if not exists recovery_proposal_vote (
+    id                   integer not null primary key,
+    proposal_id          integer not null references proposal(id) on delete cascade,
+    recovery_operator_id integer not null references recovery_operator_identity(id) on delete restrict,
+    approve              integer not null check (approve in (0, 1)),
+    signature            blob    not null,
+    voted_at             integer not null default(unixepoch('now')),
+    unique (proposal_id, recovery_operator_id)
+) STRICT;

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/bootstrap.rs

@@ -1,164 +1,98 @@
-use crate::{
+use crate::db::{self, DatabasePool, schema};
-    actors::vault::events,
-    db::{self, schema},
-};
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 use arbiter_proto::{BOOTSTRAP_PATH, home_path};
 
 use diesel::QueryDsl;
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
-use kameo::{
+use kameo::{Actor, messages};
-    Actor,
+use rand::{RngExt, distr::Alphanumeric, make_rng, rngs::StdRng};
-    actor::ActorRef,
-    messages,
-    prelude::{Context, Message},
-};
-use kameo_actors::message_bus::{MessageBus, Register};
-use rand::{RngExt, distr::Alphanumeric, rngs::SysRng};
-use rand_core::UnwrapErr;
-use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use subtle::ConstantTimeEq as _;
-use tracing::warn;
+use thiserror::Error;
 
 const TOKEN_LENGTH: usize = 64;
 
-async fn write_token_file(path: &Path, content: &str) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
+pub async fn generate_token() -> Result<String, std::io::Error> {
-    if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
+    let rng: StdRng = make_rng();
-        tokio::fs::create_dir_all(parent).await?;
+
-    }
+    let token = rng.sample_iter(Alphanumeric).take(TOKEN_LENGTH).fold(
-    tokio::fs::write(path, content.as_bytes()).await?;
+        String::default(),
-    #[cfg(unix)]
+        |mut accum, char| {
-    {
+            accum += char.to_string().as_str();
-        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt as _;
+            accum
-        tokio::fs::set_permissions(path, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o600)).await?;
+        },
-    }
+    );
-    Ok(())
+
+    tokio::fs::write(home_path()?.join(BOOTSTRAP_PATH), token.as_str()).await?;
+
+    Ok(token)
 }
 
-async fn remove_token_file(path: &Path) {
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
-    match tokio::fs::remove_file(path).await {
-        Ok(()) => {}
-        Err(error) if error.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
-        Err(error) => warn!(?error, ?path, "Failed to remove bootstrap token file"),
-    }
-}
-
-async fn generate_token(path: &Path) -> Result<SafeCell<[u8; TOKEN_LENGTH]>, std::io::Error> {
-    let mut cell = SafeCell::new([0u8; TOKEN_LENGTH]);
-    {
-        let mut buf = cell.write();
-        for (slot, byte) in buf
-            .iter_mut()
-            .zip(UnwrapErr(SysRng).sample_iter(Alphanumeric))
-        {
-            *slot = byte;
-        }
-    }
-    let token = cell.read_inline(|buf| String::from_utf8_lossy(buf.as_ref()).into_owned());
-    write_token_file(path, &token).await?;
-    Ok(cell)
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum Error {
     #[error("Database error: {0}")]
     Database(#[from] db::PoolError),
+
     #[error("I/O error: {0}")]
     Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+
     #[error("Database query error: {0}")]
     Query(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
 }
 
-/// Custodian of the one-time bootstrap token.
+#[derive(Actor)]
-///
-/// The token authorises registering operator identities before the vault
-/// exists. A Shamir committee needs every member registered before it can be
-/// declared, so the token stays valid across several registrations and is
-/// retired by the `Bootstrapped` event rather than by first use, whichever
-/// bootstrap path fired it.
-///
-/// Every daemon start mints a fresh token and overwrites the file: a token
-/// handed out by an earlier run is dead.
 pub struct Bootstrapper {
-    token: Option<SafeCell<[u8; TOKEN_LENGTH]>>,
+    token: Option<String>,
-    token_path: Option<PathBuf>,
-    events: ActorRef<MessageBus>,
-}
-
-impl Actor for Bootstrapper {
-    type Args = Self;
-    type Error = std::convert::Infallible;
-
-    async fn on_start(args: Self::Args, actor_ref: ActorRef<Self>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        let _ = args
-            .events
-            .tell(Register(actor_ref.recipient::<events::Bootstrapped>()))
-            .await;
-        Ok(args)
-    }
 }
 
 impl Bootstrapper {
-    pub async fn new(db: &db::DatabasePool, events: ActorRef<MessageBus>) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    pub async fn new(db: &DatabasePool) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        let path = home_path()?.join(BOOTSTRAP_PATH);
+        let row_count: i64 = {
-        let mut conn = db.get().await?;
+            let mut conn = db.get().await?;
 
-        let bootstrapped = schema::arbiter_settings::table
+            schema::operator::table
-            .select(schema::arbiter_settings::root_key_id)
+                .count()
-            .first::<Option<i32>>(&mut conn)
+                .get_result(&mut conn)
-            .await?
+                .await?
-            .is_some();
+        };
-        if bootstrapped {
-            // A token file can outlive the bootstrap that made it obsolete:
-            // the daemon may have been killed before the event was handled.
-            remove_token_file(&path).await;
-            return Ok(Self {
-                token: None,
-                token_path: None,
-                events,
-            });
-        }
 
-        Ok(Self {
+        let token = if row_count == 0 {
-            token: Some(generate_token(&path).await?),
+            let token = generate_token().await?;
-            token_path: Some(path),
+            Some(token)
-            events,
+        } else {
-        })
+            None
-    }
+        };
 
-    async fn forget(&mut self) {
+        Ok(Self { token })
-        self.token = None;
-        if let Some(path) = self.token_path.take() {
-            remove_token_file(&path).await;
-        }
     }
 }
 
-impl Message<events::Bootstrapped> for Bootstrapper {
-    type Reply = ();
-
-    async fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        _: events::Bootstrapped,
-        _ctx: &mut Context<Self, Self::Reply>,
-    ) -> Self::Reply {
-        self.forget().await;
-    }
-}
-    
 #[messages]
 impl Bootstrapper {
     #[message]
-    pub fn verify_token(&mut self, token: Vec<u8>) -> bool {
+    pub fn is_correct_token(&self, token: String) -> bool {
-        self.token.as_mut().is_some_and(|expected| {
+        self.token.as_ref().is_some_and(|expected| {
-            expected.read_inline(|bytes| bool::from(bytes.as_ref().ct_eq(token.as_slice())))
+            let expected_bytes = expected.as_bytes();
+            let token_bytes = token.as_bytes();
+
+            let choice = expected_bytes.ct_eq(token_bytes);
+            bool::from(choice)
         })
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub fn get_token(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
+    pub fn consume_token(&mut self, token: String) -> bool {
-        self.token
+        if self.is_correct_token(token) {
-            .as_mut()
+            self.token = None;
-            .map(|cell| cell.read_inline(|buf| String::from_utf8_lossy(buf.as_ref()).into_owned()))
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[messages]
+impl Bootstrapper {
+    #[message]
+    pub fn get_token(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.token.clone()
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/evm/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
     actors::vault::{CreateNew, Decrypt, Vault},
-    crypto::integrity::{self, Integrable},
+    crypto::integrity,
     db::{
         DatabaseError, DatabasePool,
         models::{self, EvmWalletId},
@@ -25,35 +25,14 @@ use diesel::{
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 use kameo::{Actor, actor::ActorRef, messages};
 use rand::{SeedableRng, rng, rngs::StdRng};
-use tracing::error;
 
 pub use crate::evm::safe_signer;
 
-/// Integrity guard that binds a wallet's encrypted key ID to its Ethereum address.
-/// Both fields are included in the HMAC — swapping `aead_encrypted_id` in the DB
-/// invalidates the envelope MAC, and the AEAD ciphertext is also bound to `address`
-/// as AAD, so decryption fails too.
-#[derive(arbiter_macros::Hashable)]
-struct EvmWalletIntegrity {
-    aead_encrypted_id: i32,
-    address: Address,
-}
-
-impl Integrable for EvmWalletIntegrity {
-    const KIND: &'static str = "evm_wallet";
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum SignTransactionError {
     #[error("Wallet not found")]
     WalletNotFound,
 
-    #[error("Decrypted key does not match requested wallet address")]
-    KeyAddressMismatch,
-
-    #[error("Internal signing error")]
-    Internal,
-
     #[error("Database error: {0}")]
     Database(#[from] DatabaseError),
 
@@ -85,12 +64,6 @@ pub enum Error {
     Integrity(#[from] integrity::Error),
 }
 
-impl From<diesel::result::Error> for Error {
-    fn from(e: diesel::result::Error) -> Self {
-        Self::Database(DatabaseError::from(e))
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Actor)]
 pub struct EvmActor {
     pub vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
@@ -124,39 +97,20 @@ impl EvmActor {
 
         let aead_id: i32 = self
             .vault
-            .ask(CreateNew {
+            .ask(CreateNew { plaintext })
-                plaintext,
-                aad: address.as_slice().to_vec(),
-            })
             .await
             .map_err(|_| Error::VaultSend)?;
 
         let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
-        let wallet_id = conn
+        let wallet_id = insert_into(schema::evm_wallet::table)
-            .exclusive_transaction(async |conn| {
+            .values(&models::NewEvmWallet {
-                let wallet_id: i32 = insert_into(schema::evm_wallet::table)
+                address: address.as_slice().to_vec(),
-                    .values(&models::NewEvmWallet {
+                aead_encrypted_id: aead_id,
-                        address: address.as_slice().to_vec(),
-                        aead_encrypted_id: aead_id,
-                    })
-                    .returning(schema::evm_wallet::id)
-                    .get_result(conn)
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(DatabaseError::from)
-                    .map_err(Error::Database)?;
-
-                integrity::sign_entity(
-                    conn,
-                    &self.vault,
-                    &EvmWalletIntegrity { address, aead_encrypted_id: aead_id },
-                    wallet_id,
-                )
-                .await
-                .map_err(Error::Integrity)?;
-
-                Ok::<i32, Error>(wallet_id)
             })
-            .await?;
+            .returning(schema::evm_wallet::id)
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
 
         Ok((wallet_id, address))
     }
@@ -206,14 +160,23 @@ impl EvmActor {
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub async fn useragent_delete_grant(
+    pub async fn operator_delete_grant(&mut self, grant_id: i32) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        &mut self,
+        let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
-        grant_id: i32,
+
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let affected = diesel::update(schema::evm_basic_grant::table)
-        self.engine
+            .filter(schema::evm_basic_grant::id.eq(grant_id))
-            .revoke_grant(grant_id)
+            .set(schema::evm_basic_grant::revoked_at.eq(models::SqliteTimestamp::now()))
+            .execute(&mut conn)
             .await
-            .map_err(Error::from)
+            .map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
+
+        if affected == 0 {
+            return Err(Error::Database(DatabaseError::from(
+                diesel::result::Error::NotFound,
+            )));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[message]
@@ -287,51 +250,16 @@ impl EvmActor {
             .ok_or(SignTransactionError::WalletNotFound)?;
         drop(conn);
 
-        let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
-        let attestation = integrity::verify_entity(
-            &mut conn,
-            &self.vault,
-            &EvmWalletIntegrity {
-                address: wallet_address,
-                aead_encrypted_id: wallet.aead_encrypted_id,
-            },
-            wallet.id.to_raw(),
-        )
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| {
-            error!(?e, ?wallet.id, "EVM wallet integrity check failed");
-            SignTransactionError::Internal
-        })?;
-        drop(conn);
-
-        if attestation != integrity::AttestationStatus::Attested {
-            error!(
-                ?wallet.id,
-                "EVM wallet integrity unavailable; refusing to sign"
-            );
-            return Err(SignTransactionError::Internal);
-        }
-
         let raw_key: SafeCell<Vec<u8>> = self
             .vault
             .ask(Decrypt {
                 aead_id: wallet.aead_encrypted_id,
-                aad: wallet.address.clone(),
             })
             .await
             .map_err(|_| SignTransactionError::VaultSend)?;
 
         let signer = safe_signer::SafeSigner::from_cell(raw_key)?;
 
-        if signer.address() != wallet_address {
-            error!(
-                expected = %wallet_address,
-                actual = %signer.address(),
-                "Decrypted private key address does not match requested wallet"
-            );
-            return Err(SignTransactionError::KeyAddressMismatch);
-        }
-
         self.engine
             .evaluate_transaction(wallet_access, transaction.clone(), RunKind::Execution)
             .await?;

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/flow_coordinator/client_connect_approval.rs

@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@ use kameo::{
     prelude::{ActorId, ActorRef, ActorStopReason, Context, WeakActorRef},
     reply::ReplySender,
 };
-use std::{ops::ControlFlow, time::Duration};
+use std::ops::ControlFlow;
-
-const APPROVAL_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
 
 pub struct Args {
     pub client: ClientProfile,
@@ -66,14 +64,6 @@ impl Actor for ClientApprovalController {
                 .await;
         }
 
-        let weak = actor_ref.downgrade();
-        tokio::spawn(async move {
-            tokio::time::sleep(APPROVAL_TIMEOUT).await;
-            if let Some(r) = weak.upgrade() {
-                let _ = r.tell(OnApprovalTimeout {}).await;
-            }
-        });
-
         Ok(this)
     }
 
@@ -114,14 +104,4 @@ impl ClientApprovalController {
             ctx.stop();
         }
     }
-
-    /// Fired after `APPROVAL_TIMEOUT` elapses. Any operator that hasn't responded
-    /// by then is treated as a denial to prevent zombie sessions from blocking the flow.
-    #[message(ctx)]
-    pub fn on_approval_timeout(&mut self, ctx: &mut Context<Self, ()>) {
-        if self.pending > 0 {
-            self.send_reply(Ok(false));
-            ctx.stop();
-        }
-    }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/flow_coordinator/mod.rs

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ pub mod client_connect_approval;
 
 pub struct FlowCoordinator {
     pub clients: HashMap<ActorId, ActorRef<ClientSession>>,
-    /// Maps DB `client_id` → `ActorId` for fast connected-client lookup.
-    client_ids: HashMap<i32, ActorId>,
     operator_registry: ActorRef<OperatorRegistry>,
 }
 
@@ -29,7 +27,6 @@ impl FlowCoordinator {
     pub fn new(operator_registry: ActorRef<OperatorRegistry>) -> Self {
         Self {
             clients: HashMap::default(),
-            client_ids: HashMap::default(),
             operator_registry,
         }
     }
@@ -51,7 +48,6 @@ impl Actor for FlowCoordinator {
         _: ActorStopReason,
     ) -> Result<ControlFlow<ActorStopReason>, Self::Error> {
         if self.clients.remove(&id).is_some() {
-            self.client_ids.retain(|_, actor_id| *actor_id != id);
             info!(
                 ?id,
                 actor = "FlowCoordinator",
@@ -79,28 +75,14 @@ impl FlowCoordinator {
     #[message(ctx)]
     pub async fn register_client(
         &mut self,
-        client_id: i32,
         actor: ActorRef<ClientSession>,
         ctx: &mut Context<Self, ()>,
     ) {
-        info!(id = %actor.id(), client_id, actor = "FlowCoordinator", event = "client.connected");
+        info!(id = %actor.id(), actor = "FlowCoordinator", event = "client.connected");
         ctx.actor_ref().link(&actor).await;
-        self.client_ids.insert(client_id, actor.id());
         self.clients.insert(actor.id(), actor);
     }
 
-    #[message]
-    pub fn is_client_connected(&self, client_id: i32) -> bool {
-        self.client_ids.contains_key(&client_id)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the DB `client_ids` of all currently connected SDK clients.
-    /// Used by operator sessions on startup to seed their approved-client set.
-    #[message]
-    pub fn get_connected_client_ids(&self) -> Vec<i32> {
-        self.client_ids.keys().copied().collect()
-    }
-
     #[message(ctx)]
     pub async fn request_client_approval(
         &mut self,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use crate::{
     actors::{
         bootstrap::Bootstrapper, evm::EvmActor, flow_coordinator::FlowCoordinator,
-        operator_registry::OperatorRegistry, vault::Vault, vault_coordinator::VaultCoordinator,
+        operator_registry::OperatorRegistry, proposal_manager::ProposalManager, vault::Vault,
+        vault_coordinator::VaultCoordinator,
     },
     db,
 };
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ pub mod bootstrap;
 pub mod evm;
 pub mod flow_coordinator;
 pub mod operator_registry;
+pub mod proposal_manager;
 pub mod vault;
 pub mod vault_coordinator;
 
@@ -21,20 +23,21 @@ pub mod vault_coordinator;
 pub enum SpawnError {
     #[error("Failed to spawn Bootstrapper actor")]
     Bootstrapper(#[from] bootstrap::Error),
+
     #[error("Failed to spawn Vault actor")]
     Vault(#[from] vault::Error),
-    #[error("Failed to spawn VaultCoordinator actor")]
-    VaultCoordinator(#[from] vault_coordinator::Error),
 }
 
+/// Long-lived actors that are shared across all connections and handle global state and operations
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct GlobalActors {
     pub vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
-    pub vault_coordinator: ActorRef<VaultCoordinator>,
     pub bootstrapper: ActorRef<Bootstrapper>,
+    pub vault_coordinator: ActorRef<VaultCoordinator>,
     pub flow_coordinator: ActorRef<FlowCoordinator>,
     pub operator_registry: ActorRef<OperatorRegistry>,
     pub evm: ActorRef<EvmActor>,
+    pub proposal_manager: ActorRef<ProposalManager>,
     pub events: ActorRef<MessageBus>,
 }
 
@@ -44,22 +47,30 @@ impl GlobalActors {
     }
 
     pub async fn spawn(db: db::DatabasePool) -> Result<Self, SpawnError> {
-        let events = Self::spawn_message_bus();
+        let message_bus = Self::spawn_message_bus();
-        let vault = Vault::spawn(Vault::new(db.clone(), events.clone()).await?);
+        let key_holder = Vault::spawn(Vault::new(db.clone(), message_bus.clone()).await?);
-        let bootstrapper = Bootstrapper::spawn(Bootstrapper::new(&db, events.clone()).await?);
-        let vault_coordinator =
-            VaultCoordinator::spawn(VaultCoordinator::new(db.clone(), vault.clone()));
         let operator_registry = OperatorRegistry::spawn(OperatorRegistry::default());
+        let evm = EvmActor::spawn(EvmActor::new(key_holder.clone(), db.clone()));
+        let vault_coordinator = VaultCoordinator::spawn(VaultCoordinator::new(
+            db.clone(),
+            key_holder.clone(),
+        ));
         Ok(Self {
-            bootstrapper,
+            bootstrapper: Bootstrapper::spawn(Bootstrapper::new(&db).await?),
-            evm: EvmActor::spawn(EvmActor::new(vault.clone(), db.clone())),
+            proposal_manager: ProposalManager::spawn(ProposalManager::new(
-            vault,
+                db,
+                key_holder.clone(),
+                evm.clone(),
+                vault_coordinator.clone(),
+            )),
+            vault: key_holder,
             vault_coordinator,
             flow_coordinator: FlowCoordinator::spawn(FlowCoordinator::new(
                 operator_registry.clone(),
             )),
             operator_registry,
-            events,
+            events: message_bus,
+            evm,
         })
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/operator_registry.rs

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ impl Actor for OperatorRegistry {
 
     type Error = Infallible;
 
-    fn on_start(args: Self::Args, _: ActorRef<Self>) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Self, Self::Error>> {
+    async fn on_start(args: Self::Args, _: ActorRef<Self>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        std::future::ready(Ok(args))
+        Ok(args)
     }
 
     async fn on_link_died(

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/vault/mod.rs

@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@ use crate::{
     },
     db::{
         self,
-        custody::CustodyRecord,
         models::{self, RootKeyHistory, RootKeyHistoryId},
-        schema::{self},
+        schema,
     },
 };
-
 use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 
 use chrono::Utc;
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ use hmac::{KeyInit as _, Mac as _};
 use kameo::{Actor, Reply, actor::ActorRef, messages};
 use kameo_actors::message_bus::{MessageBus, Publish};
 use strum::{EnumDiscriminants, IntoDiscriminant};
-use tracing::{error, info, warn};
+use tracing::{error, info};
 
 pub mod events {
     #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
@@ -47,8 +45,6 @@ pub enum Error {
     Sealed,
     #[error("Invalid key provided")]
     InvalidKey,
-    #[error("Vault locked: too many failed unseal attempts")]
-    LockedOut,
 
     #[error("Requested aead entry not found")]
     NotFound,
@@ -62,14 +58,8 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Database transaction error: {0}")]
     DatabaseTransaction(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
 
-    #[error("Custody storage error: {0}")]
-    Custody(#[from] db::custody::Error),
-
     #[error("Broken database")]
     BrokenDatabase,
-
-    #[error("Integrity key version mismatch: envelope uses key {envelope:?}, current key is {current:?}")]
-    KeyVersionMismatch { envelope: RootKeyHistoryId, current: RootKeyHistoryId },
 }
 
 struct Unsealed {
@@ -89,8 +79,6 @@ enum State {
     Unsealed(Unsealed),
 }
 
-const MAX_UNSEAL_ATTEMPTS: u32 = 5;
-
 /// Manages vault root key and tracks current state of the vault (bootstrapped/unbootstrapped, sealed/unsealed).
 ///
 /// Provides API for encrypting and decrypting data using the vault root key.
@@ -100,10 +88,8 @@ pub struct Vault {
     db: db::DatabasePool,
     state: State,
     events: ActorRef<MessageBus>,
-    unseal_failures: u32,
 }
 
-#[messages]
 impl Vault {
     pub async fn new(db: db::DatabasePool, events: ActorRef<MessageBus>) -> Result<Self, Error> {
         let state = {
@@ -123,15 +109,10 @@ impl Vault {
             }
         };
 
-        Ok(Self {
+        Ok(Self { db, state, events })
-            db,
-            state,
-            events,
-            unseal_failures: 0,
-        })
     }
 
-    // Exclusive transaction to avoid race condtions if multiple vaults write
+    // Exclusive transaction to avoid race conditions if multiple vaults write
     // additional layer of protection against nonce-reuse
     async fn get_new_nonce(
         pool: &db::DatabasePool,
@@ -176,36 +157,37 @@ impl Vault {
             State::Sealed { .. } => Err(Error::Sealed),
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /// Create the root key and take the vault into the unsealed state.
+#[messages]
+impl Vault {
     #[message]
-    pub async fn bootstrap(
+    pub async fn bootstrap(&mut self, mut seal_key: KeyCell) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        &mut self,
+        if !matches!(&self.state, State::Unbootstrapped) {
-        mut seal_key: KeyCell,
-        custody: Option<CustodyRecord>,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        if !matches!(self.state, State::Unbootstrapped) {
             return Err(Error::AlreadyBootstrapped);
         }
+
         let mut root_key = KeyCell::new_secure_random();
 
         // Zero nonces are fine because they are one-time
         let root_key_nonce = Nonce::default();
         let data_encryption_nonce = Nonce::default();
 
-        let root_key_ciphertext: Vec<u8> = root_key.0.read_inline(|reader| {
+        // Generate salt (kept for schema compat)
-            let root_key_reader = reader.as_slice();
+        let root_key_salt = v1::generate_salt();
+
+        let root_key_ciphertext: Vec<u8> = root_key.0.read_inline(|rk| {
             seal_key
-                .encrypt(&root_key_nonce, v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG, root_key_reader)
+                .encrypt(&root_key_nonce, v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG, rk.as_slice())
                 .map_err(|err| {
                     error!(?err, "Fatal bootstrap error");
                     Error::Encryption(err)
                 })
         })?;
 
+        let data_encryption_nonce_bytes = data_encryption_nonce.to_vec();
         let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
 
-        let data_encryption_nonce_bytes = data_encryption_nonce.to_vec();
         let root_key_history_id = conn
             .transaction(async |conn| {
                 let root_key_history_id = insert_into(schema::root_key_history::table)
@@ -215,7 +197,7 @@ impl Vault {
                         root_key_encryption_nonce: root_key_nonce.to_vec(),
                         data_encryption_nonce: data_encryption_nonce_bytes.clone(),
                         schema_version: 1,
-                        salt: v1::generate_salt().to_vec(),
+                        salt: root_key_salt.to_vec(),
                     })
                     .returning(schema::root_key_history::id)
                     .get_result(&mut *conn)
@@ -226,11 +208,9 @@ impl Vault {
                     .execute(&mut *conn)
                     .await?;
 
-                if let Some(record) = custody.as_ref() {
+                Result::<_, diesel::result::Error>::Ok(RootKeyHistoryId::from_raw(
-                    db::custody::write_record(&mut *conn, record).await?;
+                    root_key_history_id,
-                }
+                ))
-
-                Result::<_, Error>::Ok(RootKeyHistoryId::from_raw(root_key_history_id))
             })
             .await?;
 
@@ -247,62 +227,46 @@ impl Vault {
 
     #[message]
     pub async fn try_unseal(&mut self, mut seal_key: KeyCell) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        if self.unseal_failures >= MAX_UNSEAL_ATTEMPTS {
-            return Err(Error::LockedOut);
-        }
-
         let State::Sealed {
             root_key_history_id,
         } = &self.state
         else {
             return Err(Error::NotBootstrapped);
         };
+        let root_key_history_id = *root_key_history_id;
 
-        // We don't want to hold connection while doing expensive KDF work
+        // We don't want to hold connection while doing expensive work
         let current_key = {
             let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
             schema::root_key_history::table
-                .filter(schema::root_key_history::id.eq(*root_key_history_id))
+                .filter(schema::root_key_history::id.eq(root_key_history_id))
                 .select(RootKeyHistory::as_select())
                 .first(&mut conn)
                 .await?
         };
 
-        let mut root_key = SafeCell::new(current_key.ciphertext.clone());
-
         let nonce =
             Nonce::try_from(current_key.root_key_encryption_nonce.as_slice()).map_err(|()| {
                 error!("Broken database: invalid nonce for root key");
                 Error::BrokenDatabase
             })?;
 
-        if seal_key
+        let mut root_key_bytes = SafeCell::new(current_key.ciphertext.clone());
-            .decrypt_in_place(&nonce, v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG, &mut root_key)
+        seal_key
-            .is_err()
+            .decrypt_in_place(&nonce, v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG, &mut root_key_bytes)
-        {
+            .map_err(|err| {
-            self.unseal_failures += 1;
+                error!(?err, "Failed to unseal root key: invalid seal key");
-            if self.unseal_failures >= MAX_UNSEAL_ATTEMPTS {
+                Error::InvalidKey
-                error!(
+            })?;
-                    attempts = self.unseal_failures,
+
-                    "Vault locked: maximum failed unseal attempts reached"
+        let root_key = KeyCell::try_from(root_key_bytes).map_err(|()| {
-                );
+            error!("Broken database: invalid encryption key size");
-            } else {
+            Error::BrokenDatabase
-                warn!(
+        })?;
-                    attempts = self.unseal_failures,
-                    remaining = MAX_UNSEAL_ATTEMPTS - self.unseal_failures,
-                    "Failed unseal attempt"
-                );
-            }
-            return Err(Error::InvalidKey);
-        }
 
-        self.unseal_failures = 0;
         self.state = State::Unsealed(Unsealed {
             root_key_history_id: current_key.id,
-            root_key: KeyCell::try_from(root_key).map_err(|err| {
+            root_key,
-                error!(?err, "Broken database: invalid encryption key size");
-                Error::BrokenDatabase
-            })?,
         });
 
         info!("Vault unsealed successfully");
@@ -311,10 +275,79 @@ impl Vault {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Decrypts an AEAD entry. The `aad` must match the value used at encryption time;
+    /// Re-encrypts the root key with `new_seal_key` and records a new root_key_history row.
-    /// a mismatch causes authentication failure, preventing cross-wallet key swaps.
+    /// Called after a Shamir re-key so the old seal key is no longer sufficient to unseal.
     #[message]
-    pub async fn decrypt(&mut self, aead_id: i32, aad: Vec<u8>) -> Result<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, Error> {
+    pub async fn rekey_root_key(&mut self, mut new_seal_key: KeyCell) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let Unsealed {
+            root_key,
+            root_key_history_id,
+        } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
+
+        let new_nonce = Nonce::default();
+        let new_salt = v1::generate_salt();
+
+        let new_ciphertext: Vec<u8> = root_key.0.read_inline(|rk| {
+            new_seal_key
+                .encrypt(&new_nonce, v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG, rk.as_slice())
+                .map_err(|err| {
+                    error!(?err, "Fatal rekey error");
+                    Error::Encryption(err)
+                })
+        })?;
+
+        let data_encryption_nonce = Nonce::default();
+
+        let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
+        let new_root_key_history_id: i32 = conn
+            .transaction(async |conn| {
+                let new_id = insert_into(schema::root_key_history::table)
+                    .values(&models::NewRootKeyHistory {
+                        ciphertext: new_ciphertext,
+                        tag: v1::ROOT_KEY_TAG.to_vec(),
+                        root_key_encryption_nonce: new_nonce.to_vec(),
+                        data_encryption_nonce: data_encryption_nonce.to_vec(),
+                        schema_version: 1,
+                        salt: new_salt.to_vec(),
+                    })
+                    .returning(schema::root_key_history::id)
+                    .get_result::<i32>(&mut *conn)
+                    .await?;
+
+                update(schema::arbiter_settings::table)
+                    .set(schema::arbiter_settings::root_key_id.eq(new_id))
+                    .execute(&mut *conn)
+                    .await?;
+
+                Result::<_, diesel::result::Error>::Ok(new_id)
+            })
+            .await?;
+
+        *root_key_history_id = RootKeyHistoryId::from_raw(new_root_key_history_id);
+        info!("Vault root key rekeyed successfully");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn seal(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let Unsealed {
+            root_key_history_id,
+            ..
+        } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
+
+        self.state = State::Sealed {
+            root_key_history_id: *root_key_history_id,
+        };
+        let _ = self.events.tell(Publish(events::VaultResealed)).await;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// Server-side cryptographic operations
+#[messages]
+impl Vault {
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn decrypt(&mut self, aead_id: i32) -> Result<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, Error> {
         let Unsealed { root_key, .. } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
 
         let row: models::AeadEncrypted = {
@@ -336,15 +369,13 @@ impl Vault {
             Error::BrokenDatabase
         })?;
         let mut output = SafeCell::new(row.ciphertext);
-        root_key.decrypt_in_place(&nonce, &aad, &mut output)?;
+        root_key.decrypt_in_place(&nonce, v1::TAG, &mut output)?;
         Ok(output)
     }
 
-    /// Creates a new `aead_encrypted` entry and returns its ID.
-    /// The `aad` is bound into the ciphertext and must be reproduced exactly at decryption time.
     // Creates new `aead_encrypted` entry in the database and returns it's ID
     #[message]
-    pub async fn create_new(&mut self, mut plaintext: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, aad: Vec<u8>) -> Result<i32, Error> {
+    pub async fn create_new(&mut self, mut plaintext: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) -> Result<i32, Error> {
         let Unsealed {
             root_key,
             root_key_history_id,
@@ -356,7 +387,7 @@ impl Vault {
 
         let mut ciphertext_buffer = plaintext.write();
         let ciphertext_buffer: &mut Vec<u8> = ciphertext_buffer.as_mut();
-        root_key.encrypt_in_place(&nonce, &aad, &mut *ciphertext_buffer)?;
+        root_key.encrypt_in_place(&nonce, v1::TAG, &mut *ciphertext_buffer)?;
 
         let ciphertext = std::mem::take(ciphertext_buffer);
 
@@ -416,10 +447,7 @@ impl Vault {
         } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
 
         if *root_key_history_id != key_version {
-            return Err(Error::KeyVersionMismatch {
+            return Ok(false);
-                envelope: key_version,
-                current: *root_key_history_id,
-            });
         }
 
         let mut hmac = root_key.0.read_inline(|k| {
@@ -431,25 +459,12 @@ impl Vault {
 
         Ok(hmac.verify_slice(&expected_mac).is_ok())
     }
-
-    #[message]
-    pub async fn seal(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let Unsealed {
-            root_key_history_id,
-            ..
-        } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
-
-        self.state = State::Sealed {
-            root_key_history_id: *root_key_history_id,
-        };
-        let _ = self.events.tell(Publish(events::VaultResealed)).await;
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use crate::actors::GlobalActors;
+    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::SafeCellHandle as _;
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -457,8 +472,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        let seal_key = KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]);
+        actor.bootstrap(KeyCell::from([0u8; 32])).await.unwrap();
-        actor.bootstrap(seal_key, None).await.unwrap();
         actor
     }
 
@@ -467,13 +481,12 @@ mod tests {
     async fn nonce_monotonic_even_when_nonce_allocation_interleaves() {
         let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
         let mut actor = bootstrapped_actor(&db).await;
-
         let State::Unsealed(Unsealed {
             root_key_history_id,
             ..
         }) = actor.state
         else {
-            panic!("expected unsealed state")
+            panic!("expected unsealed state");
         };
 
         let n1 = Vault::get_new_nonce(&db, root_key_history_id)
@@ -493,7 +506,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(root_row.data_encryption_nonce, n2.to_vec());
 
         let id = actor
-            .create_new(SafeCell::new(b"post-interleave".to_vec()), b"test-aad".to_vec())
+            .create_new(SafeCell::new(b"post-interleave".to_vec()))
             .await
             .unwrap();
         let row: models::AeadEncrypted = schema::aead_encrypted::table

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/vault_coordinator/mod.rs

@@ -1,107 +1,75 @@
-//! Coordinates the multi-operator ceremonies that create and open the vault.
+use std::collections::HashMap;
-//!
-//! The coordinator collects one passphrase per committee member, then hands the
-//! assembled material to [`Vault`] in a single message. It owns no Diesel code:
-//! everything it reads or writes goes through the [`db::custody`] functions.
 
 use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
-use argon2::RECOMMENDED_SALT_LEN;
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl};
-use kameo::{Actor, actor::ActorRef, error::SendError, messages};
+use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
-use rand::rngs::SysRng;
+use kameo::{Actor, actor::ActorRef, messages};
-use rand_core::{Rng as _, UnwrapErr};
+use rand_core::{OsRng, RngCore as _};
+use tracing::error;
 
 use crate::{
-    actors::vault::{self, Bootstrap, TryUnseal, Vault},
+    actors::vault::{Bootstrap, RekeyRootKey, TryUnseal, Vault},
-    crypto::{KeyCell, derive_key, encryption::v1::Nonce, shamir},
+    crypto::{KeyCell, derive_key, encryption::v1::Nonce, shamir, shamir::shamir_threshold},
-    db::{
+    db::{self, models, schema},
-        self,
-        custody::{CustodyRecord, EncryptedShare},
-        models::OperatorId,
-    },
 };
 
-const SHARE_AAD: &[u8] = b"arbiter/shamir-share/v1";
-
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum Error {
-    #[error("An ordinary committee is already being coordinated")]
+    #[error("Already coordinating a bootstrap")]
     AlreadyBootstrapping,
-    #[error("An unseal is already being coordinated")]
+    #[error("Already coordinating an unseal")]
     AlreadyUnsealing,
-    #[error("Bootstrap is not in progress")]
+    #[error("Rekey not in progress")]
+    NotRekeying,
+    #[error("Bootstrap not in progress")]
     NotBootstrapping,
-    #[error("The operator already contributed")]
+    #[error("Unseal not in progress")]
+    NotUnsealing,
+    #[error("Operator already contributed")]
     DuplicateContribution,
-    #[error("The ordinary committee cannot be empty")]
+    #[error("Operator not found in database")]
-    EmptyCommittee,
+    OperatorNotFound,
-    #[error("Two-operator committees are unsupported")]
+    #[error("Invalid passphrase (decryption failed)")]
-    UnsupportedCommittee,
-    #[error(
-        "The ordinary committee cannot exceed {} members",
-        shamir::MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE
-    )]
-    CommitteeTooLarge,
-    #[error("Invalid passphrase")]
     InvalidPassphrase,
-    #[error("Broken database")]
-    BrokenDatabase,
     #[error("Shamir error: {0}")]
     Shamir(String),
     #[error("Database connection error: {0}")]
     DatabaseConnection(#[from] db::PoolError),
-    #[error("Custody storage error: {0}")]
+    #[error("Database query error: {0}")]
-    Custody(#[from] db::custody::Error),
+    DatabaseQuery(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
     #[error("Encryption error")]
     Encryption,
-    #[error("The vault is already bootstrapped")]
-    AlreadyBootstrapped,
     #[error("Vault error")]
-    Vault,
+    VaultError,
-}
+    #[error("Two-operator vaults require at least one recovery share")]
-
+    TwoOperatorsRequireRecovery,
-/// Passphrases gathered so far, in contribution order.
+    #[error("Broken database")]
-///
+    BrokenDatabase,
-/// A `Vec` rather than a map because [`SafeCell`] values are neither cloneable
-/// nor hashable, and a committee holds at most
-/// [`shamir::MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE`] of them.
-#[derive(Default)]
-struct Contributions(Vec<(OperatorId, SafeCell<Vec<u8>>)>);
-
-impl Contributions {
-    fn contains(&self, operator_id: OperatorId) -> bool {
-        self.0.iter().any(|(id, _)| *id == operator_id)
-    }
-
-    fn put(&mut self, operator_id: OperatorId, passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) {
-        match self.0.iter_mut().find(|(id, _)| *id == operator_id) {
-            Some(slot) => slot.1 = passphrase,
-            None => self.0.push((operator_id, passphrase)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    const fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.0.len()
-    }
-
-    fn operators(&self) -> Vec<OperatorId> {
-        self.0.iter().map(|(id, _)| *id).collect()
-    }
 }
 
+// Passphrases stored as plain Vec<u8> (not SafeCell) so CoordinatorState is Sync.
+// They are ephemeral and dropped immediately after use.
 enum CoordinatorState {
     Idle,
     Bootstrapping {
-        /// The operator that declared the committee. Only they may re-declare
-        /// it, which is the way out of a ceremony the others never finish.
-        declarer: OperatorId,
         declared_count: usize,
-        contributions: Contributions,
+        recovery_count: usize,
-        retryable: bool,
+        passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
+        recovery_passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
     },
     Unsealing {
         threshold: usize,
-        contributions: Contributions,
+        ordinary_passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
-        retryable: bool,
+        recovery_passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
+    },
+    /// Shamir re-key after `replace_operator` or `update_shamir_parameters` is approved (§3.3).
+    /// Collects new passphrases from all current operators, then generates a fresh seal key,
+    /// re-splits it, and re-encrypts the vault root key.
+    Rekeying {
+        ordinary_count: usize,
+        recovery_count: usize,
+        passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
+        recovery_passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
     },
 }
 
@@ -122,257 +90,632 @@ impl VaultCoordinator {
     }
 }
 
-/// Explain why a committee size was rejected.
+const SHARE_AAD: &[u8] = b"arbiter/shamir-share/v1";
-const fn committee_error(declared_count: usize) -> Error {
-    match declared_count {
-        0 => Error::EmptyCommittee,
-        2 => Error::UnsupportedCommittee,
-        _ => Error::CommitteeTooLarge,
-    }
-}
 
 fn encrypt_share(
-    passphrase: &mut SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+    passphrase_bytes: Vec<u8>,
     share: &[u8],
-) -> Result<EncryptedShare, Error> {
+) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>), Error> {
-    let mut salt = [0u8; RECOMMENDED_SALT_LEN];
+    let mut share_salt = vec![0u8; 32];
-    UnwrapErr(SysRng).fill_bytes(&mut salt);
+    OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut share_salt);
+
+    let mut passphrase_cell = SafeCell::new(passphrase_bytes);
+    let mut share_seal_key = derive_key(&mut passphrase_cell, &share_salt);
 
     let nonce = Nonce::default();
-    let ciphertext = derive_key(passphrase, &salt)
+    let encrypted_share = share_seal_key
         .encrypt(&nonce, SHARE_AAD, share)
         .map_err(|_| Error::Encryption)?;
 
-    Ok(EncryptedShare {
+    Ok((encrypted_share, nonce.to_vec(), share_salt))
-        ciphertext,
-        nonce: nonce.to_vec(),
-        salt: salt.to_vec(),
-    })
 }
 
 fn decrypt_share(
-    passphrase: &mut SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+    passphrase_bytes: Vec<u8>,
-    share: EncryptedShare,
+    encrypted_share: Vec<u8>,
-) -> Result<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, Error> {
+    share_nonce_bytes: &[u8],
-    let nonce = Nonce::try_from(share.nonce.as_slice()).map_err(|()| Error::BrokenDatabase)?;
+    share_salt: &[u8],
+    operator_id: i32,
+) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
+    let nonce = Nonce::try_from(share_nonce_bytes).map_err(|()| {
+        error!(operator_id, "Invalid nonce in DB");
+        Error::BrokenDatabase
+    })?;
 
-    let mut buffer = SafeCell::new(share.ciphertext);
+    let mut passphrase_cell = SafeCell::new(passphrase_bytes);
-    derive_key(passphrase, &share.salt)
+    let mut share_seal_key = derive_key(&mut passphrase_cell, share_salt);
-        .decrypt_in_place(&nonce, SHARE_AAD, &mut buffer)
+
+    let mut share_buffer = SafeCell::new(encrypted_share);
+    share_seal_key
+        .decrypt_in_place(&nonce, SHARE_AAD, &mut share_buffer)
         .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidPassphrase)?;
 
-    Ok(buffer)
+    Ok(share_buffer.read().clone())
 }
 
-const fn bootstrap_error(error: &SendError<Bootstrap, vault::Error>) -> Error {
+/// §3.4: Split the seal key across ordinary + recovery operators.
-    match error {
+/// Threshold = `shamir_threshold(ordinary_count)`; total shares = ordinary + recovery.
-        SendError::HandlerError(vault::Error::AlreadyBootstrapped) => Error::AlreadyBootstrapped,
+/// When `ordinary_count` == 1 (threshold = 1), vsss-rs does not support a proper split,
-        _ => Error::Vault,
+/// so each share is the seal key itself — any single participant can reconstruct.
-    }
-}
-
-/// Build the custody record and hand it to the vault, which stores it in the
-/// same transaction as the root key.
 async fn finalize_bootstrap(
-    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
+    db: db::DatabasePool,
-    contributions: &mut Contributions,
+    vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+    ordinary_passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
+    recovery_passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
 ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-    let total = contributions.len();
+    let ordinary_count = ordinary_passphrases.len();
-    let threshold = shamir::shamir_threshold(total).ok_or_else(|| committee_error(total))?;
+    let recovery_count = recovery_passphrases.len();
+    let total = ordinary_count + recovery_count;
+    let threshold = shamir_threshold(ordinary_count);
 
-    let mut seal_key = KeyCell::new_secure_random();
+    let mut seal_key_bytes = [0u8; 32];
-    let mut shares = shamir::split_key(threshold, total, &mut seal_key, UnwrapErr(SysRng))
+    OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut seal_key_bytes);
-        .map_err(|error| Error::Shamir(error.to_string()))?;
 
-    if shares.len() < total {
+    // threshold == 1 means any single share reconstructs the key (degenerate split).
-        return Err(Error::Shamir("missing share for operator".to_owned()));
+    // vsss-rs requires threshold >= 2, so we store the key directly in this case.
-    }
+    let shares: Vec<Vec<u8>> = if threshold >= 2 {
-
+        shamir::split_key(threshold, total, &seal_key_bytes, OsRng)
-    let mut encrypted = Vec::with_capacity(total);
+            .map_err(|e| Error::Shamir(e.to_string()))?
-    for ((operator_id, passphrase), share) in contributions.0.iter_mut().zip(shares.iter_mut()) {
+    } else {
-        let share = share.read_inline(|share| encrypt_share(passphrase, share))?;
+        std::iter::repeat_with(|| seal_key_bytes.to_vec()).take(total).collect()
-        encrypted.push((*operator_id, share));
-    }
-
-    vault
-        .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key,
-            custody: Some(CustodyRecord {
-                threshold,
-                shares: encrypted,
-            }),
-        })
-        .await
-        .map_err(|error| bootstrap_error(&error))
-}
-
-/// Reconstruct the seal key from the contributed passphrases and unseal.
-async fn finalize_unseal(
-    db: &db::DatabasePool,
-    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
-    threshold: usize,
-    contributions: &mut Contributions,
-) -> Result<(), Error> {
-    let stored = {
-        let mut conn = db.get().await?;
-        db::custody::shares(&mut conn, &contributions.operators()).await?
     };
 
-    let mut plaintext = Vec::with_capacity(stored.len());
+    let seal_key = KeyCell::from(seal_key_bytes);
-    for ((_, passphrase), share) in contributions.0.iter_mut().zip(stored) {
+
-        plaintext.push(decrypt_share(passphrase, share)?);
+    let mut conn = db.get().await?;
+    let mut shares_iter = shares.into_iter();
+
+    for (operator_id_raw, passphrase_bytes) in ordinary_passphrases {
+        let share = shares_iter
+            .next()
+            .expect("split_key returned enough shares");
+        let (encrypted_share, nonce_bytes, share_salt) = encrypt_share(passphrase_bytes, &share)?;
+
+        diesel::replace_into(schema::operator::table)
+            .values((
+                schema::operator::id.eq(Some(operator_id_raw)),
+                schema::operator::share.eq(&encrypted_share),
+                schema::operator::share_nonce.eq(&nonce_bytes),
+                schema::operator::share_salt.eq(&share_salt),
+                schema::operator::created_at.eq(models::SqliteTimestamp::now()),
+                schema::operator::updated_at.eq(models::SqliteTimestamp::now()),
+            ))
+            .execute(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
     }
 
-    let seal_key = shamir::combine_shares(threshold, &mut plaintext)
+    for (recovery_id_raw, passphrase_bytes) in recovery_passphrases {
-        .map_err(|error| Error::Shamir(error.to_string()))?;
+        let share = shares_iter
+            .next()
+            .expect("split_key returned enough shares");
+        let (encrypted_share, nonce_bytes, share_salt) = encrypt_share(passphrase_bytes, &share)?;
 
+        diesel::replace_into(schema::recovery_operator::table)
+            .values((
+                schema::recovery_operator::id.eq(recovery_id_raw),
+                schema::recovery_operator::share.eq(&encrypted_share),
+                schema::recovery_operator::share_nonce.eq(&nonce_bytes),
+                schema::recovery_operator::share_salt.eq(&share_salt),
+                schema::recovery_operator::created_at.eq(models::SqliteTimestamp::now()),
+                schema::recovery_operator::updated_at.eq(models::SqliteTimestamp::now()),
+            ))
+            .execute(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+    }
+
+    vault.ask(Bootstrap { seal_key }).await.map_err(|err| {
+        error!(?err, "Vault bootstrap failed");
+        Error::VaultError
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// §3.5: Unseal using any threshold-sized mix of ordinary + recovery shares.
+async fn finalize_unseal(
+    db: db::DatabasePool,
+    vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+    ordinary_passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
+    recovery_passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let mut conn = db.get().await?;
+
+    // Determine whether shares were stored as raw keys (threshold=1) or vsss-rs splits (threshold>=2).
+    let ordinary_operator_count: i64 = schema::operator::table
+        .count()
+        .get_result(&mut conn)
+        .await?;
+    let threshold = shamir_threshold(ordinary_operator_count as usize);
+
+    let mut shares: Vec<Vec<u8>> = Vec::new();
+
+    for (operator_id_raw, passphrase_bytes) in ordinary_passphrases {
+        let (encrypted_share, share_nonce_bytes, share_salt): (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>) =
+            schema::operator::table
+                .filter(schema::operator::id.eq(Some(operator_id_raw)))
+                .select((
+                    schema::operator::share,
+                    schema::operator::share_nonce,
+                    schema::operator::share_salt,
+                ))
+                .first(&mut conn)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|_| Error::OperatorNotFound)?;
+
+        shares.push(decrypt_share(
+            passphrase_bytes,
+            encrypted_share,
+            &share_nonce_bytes,
+            &share_salt,
+            operator_id_raw,
+        )?);
+    }
+
+    for (recovery_id_raw, passphrase_bytes) in recovery_passphrases {
+        let (encrypted_share, share_nonce_bytes, share_salt): (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>) =
+            schema::recovery_operator::table
+                .find(recovery_id_raw)
+                .select((
+                    schema::recovery_operator::share,
+                    schema::recovery_operator::share_nonce,
+                    schema::recovery_operator::share_salt,
+                ))
+                .first(&mut conn)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|_| Error::OperatorNotFound)?;
+
+        shares.push(decrypt_share(
+            passphrase_bytes,
+            encrypted_share,
+            &share_nonce_bytes,
+            &share_salt,
+            recovery_id_raw,
+        )?);
+    }
+
+    // When threshold==1, shares are raw 32-byte seal keys (vsss-rs cannot split 1-of-N).
+    // Any single decrypted share is the key itself.
+    let seal_key_bytes: [u8; 32] = if threshold <= 1 {
+        let raw = shares
+            .into_iter()
+            .next()
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::Shamir("No shares available".into()))?;
+        raw.try_into()
+            .map_err(|_| Error::Shamir("Invalid share length".into()))?
+    } else {
+        shamir::combine_shares(&shares).map_err(|e| Error::Shamir(e.to_string()))?
+    };
+
+    let seal_key = KeyCell::from(seal_key_bytes);
+
+    vault.ask(TryUnseal { seal_key }).await.map_err(|err| {
+        error!(?err, "Vault unseal failed");
+        Error::VaultError
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// §3.3: Generate a fresh seal key, split across current operators, re-encrypt the vault root key.
+/// Called after `replace_operator` or `update_shamir_parameters` is approved and all contributors submit.
+async fn finalize_rekey(
+    db: db::DatabasePool,
+    vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+    ordinary_passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
+    recovery_passphrases: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>>,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let ordinary_count = ordinary_passphrases.len();
+    let recovery_count = recovery_passphrases.len();
+    let total = ordinary_count + recovery_count;
+    let threshold = shamir_threshold(ordinary_count);
+
+    let mut new_seal_key_bytes = [0u8; 32];
+    OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut new_seal_key_bytes);
+
+    let shares: Vec<Vec<u8>> = if threshold >= 2 {
+        shamir::split_key(threshold, total, &new_seal_key_bytes, OsRng)
+            .map_err(|e| Error::Shamir(e.to_string()))?
+    } else {
+        std::iter::repeat_with(|| new_seal_key_bytes.to_vec())
+            .take(total)
+            .collect()
+    };
+
+    let mut conn = db.get().await?;
+    let mut shares_iter = shares.into_iter();
+
+    for (operator_id_raw, passphrase_bytes) in ordinary_passphrases {
+        let share = shares_iter
+            .next()
+            .expect("split_key returned enough shares");
+        let (encrypted_share, nonce_bytes, share_salt) = encrypt_share(passphrase_bytes, &share)?;
+
+        diesel::replace_into(schema::operator::table)
+            .values((
+                schema::operator::id.eq(Some(operator_id_raw)),
+                schema::operator::share.eq(&encrypted_share),
+                schema::operator::share_nonce.eq(&nonce_bytes),
+                schema::operator::share_salt.eq(&share_salt),
+                schema::operator::created_at.eq(models::SqliteTimestamp::now()),
+                schema::operator::updated_at.eq(models::SqliteTimestamp::now()),
+            ))
+            .execute(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+    }
+
+    for (recovery_id_raw, passphrase_bytes) in recovery_passphrases {
+        let share = shares_iter
+            .next()
+            .expect("split_key returned enough shares");
+        let (encrypted_share, nonce_bytes, share_salt) = encrypt_share(passphrase_bytes, &share)?;
+
+        diesel::replace_into(schema::recovery_operator::table)
+            .values((
+                schema::recovery_operator::id.eq(recovery_id_raw),
+                schema::recovery_operator::share.eq(&encrypted_share),
+                schema::recovery_operator::share_nonce.eq(&nonce_bytes),
+                schema::recovery_operator::share_salt.eq(&share_salt),
+                schema::recovery_operator::created_at.eq(models::SqliteTimestamp::now()),
+                schema::recovery_operator::updated_at.eq(models::SqliteTimestamp::now()),
+            ))
+            .execute(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+    }
+
+    drop(conn);
+
+    let new_seal_key = KeyCell::from(new_seal_key_bytes);
     vault
-        .ask(TryUnseal { seal_key })
+        .ask(RekeyRootKey { new_seal_key })
         .await
-        .map_err(|_| Error::Vault)
+        .map_err(|err| {
+            error!(?err, "Vault rekey failed");
+            Error::VaultError
+        })?;
+
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 #[messages]
 impl VaultCoordinator {
-    /// Announce how many operators will contribute to the bootstrap.
+    /// Phase 1 of multi-operator bootstrap: declare the committee size.
-    ///
-    /// The declaring operator may re-declare to restart the ceremony; that is
-    /// the only way to release a committee whose members never all show up.
     #[message]
-    pub fn start_bootstrap(
+    #[expect(clippy::unused_async, reason = "kameo requires messages to be async")]
+    pub async fn start_bootstrap(
         &mut self,
-        operator_id: OperatorId,
+        operator_id: i32,
         declared_count: usize,
+        recovery_count: usize,
     ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        if shamir::shamir_threshold(declared_count).is_none() {
+        let _ = operator_id; // fixme!: any authenticated operator may announce the committee size. the first call wins
-            return Err(committee_error(declared_count));
+        if !matches!(self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle) {
+            return Err(Error::AlreadyBootstrapping);
         }
-
+        if declared_count == 2 && recovery_count == 0 {
-        match &self.state {
+            return Err(Error::TwoOperatorsRequireRecovery);
-            CoordinatorState::Unsealing { .. } => return Err(Error::AlreadyUnsealing),
-            CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping { declarer, .. } if *declarer != operator_id => {
-                return Err(Error::AlreadyBootstrapping);
-            }
-            CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping { .. } | CoordinatorState::Idle => {}
         }
-
         self.state = CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping {
-            declarer: operator_id,
             declared_count,
-            contributions: Contributions::default(),
+            recovery_count,
-            retryable: false,
+            passphrases: HashMap::new(),
+            recovery_passphrases: HashMap::new(),
         };
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Phase 2 of multi-operator bootstrap: ordinary operator contributes a passphrase.
+    /// Returns Ok(true) when all ordinary + recovery operators contributed and bootstrap finalized.
     #[message]
     pub async fn contribute_bootstrap(
         &mut self,
-        operator_id: OperatorId,
+        operator_id: i32,
-        passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+        mut passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
     ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
         let CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping {
             declared_count,
-            contributions,
+            recovery_count,
-            retryable,
+            passphrases,
-            ..
+            recovery_passphrases,
         } = &mut self.state
         else {
             return Err(Error::NotBootstrapping);
         };
 
-        if contributions.contains(operator_id) && !*retryable {
+        if passphrases.contains_key(&operator_id) {
             return Err(Error::DuplicateContribution);
         }
-        contributions.put(operator_id, passphrase);
-        *retryable = false;
 
-        if contributions.len() < *declared_count {
+        let passphrase_bytes = passphrase.read().to_vec();
+        passphrases.insert(operator_id, passphrase_bytes);
+
+        if passphrases.len() < *declared_count || recovery_passphrases.len() < *recovery_count {
             return Ok(false);
         }
 
-        let state = std::mem::replace(&mut self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle);
         let CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping {
-            declarer,
+            passphrases,
-            declared_count,
+            recovery_passphrases,
-            mut contributions,
             ..
-        } = state
+        } = std::mem::replace(&mut self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle)
         else {
-            unreachable!("state was matched as Bootstrapping above")
+            unreachable!()
         };
 
-        match finalize_bootstrap(&self.vault, &mut contributions).await {
+        finalize_bootstrap(
-            Ok(()) => Ok(true),
+            self.db.clone(),
-            Err(error) => {
+            self.vault.clone(),
-                self.state = CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping {
+            passphrases,
-                    declarer,
+            recovery_passphrases,
-                    declared_count,
+        )
-                    contributions,
+        .await?;
-                    retryable: true,
+        Ok(true)
-                };
-                Err(error)
-            }
-        }
     }
 
+    /// Phase 2 of multi-operator bootstrap: recovery operator contributes a passphrase.
+    /// Returns Ok(true) when all contributors are in and bootstrap finalized.
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn contribute_recovery_bootstrap(
+        &mut self,
+        recovery_operator_id: i32,
+        mut passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping {
+            declared_count,
+            recovery_count,
+            passphrases,
+            recovery_passphrases,
+        } = &mut self.state
+        else {
+            return Err(Error::NotBootstrapping);
+        };
+
+        if recovery_passphrases.contains_key(&recovery_operator_id) {
+            return Err(Error::DuplicateContribution);
+        }
+
+        let passphrase_bytes = passphrase.read().to_vec();
+        recovery_passphrases.insert(recovery_operator_id, passphrase_bytes);
+
+        if passphrases.len() < *declared_count || recovery_passphrases.len() < *recovery_count {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+
+        let CoordinatorState::Bootstrapping {
+            passphrases,
+            recovery_passphrases,
+            ..
+        } = std::mem::replace(&mut self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle)
+        else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+
+        finalize_bootstrap(
+            self.db.clone(),
+            self.vault.clone(),
+            passphrases,
+            recovery_passphrases,
+        )
+        .await?;
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    /// Contribute a passphrase for vault unseal (ordinary operator).
+    /// Returns Ok(true) when threshold reached and vault is unsealed.
     #[message]
     pub async fn contribute_unseal(
         &mut self,
-        operator_id: OperatorId,
+        operator_id: i32,
-        passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+        mut passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
     ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
-        if matches!(self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle) {
+        self.ensure_unsealing_state().await?;
-            let threshold = {
-                let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
-                db::custody::threshold(&mut conn).await?
-            };
-            self.state = CoordinatorState::Unsealing {
-                threshold,
-                contributions: Contributions::default(),
-                retryable: false,
-            };
-        }
 
         let CoordinatorState::Unsealing {
             threshold,
-            contributions,
+            ordinary_passphrases,
-            retryable,
+            recovery_passphrases,
         } = &mut self.state
         else {
-            return Err(Error::AlreadyBootstrapping);
+            return Err(Error::NotUnsealing);
         };
 
-        if contributions.contains(operator_id) && !*retryable {
+        if ordinary_passphrases.contains_key(&operator_id) {
             return Err(Error::DuplicateContribution);
         }
-        contributions.put(operator_id, passphrase);
-        *retryable = false;
 
-        if contributions.len() < *threshold {
+        let passphrase_bytes = passphrase.read().to_vec();
+        ordinary_passphrases.insert(operator_id, passphrase_bytes);
+
+        if ordinary_passphrases.len() + recovery_passphrases.len() < *threshold {
             return Ok(false);
         }
 
-        let state = std::mem::replace(&mut self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle);
+        self.do_finalize_unseal().await
+    }
+
+    /// Contribute a passphrase for vault unseal (recovery operator, §3.5).
+    /// Recovery operators may contribute during unseal when recovery is active.
+    /// Returns Ok(true) when threshold reached and vault is unsealed.
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn contribute_recovery_unseal(
+        &mut self,
+        recovery_operator_id: i32,
+        mut passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        self.ensure_unsealing_state().await?;
+
         let CoordinatorState::Unsealing {
             threshold,
-            mut contributions,
+            ordinary_passphrases,
-            ..
+            recovery_passphrases,
-        } = state
+        } = &mut self.state
         else {
-            unreachable!("state was matched as Unsealing above")
+            return Err(Error::NotUnsealing);
         };
 
-        match finalize_unseal(&self.db, &self.vault, threshold, &mut contributions).await {
+        if recovery_passphrases.contains_key(&recovery_operator_id) {
-            Ok(()) => Ok(true),
+            return Err(Error::DuplicateContribution);
-            Err(error) => {
-                self.state = CoordinatorState::Unsealing {
-                    threshold,
-                    contributions,
-                    retryable: true,
-                };
-                Err(error)
-            }
         }
+
+        let passphrase_bytes = passphrase.read().to_vec();
+        recovery_passphrases.insert(recovery_operator_id, passphrase_bytes);
+
+        if ordinary_passphrases.len() + recovery_passphrases.len() < *threshold {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+
+        self.do_finalize_unseal().await
+    }
+}
+
+impl VaultCoordinator {
+    /// Initializes `CoordinatorState::Unsealing` on first call if still `Idle`.
+    /// Threshold is based on ordinary operator count only (§3.4).
+    async fn ensure_unsealing_state(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        if matches!(self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle) {
+            let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
+            let ordinary_count: i64 = schema::operator::table
+                .count()
+                .get_result(&mut conn)
+                .await?;
+            let threshold = shamir_threshold(usize::try_from(ordinary_count).unwrap_or_default());
+            self.state = CoordinatorState::Unsealing {
+                threshold,
+                ordinary_passphrases: HashMap::new(),
+                recovery_passphrases: HashMap::new(),
+            };
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Moves state back to Idle and calls finalize_unseal.
+    async fn do_finalize_unseal(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let CoordinatorState::Unsealing {
+            ordinary_passphrases,
+            recovery_passphrases,
+            ..
+        } = std::mem::replace(&mut self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle)
+        else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+
+        finalize_unseal(
+            self.db.clone(),
+            self.vault.clone(),
+            ordinary_passphrases,
+            recovery_passphrases,
+        )
+        .await?;
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    async fn do_finalize_rekey(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let CoordinatorState::Rekeying {
+            passphrases,
+            recovery_passphrases,
+            ..
+        } = std::mem::replace(&mut self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle)
+        else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+
+        finalize_rekey(
+            self.db.clone(),
+            self.vault.clone(),
+            passphrases,
+            recovery_passphrases,
+        )
+        .await?;
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+}
+
+#[messages]
+impl VaultCoordinator {
+    /// Begin Shamir re-key after a key-rotation proposal is approved (§3.3).
+    /// Queries the current operator and recovery operator counts from the DB,
+    /// then transitions to Rekeying state awaiting contributions from all of them.
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn start_rekey(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        if !matches!(self.state, CoordinatorState::Idle) {
+            return Err(Error::AlreadyBootstrapping);
+        }
+        let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
+        let ordinary_count: i64 = schema::operator_identity::table
+            .count()
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+        let recovery_count: i64 = schema::recovery_operator_identity::table
+            .count()
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+        self.state = CoordinatorState::Rekeying {
+            ordinary_count: ordinary_count as usize,
+            recovery_count: recovery_count as usize,
+            passphrases: HashMap::new(),
+            recovery_passphrases: HashMap::new(),
+        };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Contribute an ordinary operator passphrase for the re-key.
+    /// Returns Ok(true) when all contributors have submitted and the re-key is complete.
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn contribute_rekey(
+        &mut self,
+        operator_id: i32,
+        mut passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let CoordinatorState::Rekeying {
+            ordinary_count,
+            recovery_count,
+            passphrases,
+            recovery_passphrases,
+        } = &mut self.state
+        else {
+            return Err(Error::NotRekeying);
+        };
+
+        if passphrases.contains_key(&operator_id) {
+            return Err(Error::DuplicateContribution);
+        }
+
+        passphrases.insert(operator_id, passphrase.read().to_vec());
+
+        if passphrases.len() < *ordinary_count || recovery_passphrases.len() < *recovery_count {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+
+        self.do_finalize_rekey().await
+    }
+
+    /// Contribute a recovery operator passphrase for the re-key.
+    /// Returns Ok(true) when all contributors have submitted and the re-key is complete.
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn contribute_recovery_rekey(
+        &mut self,
+        recovery_operator_id: i32,
+        mut passphrase: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let CoordinatorState::Rekeying {
+            ordinary_count,
+            recovery_count,
+            passphrases,
+            recovery_passphrases,
+        } = &mut self.state
+        else {
+            return Err(Error::NotRekeying);
+        };
+
+        if recovery_passphrases.contains_key(&recovery_operator_id) {
+            return Err(Error::DuplicateContribution);
+        }
+
+        recovery_passphrases.insert(recovery_operator_id, passphrase.read().to_vec());
+
+        if passphrases.len() < *ordinary_count || recovery_passphrases.len() < *recovery_count {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+
+        self.do_finalize_rekey().await
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/encryption/v1.rs

@@ -62,10 +62,11 @@ mod tests {
     fn derive_seal_key_deterministic() {
         static PASSWORD: &[u8] = b"password";
         let mut password = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
+        let mut password2 = SafeCell::new(PASSWORD.to_vec());
         let salt = generate_salt();
 
         let mut key1 = derive_key(&mut password, &salt);
-        let mut key2 = derive_key(&mut password, &salt);
+        let mut key2 = derive_key(&mut password2, &salt);
 
         let key1_reader = key1.0.read();
         let key2_reader = key2.0.read();

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/integrity/v1.rs

@@ -192,9 +192,7 @@ pub async fn verify_entity<E: Integrable>(
         Ok(false) => Err(Error::MacMismatch {
             entity_kind: E::KIND,
         }),
-        Err(SendError::HandlerError(
+        Err(SendError::HandlerError(vault::Error::Sealed)) => Ok(AttestationStatus::Unavailable),
-            vault::Error::Sealed | vault::Error::KeyVersionMismatch { .. },
-        )) => Ok(AttestationStatus::Unavailable),
         Err(_) => Err(Error::VaultSend),
     }
 }
@@ -215,10 +213,8 @@ mod tests {
             GlobalActors,
             vault::{Bootstrap, Vault},
         },
-        crypto::KeyCell,
         db::{self, schema},
     };
-
     use super::{Error, Integrable, sign_entity, verify_entity};
     #[derive(Clone, arbiter_macros::Hashable)]
     struct DummyEntity {
@@ -237,8 +233,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
         actor
             .ask(Bootstrap {
-                seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+                seal_key: crate::crypto::KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
-                custody: None,
             })
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -334,47 +329,4 @@ mod tests {
             .unwrap_err();
         assert!(matches!(err, Error::MacMismatch { .. }));
     }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn key_version_mismatch_returns_unavailable_not_mac_mismatch() {
-        use crate::db::schema::integrity_envelope;
-        use super::AttestationStatus;
-
-        const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-rotation-test";
-
-        let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-        let vault = bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
-        let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-
-        let entity = DummyEntity {
-            payload_version: 1,
-            payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
-        };
-
-        sign_entity(&mut conn, &vault, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        // Simulate key rotation: update the stored key_version to a stale value.
-        // After real rotation the vault's root_key_history_id would advance, but
-        // here we achieve the same mismatch by back-dating the envelope's key_version.
-        diesel::update(integrity_envelope::table)
-            .filter(integrity_envelope::entity_kind.eq("dummy_entity"))
-            .filter(integrity_envelope::entity_id.eq(ENTITY_ID))
-            .set(integrity_envelope::key_version.eq(0))
-            .execute(&mut conn)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        // Must NOT error — version mismatch is Unavailable, not tampered.
-        let status = verify_entity(&mut conn, &vault, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
-            .await
-            .expect("key version mismatch must not be treated as an error");
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            status,
-            AttestationStatus::Unavailable,
-            "stale key_version must yield Unavailable, not MacMismatch"
-        );
-    }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/mod.rs

@@ -21,10 +21,9 @@ impl From<SafeCell<Key>> for KeyCell {
         Self(value)
     }
 }
-
 impl From<[u8; 32]> for KeyCell {
     fn from(bytes: [u8; 32]) -> Self {
-        let cell = SafeCell::new_inline(|key: &mut Key| {
+        let cell = SafeCell::new_inline_default(|key: &mut Key| {
             key.copy_from_slice(&bytes);
         });
         Self(cell)
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ impl TryFrom<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>> for KeyCell {
         if value.len() != size_of::<Key>() {
             return Err(());
         }
-        let cell = SafeCell::new_inline(|cell_write: &mut Key| {
+        let cell = SafeCell::new_inline_default(|cell_write: &mut Key| {
             cell_write.copy_from_slice(&value);
         });
         Ok(Self(cell))
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ impl TryFrom<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>> for KeyCell {
 
 impl KeyCell {
     pub fn new_secure_random() -> Self {
-        let key = SafeCell::new_inline(|key_buffer: &mut Key| {
+        let key = SafeCell::new_inline_default(|key_buffer: &mut Key| {
             let mut rng = StdRng::try_from_rng(&mut SysRng)
                 .expect("Rng failure is unrecoverable and should panic");
             rng.fill_bytes(key_buffer);
@@ -69,7 +68,6 @@ impl KeyCell {
         let buffer = buffer.as_mut();
         cipher.encrypt_in_place(nonce, associated_data, buffer)
     }
-
     pub fn decrypt_in_place(
         &mut self,
         nonce: &Nonce,
@@ -105,10 +103,7 @@ impl KeyCell {
     }
 }
 
-/// Derive a fixed-length key from a passphrase using Argon2id.
+/// Derive a fixed-length key from the password using Argon2id, which is designed for password hashing and key derivation.
-///
-/// The passphrase is borrowed so that callers can keep it in protected memory
-/// and reuse it across retries instead of handing over a copy.
 pub fn derive_key(password: &mut SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, salt: &[u8]) -> KeyCell {
     let params = {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
@@ -151,7 +146,7 @@ mod tests {
         let salt = generate_salt();
 
         let mut key = derive_key(&mut password, &salt);
-        let nonce = Nonce(*b"unique nonce 123 1231233");
+        let nonce = Nonce(*b"unique nonce 123 1231233"); // 24 bytes for XChaCha20Poly1305
         let associated_data = b"associated data";
         let mut buffer = b"secret data".to_vec();
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/shamir.rs

@@ -1,221 +1,41 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
-use rand_core::CryptoRng;
 use vsss_rs::Gf256;
 
-use crate::crypto::KeyCell;
-
-/// GF(256) addresses shares by a non-zero byte, so no committee can exceed 255.
-pub const MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE: usize = 255;
-
-/// Errors returned by Shamir split/combine operations.
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum ShamirError {
-    #[error("failed to split key: {0}")]
+    #[error("Failed to split key: {0}")]
     Split(String),
-    #[error("failed to combine shares: {0}")]
+    #[error("Failed to combine shares: {0}")]
     Combine(String),
 }
 
-/// Return the required threshold for a Shamir share pool of `committee_size`.
+/// Split `key` into `total` shares where any `threshold` shares can reconstruct it.
-///
+/// Each returned Vec<u8> is a share with format [`identifier_byte`, `value_bytes`...].
-/// A pool of two is rejected: a majority of two is two, which gives each holder
-/// a veto over every unseal without giving either one recovery. That rejects no
-/// supported committee, because a two-operator vault must carry at least one
-/// recovery share and so never splits into a pool of two -- see
-/// `docs/ARCHITECTURE.md` 3.9.
-#[expect(
-    clippy::integer_division,
-    reason = "majority thresholds use integer arithmetic"
-)]
-#[must_use]
-pub const fn shamir_threshold(committee_size: usize) -> Option<usize> {
-    match committee_size {
-        0 | 2 => None,
-        size if size > MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE => None,
-        1 => Some(1),
-        size => Some(size / 2 + 1),
-    }
-}
-
-/// Split a seal key into `total` shares, `threshold` of which reconstruct it.
 pub fn split_key(
     threshold: usize,
     total: usize,
-    key: &mut KeyCell,
+    key: &[u8; 32],
-    rng: impl CryptoRng,
+    rng: impl rand_core::RngCore + rand_core::CryptoRng,
-) -> Result<Vec<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>>, ShamirError> {
+) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>, ShamirError> {
-    if total == 0 || threshold == 0 || threshold > total || total == 2 || total > MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE
+    Gf256::split_array(threshold, total, key.as_slice(), rng)
-    {
+        .map_err(|e| ShamirError::Split(format!("{e:?}")))
-        return Err(ShamirError::Split(
-            "unsupported committee parameters".to_owned(),
-        ));
-    }
-
-    // Nothing to interpolate when one share suffices.
-    if threshold == 1 {
-        return Ok(key.0.read_inline(|key| {
-            std::iter::repeat_with(|| SafeCell::new(key.as_slice().to_vec()))
-                .take(total)
-                .collect()
-        }));
-    }
-
-    key.0.read_inline(|key| {
-        let key: &[u8; 32] = key
-            .as_slice()
-            .try_into()
-            .map_err(|_| ShamirError::Split("unexpected seal key length".to_owned()))?;
-
-        Gf256::split_array(threshold, total, key, rng)
-            .map(|shares| shares.into_iter().map(SafeCell::new).collect())
-            .map_err(|error| ShamirError::Split(format!("{error:?}")))
-    })
 }
 
-/// Combine shares back into the seal key.
+/// Returns the minimum number of shares required to reconstruct the secret
-///
+/// for a committee of `n` operators.
-/// `threshold` comes from storage rather than from the shapes of the shares:
+#[must_use]
-/// a one-of-one committee stores the key verbatim, and telling that apart by
+pub const fn shamir_threshold(n: usize) -> usize {
-/// share length alone would misread any Shamir share that happened to be key
+    match n {
-/// sized.
+        0 => panic!("No operators"),
-pub fn combine_shares(
+        1 => 1,
-    threshold: usize,
+        2 => 2,
-    shares: &mut [SafeCell<Vec<u8>>],
+        n => n / 2 + 1,
-) -> Result<KeyCell, ShamirError> {
-    if threshold == 0 {
-        return Err(ShamirError::Combine("threshold is zero".to_owned()));
-    }
-    if shares.len() < threshold {
-        return Err(ShamirError::Combine(
-            "not enough shares supplied".to_owned(),
-        ));
-    }
-
-    // Mirror of the one-of-one case in [`split_key`]: the share is the key.
-    if threshold == 1 {
-        let share = shares
-            .first_mut()
-            .ok_or_else(|| ShamirError::Combine("no shares supplied".to_owned()))?;
-        return reconstructed_key(share.read_inline(|share| SafeCell::new(share.clone())));
-    }
-
-    let mut gathered = SafeCell::new(Vec::with_capacity(shares.len()));
-    for share in shares.iter_mut() {
-        share.read_inline(|share| {
-            gathered.write_inline(|gathered| gathered.push(share.clone()));
-        });
-    }
-
-    let combined = gathered.read_inline(|gathered| {
-        Gf256::combine_array(gathered.as_slice())
-            .map(SafeCell::new)
-            .map_err(|error| ShamirError::Combine(format!("{error:?}")))
-    })?;
-
-    reconstructed_key(combined)
-}
-
-fn reconstructed_key(bytes: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) -> Result<KeyCell, ShamirError> {
-    KeyCell::try_from(bytes)
-        .map_err(|()| ShamirError::Combine("unexpected reconstructed key length".to_owned()))
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::{MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE, combine_shares, shamir_threshold, split_key};
-    use crate::crypto::KeyCell;
-    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
-    use rand::rngs::SysRng;
-    use rand_core::UnwrapErr;
-    use rstest::rstest;
-
-    fn key_bytes(mut key: KeyCell) -> [u8; 32] {
-        key.0.read_inline(|key| {
-            let mut bytes = [0u8; 32];
-            bytes.copy_from_slice(key.as_slice());
-            bytes
-        })
-    }
-
-    fn select(shares: &mut [SafeCell<Vec<u8>>], indexes: &[usize]) -> Vec<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>> {
-        indexes
-            .iter()
-            .filter_map(|index| {
-                shares
-                    .get_mut(*index)
-                    .map(|share| share.read_inline(|share| SafeCell::new(share.clone())))
-            })
-            .collect()
-    }
-
-    #[rstest]
-    #[case(&[0, 1])]
-    #[case(&[0, 2])]
-    #[case(&[1, 2])]
-    fn threshold_shares_reconstruct_fixed_key(#[case] indexes: &[usize]) {
-        let expected = [9_u8; 32];
-        let mut key = KeyCell::from(expected);
-        let rng = UnwrapErr(SysRng);
-        let mut shares = split_key(2, 3, &mut key, rng).expect("split should succeed");
-        let mut selected = select(&mut shares, indexes);
-        let combined = combine_shares(2, &mut selected).expect("combine should succeed");
-        assert_eq!(key_bytes(combined), expected);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn one_of_one_round_trips_a_fixed_size_key() {
-        let expected = [7_u8; 32];
-        let mut key = KeyCell::from(expected);
-        let rng = UnwrapErr(SysRng);
-        let mut shares = split_key(1, 1, &mut key, rng).expect("split should succeed");
-        let combined = combine_shares(1, &mut shares).expect("combine should succeed");
-        assert_eq!(key_bytes(combined), expected);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn fewer_shares_than_threshold_is_rejected() {
-        let mut key = KeyCell::from([3_u8; 32]);
-        let rng = UnwrapErr(SysRng);
-        let mut shares = split_key(3, 5, &mut key, rng).expect("split should succeed");
-        let mut selected = select(&mut shares, &[0, 1]);
-        assert!(
-            combine_shares(3, &mut selected).is_err(),
-            "two of three shares must not reconstruct the key"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[rstest]
-    #[case(0, None)]
-    #[case(1, Some(1))]
-    #[case(2, None)]
-    #[case(3, Some(2))]
-    #[case(4, Some(3))]
-    #[case(MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE, Some(128))]
-    #[case(MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE + 1, None)]
-    fn committee_threshold_is_a_majority(
-        #[case] committee_size: usize,
-        #[case] expected: Option<usize>,
-    ) {
-        assert_eq!(shamir_threshold(committee_size), expected);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn oversized_committee_is_rejected_by_split() {
-        let mut key = KeyCell::from([1_u8; 32]);
-        let rng = UnwrapErr(SysRng);
-        assert!(
-            split_key(129, MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE + 1, &mut key, rng).is_err(),
-            "committees above the GF(256) share limit must be rejected"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn two_operator_committee_is_explicitly_unsupported() {
-        let mut key = KeyCell::from([7_u8; 32]);
-        let rng = UnwrapErr(SysRng);
-        assert!(
-            split_key(2, 2, &mut key, rng).is_err(),
-            "two-operator committees must be rejected"
-        );
     }
 }
+
+/// Reconstruct the secret from `threshold` or more shares.
+pub fn combine_shares(shares: &[Vec<u8>]) -> Result<[u8; 32], ShamirError> {
+    let bytes = Gf256::combine_array(shares)
+        .map_err(|e| ShamirError::Combine(format!("{e:?}")))?;
+    <[u8; 32]>::try_from(bytes.as_slice())
+        .map_err(|_| ShamirError::Combine("unexpected reconstructed key length".to_owned()))
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/db/custody.rs

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-//! Storage for Shamir custody material: the reconstruction threshold and the
-//! per-operator encrypted shares of the vault seal key.
-//!
-//! Every query lives here so that the actors above hold no Diesel code of their
-//! own. The functions borrow the caller's connection instead of taking one from
-//! the pool, which lets the vault write custody material inside the same
-//! transaction that stores the root key.
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl, sqlite::Sqlite};
-use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
-
-use crate::db::{
-    models::{OperatorId, SqliteTimestamp},
-    schema,
-};
-
-/// One Shamir share, encrypted under a key derived from its operator's passphrase.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct EncryptedShare {
-    pub ciphertext: Vec<u8>,
-    pub nonce: Vec<u8>,
-    pub salt: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-/// Everything a bootstrap persists about custody, written as a single unit.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct CustodyRecord {
-    pub threshold: usize,
-    pub shares: Vec<(OperatorId, EncryptedShare)>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-pub enum Error {
-    #[error("Database query error: {0}")]
-    Query(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
-    #[error("Stored committee threshold is missing or out of range")]
-    BrokenThreshold,
-    #[error("Custody settings row is missing")]
-    MissingSettings,
-    #[error("No share stored for operator {0:?}")]
-    MissingShare(OperatorId),
-}
-
-/// Persist threshold and shares on the caller's connection, joining any
-/// transaction the caller has already opened.
-pub async fn write_record(
-    conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    record: &CustodyRecord,
-) -> Result<(), Error> {
-    let threshold = i32::try_from(record.threshold).map_err(|_| Error::BrokenThreshold)?;
-
-    let now = SqliteTimestamp::now();
-    for (operator_id, share) in &record.shares {
-        diesel::replace_into(schema::operator::table)
-            .values((
-                schema::operator::id.eq(Some(*operator_id)),
-                schema::operator::share.eq(&share.ciphertext),
-                schema::operator::share_nonce.eq(&share.nonce),
-                schema::operator::share_salt.eq(&share.salt),
-                schema::operator::created_at.eq(now.clone()),
-                schema::operator::updated_at.eq(now.clone()),
-            ))
-            .execute(&mut *conn)
-            .await?;
-    }
-
-    let updated = diesel::update(schema::arbiter_settings::table)
-        .set(schema::arbiter_settings::shamir_threshold.eq(Some(threshold)))
-        .execute(&mut *conn)
-        .await?;
-    if updated != 1 {
-        return Err(Error::MissingSettings);
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Number of shares required to reconstruct the seal key.
-pub async fn threshold(conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>) -> Result<usize, Error> {
-    let stored: Option<i32> = schema::arbiter_settings::table
-        .select(schema::arbiter_settings::shamir_threshold)
-        .first(conn)
-        .await?;
-
-    stored
-        .and_then(|value| usize::try_from(value).ok())
-        .filter(|threshold| *threshold > 0)
-        .ok_or(Error::BrokenThreshold)
-}
-
-/// One row of the share query: operator id, ciphertext, nonce, salt.
-type ShareRow = (Option<OperatorId>, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>);
-
-/// Load the shares of `operators` in one query, in the order requested.
-pub async fn shares(
-    conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    operators: &[OperatorId],
-) -> Result<Vec<EncryptedShare>, Error> {
-    let wanted: Vec<Option<OperatorId>> = operators.iter().copied().map(Some).collect();
-
-    let rows: Vec<ShareRow> = schema::operator::table
-        .filter(schema::operator::id.eq_any(wanted))
-        .select((
-            schema::operator::id,
-            schema::operator::share,
-            schema::operator::share_nonce,
-            schema::operator::share_salt,
-        ))
-        .load(conn)
-        .await?;
-
-    let mut found: HashMap<OperatorId, EncryptedShare> = rows
-        .into_iter()
-        .filter_map(|(id, ciphertext, nonce, salt)| {
-            id.map(|id| {
-                (
-                    id,
-                    EncryptedShare {
-                        ciphertext,
-                        nonce,
-                        salt,
-                    },
-                )
-            })
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    operators
-        .iter()
-        .map(|id| found.remove(id).ok_or(Error::MissingShare(*id)))
-        .collect()
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/db/mod.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use diesel_migrations::{EmbeddedMigrations, MigrationHarness, embed_migrations};
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tracing::info;
 
-pub mod custody;
 pub mod models;
 pub mod schema;
 
@@ -155,39 +154,3 @@ pub async fn create_test_pool() -> DatabasePool {
         .await
         .expect("Failed to create test database pool")
 }
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, result::DatabaseErrorKind};
-    use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl as _;
-
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn operator_share_salt_must_be_supplied_by_application() {
-        let pool = create_test_pool().await;
-        let mut conn = pool.get().await.expect("pool connection");
-
-        let operator_id = diesel::insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
-            .values(schema::operator_identity::public_key.eq(vec![1]))
-            .returning(schema::operator_identity::id)
-            .get_result::<i32>(&mut conn)
-            .await
-            .expect("insert operator identity");
-
-        let error = diesel::insert_into(schema::operator::table)
-            .values((
-                schema::operator::id.eq(operator_id),
-                schema::operator::share.eq(vec![2]),
-                schema::operator::share_nonce.eq(vec![3]),
-            ))
-            .execute(&mut conn)
-            .await
-            .expect_err("operator insert without an application-generated salt must fail");
-
-        assert!(matches!(
-            error,
-            diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(DatabaseErrorKind::NotNullViolation, _)
-        ));
-    }
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/db/models.rs

@@ -15,10 +15,11 @@ use restructed::Models;
 pub mod types {
     use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
     use diesel::{
+        backend::Backend,
         deserialize::{FromSql, FromSqlRow},
         expression::AsExpression,
         serialize::{IsNull, ToSql},
-        sql_types::Integer,
+        sql_types::{Integer, Text},
         sqlite::{Sqlite, SqliteType},
     };
 
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ pub mod types {
 
     impl FromSql<Integer, Sqlite> for SqliteTimestamp {
         fn from_sql(
-            mut bytes: <Sqlite as diesel::backend::Backend>::RawValue<'_>,
+            mut bytes: <Sqlite as Backend>::RawValue<'_>,
         ) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
             let Some(SqliteType::Long) = bytes.value_type() else {
                 return Err(format!(
@@ -110,18 +111,6 @@ pub mod types {
                     ToSql::<Integer, Sqlite>::to_sql(&self.0, out)
                 }
             }
-
-            impl arbiter_crypto::hashing::Hashable for $name {
-                fn hash<H: arbiter_crypto::hashing::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-                    arbiter_crypto::hashing::Hashable::hash(&self.0, hasher);
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl crate::crypto::integrity::v1::IntoId for $name {
-                fn into_id(self) -> Vec<u8> {
-                    crate::crypto::integrity::v1::IntoId::into_id(self.0)
-                }
-            }
         };
     }
 
@@ -153,6 +142,45 @@ pub mod types {
     declare_id!(TlsHistoryId);
     declare_id!(EvmWalletId);
     declare_id!(ClientId);
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, AsExpression, FromSqlRow)]
+    #[diesel(sql_type = Text)]
+    pub enum ProposalStatus {
+        Pending,
+        Approved,
+        Rejected,
+        Expired,
+    }
+
+    impl ToSql<Text, Sqlite> for ProposalStatus {
+        fn to_sql<'b>(
+            &'b self,
+            out: &mut diesel::serialize::Output<'b, '_, Sqlite>,
+        ) -> diesel::serialize::Result {
+            let s: &str = match self {
+                Self::Pending => "pending",
+                Self::Approved => "approved",
+                Self::Rejected => "rejected",
+                Self::Expired => "expired",
+            };
+            <str as ToSql<Text, Sqlite>>::to_sql(s, out)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl FromSql<Text, Sqlite> for ProposalStatus {
+        fn from_sql(
+            bytes: <Sqlite as Backend>::RawValue<'_>,
+        ) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
+            let s = <String as FromSql<Text, Sqlite>>::from_sql(bytes)?;
+            match s.as_str() {
+                "pending" => Ok(Self::Pending),
+                "approved" => Ok(Self::Approved),
+                "rejected" => Ok(Self::Rejected),
+                "expired" => Ok(Self::Expired),
+                other => Err(format!("Unknown proposal status: {other}").into()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 pub use types::*;
 
@@ -215,7 +243,6 @@ pub struct ArbiterSettings {
     pub id: i32,
     pub root_key_id: Option<i32>, // references root_key_history.id
     pub tls_id: Option<i32>,      // references tls_history.id
-    pub shamir_threshold: Option<i32>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Models, Queryable, Debug, Insertable, Selectable)]
@@ -451,3 +478,68 @@ pub struct IntegrityEnvelope {
     pub signed_at: SqliteTimestamp,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Queryable, Selectable, Identifiable)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::proposal, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct Proposal {
+    pub id: i32,
+    pub kind: String,
+    pub payload: Vec<u8>,
+    pub initiator_id: i32,
+    pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+    pub expires_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+    pub status: ProposalStatus,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Insertable)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::proposal, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct NewProposal {
+    pub kind: String,
+    pub payload: Vec<u8>,
+    pub initiator_id: i32,
+    // status defaults to 'pending' at the DB layer
+    pub expires_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Queryable, Selectable, Identifiable)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::proposal_vote, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct ProposalVote {
+    pub id: i32,
+    pub proposal_id: i32,
+    pub operator_id: i32,
+    pub approve: bool,
+    pub signature: Vec<u8>,
+    pub voted_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Insertable)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::proposal_vote, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct NewProposalVote {
+    pub proposal_id: i32,
+    pub operator_id: i32,
+    pub approve: bool,
+    pub signature: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+
+#[derive(Debug, Insertable)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::proposal_result, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct NewProposalResult {
+    pub proposal_id: i32,
+    pub data: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Insertable)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::recovery_proposal_vote, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct NewRecoveryProposalVote {
+    pub proposal_id: i32,
+    pub recovery_operator_id: i32,
+    pub approve: bool,
+    pub signature: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Insertable)]
+#[diesel(table_name = schema::recovery_wakeup_request, check_for_backend(Sqlite))]
+pub struct NewRecoveryWakeupRequest {
+    pub requested_by: i32,
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/db/schema.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ diesel::table! {
         id -> Integer,
         root_key_id -> Nullable<Integer>,
         tls_id -> Nullable<Integer>,
-        shamir_threshold -> Nullable<Integer>,
     }
 }
 
@@ -173,6 +172,78 @@ diesel::table! {
     }
 }
 
+diesel::table! {
+    proposal (id) {
+        id -> Integer,
+        kind -> Text,
+        payload -> Binary,
+        initiator_id -> Integer,
+        created_at -> Integer,
+        expires_at -> Integer,
+        status -> Text,
+    }
+}
+
+diesel::table! {
+    proposal_result (proposal_id) {
+        proposal_id -> Integer,
+        data -> Binary,
+        created_at -> Integer,
+    }
+}
+
+diesel::table! {
+    recovery_operator (id) {
+        id -> Integer,
+        share -> Binary,
+        share_nonce -> Binary,
+        share_salt -> Binary,
+        created_at -> Integer,
+        updated_at -> Integer,
+    }
+}
+
+diesel::table! {
+    recovery_operator_identity (id) {
+        id -> Integer,
+        public_key -> Binary,
+        created_at -> Integer,
+        updated_at -> Integer,
+    }
+}
+
+diesel::table! {
+    recovery_wakeup_request (id) {
+        id -> Integer,
+        requested_by -> Integer,
+        requested_at -> Integer,
+        cancelled_by -> Nullable<Integer>,
+        cancelled_at -> Nullable<Integer>,
+    }
+}
+
+diesel::table! {
+    recovery_proposal_vote (id) {
+        id -> Integer,
+        proposal_id -> Integer,
+        recovery_operator_id -> Integer,
+        approve -> Bool,
+        signature -> Binary,
+        voted_at -> Integer,
+    }
+}
+
+diesel::table! {
+    proposal_vote (id) {
+        id -> Integer,
+        proposal_id -> Integer,
+        operator_id -> Integer,
+        approve -> Bool,
+        signature -> Binary,
+        voted_at -> Integer,
+    }
+}
+
 diesel::table! {
     program_client (id) {
         id -> Integer,
@@ -226,9 +297,22 @@ diesel::joinable!(evm_wallet_access -> evm_wallet (wallet_id));
 diesel::joinable!(evm_wallet_access -> program_client (client_id));
 diesel::joinable!(operator -> operator_identity (id));
 diesel::joinable!(program_client -> client_metadata (metadata_id));
+diesel::joinable!(proposal -> operator_identity (initiator_id));
+diesel::joinable!(proposal_result -> proposal (proposal_id));
+diesel::joinable!(proposal_vote -> proposal (proposal_id));
+diesel::joinable!(proposal_vote -> operator_identity (operator_id));
+diesel::joinable!(recovery_operator -> recovery_operator_identity (id));
+diesel::joinable!(recovery_proposal_vote -> proposal (proposal_id));
+diesel::joinable!(recovery_proposal_vote -> recovery_operator_identity (recovery_operator_id));
+diesel::joinable!(recovery_wakeup_request -> operator_identity (requested_by));
 
 diesel::allow_tables_to_appear_in_same_query!(
     aead_encrypted,
+    proposal_result,
+    recovery_operator,
+    recovery_operator_identity,
+    recovery_wakeup_request,
+    recovery_proposal_vote,
     arbiter_settings,
     client_metadata,
     client_metadata_history,
@@ -246,6 +330,8 @@ diesel::allow_tables_to_appear_in_same_query!(
     operator,
     operator_identity,
     program_client,
+    proposal,
+    proposal_vote,
     root_key_history,
     tls_history,
 );

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/mod.rs

@@ -1,34 +1,28 @@
-use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
-use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
-
 use crate::{
     actors::vault::Vault,
     crypto::integrity,
     db::{
         self, DatabaseError,
         models::{
-            EvmBasicGrant, EvmEtherTransferGrant, EvmEtherTransferGrantTarget,
+            EvmBasicGrant, EvmWalletAccess, NewEvmBasicGrant, NewEvmTransactionLog, SqliteTimestamp,
-            EvmEtherTransferLimit, EvmTokenTransferGrant, EvmTokenTransferVolumeLimit,
-            EvmWalletAccess, NewEvmBasicGrant, NewEvmTransactionLog, SqliteTimestamp,
         },
         schema::{self, evm_transaction_log},
     },
     evm::policies::{
         CombinedSettings, DatabaseID, EvalContext, EvalViolation, Grant, Policy,
-        SharedGrantSettings, SpecificGrant, SpecificMeaning, VolumeRateLimit,
+        SharedGrantSettings, SpecificGrant, SpecificMeaning, ether_transfer::EtherTransfer,
-        ether_transfer::EtherTransfer, token_transfers::TokenTransfer,
+        token_transfers::TokenTransfer,
     },
 };
 
 use alloy::{
     consensus::TxEip1559,
-    primitives::{Address, TxKind, U256},
+    primitives::{TxKind, U256},
 };
 use chrono::Utc;
-use diesel::{
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl as _, QueryResult, insert_into, sqlite::Sqlite};
-    ExpressionMethods as _, OptionalExtension, QueryDsl as _, QueryResult, SelectableHelper,
+use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
-    insert_into, sqlite::Sqlite, update,
+use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
-};
 
 pub mod abi;
 pub mod safe_signer;
@@ -278,151 +272,6 @@ impl Engine {
         Ok(id)
     }
 
-    pub async fn revoke_grant(
-        &self,
-        basic_grant_id: i32,
-    ) -> Result<(), DatabaseError> {
-        let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
-        let vault = self.vault.clone();
-
-        conn.transaction(async move |conn| {
-            use crate::db::schema::{
-                evm_basic_grant, evm_ether_transfer_grant, evm_ether_transfer_grant_target,
-                evm_ether_transfer_limit, evm_token_transfer_grant,
-                evm_token_transfer_volume_limit,
-            };
-
-            update(evm_basic_grant::table)
-                .filter(evm_basic_grant::id.eq(basic_grant_id))
-                .set(evm_basic_grant::revoked_at.eq(SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now())))
-                .execute(&mut *conn)
-                .await?;
-
-            let basic_grant: EvmBasicGrant = evm_basic_grant::table
-                .filter(evm_basic_grant::id.eq(basic_grant_id))
-                .select(EvmBasicGrant::as_select())
-                .first(&mut *conn)
-                .await?;
-
-            let shared = SharedGrantSettings::try_from_model(basic_grant)?;
-
-            if let Some(ether_grant) = evm_ether_transfer_grant::table
-                .filter(evm_ether_transfer_grant::basic_grant_id.eq(basic_grant_id))
-                .select(EvmEtherTransferGrant::as_select())
-                .first(&mut *conn)
-                .await
-                .optional()?
-            {
-                let target_rows: Vec<EvmEtherTransferGrantTarget> =
-                    evm_ether_transfer_grant_target::table
-                        .filter(evm_ether_transfer_grant_target::grant_id.eq(ether_grant.id))
-                        .select(EvmEtherTransferGrantTarget::as_select())
-                        .load(&mut *conn)
-                        .await?;
-                let targets: Vec<Address> = target_rows
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .filter_map(|target| {
-                        let arr: [u8; 20] = target.address.try_into().ok()?;
-                        Some(Address::from(arr))
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-
-                let limit: EvmEtherTransferLimit = evm_ether_transfer_limit::table
-                    .filter(evm_ether_transfer_limit::id.eq(ether_grant.limit_id))
-                    .select(EvmEtherTransferLimit::as_select())
-                    .first(&mut *conn)
-                    .await?;
-
-                let settings = CombinedSettings {
-                    shared: shared.clone(),
-                    specific: policies::ether_transfer::Settings {
-                        target: targets,
-                        limit: VolumeRateLimit {
-                            max_volume: utils::try_bytes_to_u256(&limit.max_volume).map_err(
-                                |err| {
-                                    diesel::result::Error::DeserializationError(Box::new(err))
-                                },
-                            )?,
-                            window: chrono::Duration::seconds(limit.window_secs.into()),
-                        },
-                    },
-                };
-
-                integrity::sign_entity(&mut *conn, &vault, &settings, basic_grant_id)
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(|_| diesel::result::Error::RollbackTransaction)?;
-
-                return QueryResult::Ok(());
-            }
-
-            if let Some(token_grant) = evm_token_transfer_grant::table
-                .filter(evm_token_transfer_grant::basic_grant_id.eq(basic_grant_id))
-                .select(EvmTokenTransferGrant::as_select())
-                .first(&mut *conn)
-                .await
-                .optional()?
-            {
-                let volume_limit_rows: Vec<EvmTokenTransferVolumeLimit> =
-                    evm_token_transfer_volume_limit::table
-                        .filter(evm_token_transfer_volume_limit::grant_id.eq(token_grant.id))
-                        .select(EvmTokenTransferVolumeLimit::as_select())
-                        .load(&mut *conn)
-                        .await?;
-                let volume_limits: Vec<VolumeRateLimit> = volume_limit_rows
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|row| {
-                        Ok(VolumeRateLimit {
-                            max_volume: utils::try_bytes_to_u256(&row.max_volume).map_err(
-                                |err| {
-                                    diesel::result::Error::DeserializationError(Box::new(err))
-                                },
-                            )?,
-                            window: chrono::Duration::seconds(row.window_secs.into()),
-                        })
-                    })
-                    .collect::<QueryResult<Vec<_>>>()?;
-
-                let target: Option<Address> = match token_grant.receiver {
-                    None => None,
-                    Some(bytes) => {
-                        let arr: [u8; 20] = bytes.try_into().map_err(|_| {
-                            diesel::result::Error::DeserializationError(
-                                "Invalid receiver address length".into(),
-                            )
-                        })?;
-                        Some(Address::from(arr))
-                    }
-                };
-
-                let token_contract: [u8; 20] =
-                    token_grant.token_contract.clone().try_into().map_err(|_| {
-                        diesel::result::Error::DeserializationError(
-                            "Invalid token contract address length".into(),
-                        )
-                    })?;
-
-                let settings = CombinedSettings {
-                    shared,
-                    specific: policies::token_transfers::Settings {
-                        token_contract: Address::from(token_contract),
-                        target,
-                        volume_limits,
-                    },
-                };
-
-                integrity::sign_entity(&mut *conn, &vault, &settings, basic_grant_id)
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(|_| diesel::result::Error::RollbackTransaction)?;
-
-                return QueryResult::Ok(());
-            }
-
-            Err(diesel::result::Error::NotFound)
-        })
-        .await
-        .map_err(DatabaseError::from)
-    }
-
     async fn list_one_kind<Kind: Policy, Y>(
         &self,
         conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
@@ -505,12 +354,8 @@ mod tests {
     use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
     use diesel::{SelectableHelper, insert_into};
     use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
-    use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, prelude::Spawn};
     use rstest::rstest;
 
-    use crate::actors::{GlobalActors, vault::{Bootstrap, Vault}};
-    use crate::crypto::KeyCell;
-    use crate::crypto::integrity;
     use crate::db::{
         self, DatabaseConnection,
         models::{
@@ -519,10 +364,8 @@ mod tests {
         },
         schema::{evm_basic_grant, evm_transaction_log},
     };
-    use crate::evm::policies::ether_transfer::EtherTransfer;
     use crate::evm::policies::{
-        CombinedSettings, EvalContext, EvalViolation, Policy, SharedGrantSettings,
+        EvalContext, EvalViolation, SharedGrantSettings, TransactionRateLimit,
-        TransactionRateLimit, VolumeRateLimit,
     };
 
     use super::check_shared_constraints;
@@ -554,7 +397,6 @@ mod tests {
             chain: CHAIN_ID,
             valid_from: None,
             valid_until: None,
-            revoked_at: None,
             max_gas_fee_per_gas: None,
             max_priority_fee_per_gas: None,
             rate_limit: None,
@@ -763,116 +605,4 @@ mod tests {
             assert!(violations.is_empty());
         }
     }
-
-    async fn bootstrapped_vault(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> ActorRef<Vault> {
-        let actor = Vault::spawn(
-            Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
-                .await
-                .unwrap(),
-        );
-        actor
-            .ask(Bootstrap {
-                seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
-                custody: None,
-            })
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        actor
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn revoke_grant_preserves_revoked_integrity() {
-        use crate::db::schema::evm_basic_grant;
-        use diesel::ExpressionMethods as _;
-
-        let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-        let vault = bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
-        let engine = super::Engine::new(db.clone(), vault.clone());
-
-        let full_grant = CombinedSettings {
-            shared: SharedGrantSettings {
-                wallet_access_id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-                chain: CHAIN_ID,
-                valid_from: None,
-                valid_until: None,
-                revoked_at: None,
-                max_gas_fee_per_gas: None,
-                max_priority_fee_per_gas: None,
-                rate_limit: None,
-            },
-            specific: super::policies::ether_transfer::Settings {
-                target: vec![RECIPIENT],
-                limit: VolumeRateLimit {
-                    max_volume: U256::from(100u64),
-                    window: Duration::hours(1),
-                },
-            },
-        };
-
-        let grant_id = engine
-            .create_grant::<EtherTransfer>(full_grant)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        engine.revoke_grant(grant_id).await.unwrap();
-
-        let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-        diesel::update(evm_basic_grant::table)
-            .filter(evm_basic_grant::id.eq(grant_id))
-            .set(evm_basic_grant::revoked_at.eq::<Option<SqliteTimestamp>>(None))
-            .execute(&mut conn)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let wallet_access = EvmWalletAccess {
-            id: WALLET_ACCESS_ID,
-            wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(10),
-            client_id: 20,
-            created_at: SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now()),
-        };
-        let context = EvalContext {
-            target: wallet_access,
-            chain: CHAIN_ID,
-            to: RECIPIENT,
-            value: U256::ONE,
-            calldata: Bytes::new(),
-            max_fee_per_gas: 1,
-            max_priority_fee_per_gas: 1,
-        };
-
-        let grant = EtherTransfer::try_find_grant(
-            &context, &mut conn,
-        )
-        .await
-        .unwrap()
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let result =
-            integrity::verify_entity(&mut conn, &vault, &grant.settings, grant.id).await;
-
-        assert!(matches!(
-            result,
-            Err(integrity::Error::MacMismatch { .. })
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn shared_settings_hash_changes_when_revoked_at_changes() {
-        use arbiter_crypto::hashing::Hashable;
-        use sha2::Digest;
-
-        let active = shared_settings();
-        let revoked = SharedGrantSettings {
-            revoked_at: Some(Utc::now()),
-            ..shared_settings()
-        };
-
-        let mut active_hash = sha2::Sha256::new();
-        active.hash(&mut active_hash);
-
-        let mut revoked_hash = sha2::Sha256::new();
-        revoked.hash(&mut revoked_hash);
-
-        assert_ne!(active_hash.finalize(), revoked_hash.finalize());
-    }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies.rs

@@ -144,7 +144,6 @@ pub struct SharedGrantSettings {
 
     pub valid_from: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
     pub valid_until: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
-    pub revoked_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
 
     pub max_gas_fee_per_gas: Option<U256>,
     pub max_priority_fee_per_gas: Option<U256>,
@@ -159,7 +158,6 @@ impl SharedGrantSettings {
             chain: model.chain_id.into(),
             valid_from: model.valid_from.map(Into::into),
             valid_until: model.valid_until.map(Into::into),
-            revoked_at: model.revoked_at.map(Into::into),
             max_gas_fee_per_gas: model
                 .max_gas_fee_per_gas
                 .map(|b| utils::try_bytes_to_u256(&b))

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies/ether_transfer/tests.rs

@@ -80,7 +80,6 @@ fn shared() -> SharedGrantSettings {
         chain: CHAIN_ID,
         valid_from: None,
         valid_until: None,
-        revoked_at: None,
         max_gas_fee_per_gas: None,
         max_priority_fee_per_gas: None,
         rate_limit: None,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies/token_transfers/tests.rs

@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@ fn shared() -> SharedGrantSettings {
         chain: CHAIN_ID,
         valid_from: None,
         valid_until: None,
-        revoked_at: None,
         max_gas_fee_per_gas: None,
         max_priority_fee_per_gas: None,
         rate_limit: None,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/safe_signer.rs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for SafeSigner {
 /// Returns the protected key bytes and the derived Ethereum address.
 pub fn generate(rng: &mut impl rand::Rng) -> (SafeCell<[u8; 32]>, Address) {
     loop {
-        let mut cell = SafeCell::new_inline(|w: &mut [u8; 32]| {
+        let mut cell = SafeCell::new_inline_default(|w: &mut [u8; 32]| {
             rng.fill_bytes(w);
         });
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/client/auth.rs

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ impl Convert for auth::Outbound {
                         .timestamp
                         .timestamp_nanos_opt()
                         .expect("timestamp within range")
-                        .cast_unsigned(),
+                        as u64,
                     random: challenge.nonce.to_vec(),
                 })
             }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 use crate::{
     grpc::request_tracker::RequestTracker,
-    peers::operator::{OperatorConnection, OperatorSession, OutOfBand},
+    peers::operator::{OutOfBand, OperatorConnection, OperatorSession},
 };
 use arbiter_proto::{
     proto::operator::{
-        OperatorRequest, OperatorResponse, operator_request::Payload as OperatorRequestPayload,
+        OperatorRequest, OperatorResponse,
+        operator_request::Payload as OperatorRequestPayload,
         operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
     },
     transport::{Error as TransportError, Receiver, Sender, grpc::GrpcBi},
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ use tracing::{error, info, warn};
 
 mod auth;
 mod evm;
+mod governance;
 mod inbound;
 mod outbound;
 mod sdk_client;
@@ -110,13 +112,11 @@ async fn dispatch_inner(
         OperatorRequestPayload::Vault(req) => vault::dispatch(actor, req).await,
         OperatorRequestPayload::Evm(req) => evm::dispatch(actor, req).await,
         OperatorRequestPayload::SdkClient(req) => sdk_client::dispatch(actor, req).await,
-        OperatorRequestPayload::Governance(_) => {
-            Err(Status::permission_denied(stringify!(Governance)))
-        }
         OperatorRequestPayload::Auth(..) => {
             warn!("Unsupported post-auth operator auth request");
             Err(Status::invalid_argument("Unsupported operator request"))
         }
+        OperatorRequestPayload::Governance(req) => governance::dispatch(actor, req).await,
     }
 }
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/auth.rs

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl Sender<Result<auth::Outbound, auth::Error>> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
                         .timestamp
                         .timestamp_nanos_opt()
                         .expect("timestamp within range")
-                        .cast_unsigned(),
+                        as u64,
                     random: challenge.nonce.to_vec(),
                 })
             }
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ impl Receiver<auth::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
 
                 Some(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
                     pubkey,
-                    bootstrap_token: bootstrap_token.map(String::into_bytes),
+                    bootstrap_token,
                 })
             }
             AuthRequestPayload::ChallengeSolution(ProtoAuthChallengeSolution { signature }) => {

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/evm.rs

@@ -217,11 +217,6 @@ async fn handle_sign_transaction(
                 result: Some(vet_error.convert()),
             }
         }
-        Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(
-            SessionSignTransactionError::ClientNotConnected,
-        )) => {
-            return Err(Status::permission_denied("client not connected"));
-        }
         Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(SessionSignTransactionError::Internal)) => {
             EvmSignTransactionResponse {
                 result: Some(EvmSignTransactionResult::Error(

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/governance.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+use crate::{
+    actors::proposal_manager::{Error as ProposalError, ProposalKind, VoteOutcome},
+    peers::operator::{
+        OperatorSession,
+        session::handlers::{HandleCastVote, HandleCreateProposal, HandleQueryPending},
+    },
+};
+use arbiter_proto::proto::operator::{
+    governance::{
+        self as proto_gov, CreateProposalRequest, QueryPendingRequest, QueryPendingResponse,
+        VoteOutcome as ProtoVoteOutcome, create_proposal_request::Kind as ProtoKind,
+        request::Payload as GovRequestPayload, response::Payload as GovResponsePayload,
+    },
+    operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
+};
+use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
+use tonic::Status;
+use tracing::warn;
+
+const fn wrap(payload: GovResponsePayload) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
+    OperatorResponsePayload::Governance(proto_gov::Response {
+        payload: Some(payload),
+    })
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn dispatch(
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+    req: proto_gov::Request,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let Some(payload) = req.payload else {
+        return Err(Status::invalid_argument(
+            "Missing governance request payload",
+        ));
+    };
+
+    match payload {
+        GovRequestPayload::Create(req) => handle_create(actor, req).await,
+        GovRequestPayload::Vote(req) => handle_vote(actor, req).await,
+        GovRequestPayload::Query(QueryPendingRequest {}) => handle_query(actor).await,
+    }
+}
+
+async fn handle_create(
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+    req: CreateProposalRequest,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let kind = match req.kind {
+        Some(ProtoKind::ApproveSdkClient(p)) => ProposalKind::ApproveSdkClient {
+            client_id: p.client_id,
+        },
+        Some(ProtoKind::GrantWalletAccess(p)) => ProposalKind::GrantWalletAccess {
+            wallet_id: p.wallet_id,
+            client_id: p.client_id,
+        },
+        Some(ProtoKind::ApproveServerUpdate(_)) => ProposalKind::ApproveServerUpdate,
+        Some(ProtoKind::ReplaceOperator(p)) => ProposalKind::ReplaceOperator {
+            old_operator_id: p.old_operator_id,
+            new_pubkey: p.new_pubkey,
+        },
+        Some(ProtoKind::UpdateShamirParameters(p)) => ProposalKind::UpdateShamirParameters {
+            #[expect(
+                clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+                clippy::as_conversions,
+                reason = "new_n is always a small operator count"
+            )]
+            new_n: p.new_n as u8,
+        },
+        Some(ProtoKind::ApprovePersistentGrant(p)) => {
+            use prost::Message as _;
+            ProposalKind::ApprovePersistentGrant {
+                payload_bytes: p.encode_to_vec(),
+            }
+        }
+        Some(ProtoKind::ApproveOneOffTransaction(p)) => {
+            use prost::Message as _;
+            ProposalKind::ApproveOneOffTransaction {
+                payload_bytes: p.encode_to_vec(),
+            }
+        }
+        None => return Err(Status::invalid_argument("Missing proposal kind")),
+    };
+    let ttl_secs = req.ttl_secs.map(i64::from);
+
+    let proposal_id = actor
+        .ask(HandleCreateProposal { kind, ttl_secs })
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            warn!(?e, "create_proposal failed");
+            Status::internal("Failed to create proposal")
+        })?;
+
+    Ok(Some(wrap(GovResponsePayload::Created(
+        proto_gov::CreateProposalResponse { proposal_id },
+    ))))
+}
+
+async fn handle_vote(
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+    req: proto_gov::CastVoteRequest,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let result = actor
+        .ask(HandleCastVote {
+            proposal_id: req.proposal_id,
+            approve: req.approve,
+            signature: req.signature,
+        })
+        .await;
+
+    let outcome = match result {
+        Ok(VoteOutcome::Pending) => ProtoVoteOutcome::Pending,
+        Ok(VoteOutcome::QuorumApproved) => ProtoVoteOutcome::Approved,
+        Ok(VoteOutcome::QuorumRejected) => ProtoVoteOutcome::Rejected,
+        Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(ProposalError::AlreadyVoted)) => {
+            return Err(Status::invalid_argument("Already voted on this proposal"));
+        }
+        Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(ProposalError::InvalidSignature)) => {
+            return Err(Status::invalid_argument("Invalid vote signature"));
+        }
+        Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(ProposalError::ProposalNotFound)) => {
+            return Err(Status::not_found("Proposal not found"));
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            warn!(?e, "cast_vote failed");
+            return Err(Status::internal("Failed to cast vote"));
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok(Some(wrap(GovResponsePayload::Voted(
+        proto_gov::VoteResponse {
+            outcome: outcome.into(),
+        },
+    ))))
+}
+
+async fn handle_query(
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let summaries = actor.ask(HandleQueryPending {}).await.unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let proposals = summaries
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|s| proto_gov::ProposalSummary {
+            id: s.id,
+            kind: s.kind,
+            initiator_id: s.initiator_id,
+            expires_at: s.expires_at.0.timestamp(),
+            approve_count: s.approve_count,
+            reject_count: s.reject_count,
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    Ok(Some(wrap(GovResponsePayload::Pending(
+        QueryPendingResponse { proposals },
+    ))))
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/inbound.rs

@@ -86,7 +86,6 @@ impl TryConvert for ProtoSharedSettings {
                 .valid_until
                 .map(ProtoTimestamp::try_convert)
                 .transpose()?,
-            revoked_at: None,
             max_gas_fee_per_gas: self
                 .max_gas_fee_per_gas
                 .as_deref()

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/vault.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
 use crate::{
     actors::vault::VaultState,
-    peers::operator::{OperatorSession, session::handlers::HandleQueryVaultState},
+    peers::operator::{
+        OperatorSession,
+        session::handlers::{
+            HandleContributeRecoveryRekeyPassphrase, HandleContributeRekeyPassphrase,
+            HandleQueryVaultState,
+        },
+    },
 };
 use arbiter_proto::{
     proto::operator::{
         operator_response::Payload as OperatorResponsePayload,
         vault::{
-            self as proto_vault, request::Payload as VaultRequestPayload,
+            self as proto_vault,
+            rekey::{self as proto_rekey, RekeyResult as ProtoRekeyResult},
+            request::Payload as VaultRequestPayload,
             response::Payload as VaultResponsePayload,
         },
     },
@@ -33,14 +41,60 @@ pub(super) async fn dispatch(
 
     match payload {
         VaultRequestPayload::QueryState(()) => handle_query_vault_state(actor).await,
-        VaultRequestPayload::Unseal(_)
+        VaultRequestPayload::Rekey(req) => handle_rekey(actor, req).await,
-        | VaultRequestPayload::Bootstrap(_)
+        VaultRequestPayload::Unseal(_) | VaultRequestPayload::Bootstrap(_) => {
-        | VaultRequestPayload::Rekey(_) => Err(Status::permission_denied(
+            Err(Status::permission_denied(
-            "Vault is already unsealed; unseal/bootstrap not permitted in session",
+                "Vault is already unsealed; unseal/bootstrap not permitted in session",
-        )),
+            ))
+        }
     }
 }
 
+async fn handle_rekey(
+    actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
+    req: proto_rekey::Request,
+) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    use arbiter_proto::proto::operator::vault::rekey::request::Payload as RekeyPayload;
+
+    let payload = req
+        .payload
+        .ok_or_else(|| Status::invalid_argument("Missing rekey payload"))?;
+
+    let done: bool = match payload {
+        RekeyPayload::ContributePassphrase(cp) => actor
+            .ask(HandleContributeRekeyPassphrase {
+                passphrase: cp.passphrase,
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                warn!(?e, "rekey passphrase contribution failed");
+                Status::internal("Rekey contribution failed")
+            })?,
+        RekeyPayload::ContributeRecoveryPassphrase(crp) => actor
+            .ask(HandleContributeRecoveryRekeyPassphrase {
+                recovery_operator_id: crp.recovery_operator_id,
+                passphrase: crp.passphrase,
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                warn!(?e, "rekey recovery passphrase contribution failed");
+                Status::internal("Rekey recovery contribution failed")
+            })?,
+    };
+
+    let proto_result = if done {
+        ProtoRekeyResult::Success
+    } else {
+        ProtoRekeyResult::AwaitingContributions
+    };
+
+    Ok(Some(wrap_vault_response(VaultResponsePayload::Rekey(
+        proto_rekey::Response {
+            result: proto_result.into(),
+        },
+    ))))
+}
+
 async fn handle_query_vault_state(
     actor: &ActorRef<OperatorSession>,
 ) -> Result<Option<OperatorResponsePayload>, Status> {

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/vault_gate/inbound.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use crate::{
-    crypto::shamir,
     grpc::{Convert, TryConvert},
     peers::operator::vault_gate::{
         self as vault_gate, HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey, HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase,
+        HandleContributeRecoveryBootstrapPassphrase, HandleContributeRecoveryUnsealPassphrase,
         HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase, HandleDeclareCommittee, HandleHandshake,
         HandleUnsealEncryptedKey,
     },
@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ impl TryConvert for VaultRequestPayload {
             Self::QueryState(()) => Ok(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleVaultState),
             Self::Unseal(req) => req.try_convert(),
             Self::Bootstrap(req) => req.try_convert(),
-            Self::Rekey(_) => Err(Status::unimplemented("Vault re-key is not available")),
+            Self::Rekey(_) => Err(Status::permission_denied(
+                "Rekey requires an authenticated session",
+            )),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -77,16 +79,21 @@ impl TryConvert for UnsealRequestPayload {
         match self {
             Self::Start(start) => start.try_convert(),
             Self::EncryptedKey(key) => Ok(key.convert()),
-            Self::ContributePassphrase(passphrase) => {
+            Self::ContributePassphrase(cp) => Ok(
-                Ok(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(
+                vault_gate::Inbound::HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(
                     HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase {
-                        passphrase: passphrase.passphrase,
+                        passphrase: cp.passphrase,
                     },
-                ))
+                ),
-            }
+            ),
-            Self::ContributeRecoveryPassphrase(_) => Err(Status::unimplemented(
+            Self::ContributeRecoveryPassphrase(crp) => Ok(
-                "Recovery operator contributions are not available",
+                vault_gate::Inbound::HandleContributeRecoveryUnsealPassphrase(
-            )),
+                    HandleContributeRecoveryUnsealPassphrase {
+                        recovery_operator_id: crp.recovery_operator_id,
+                        passphrase: crp.passphrase,
+                    },
+                ),
+            ),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -134,35 +141,27 @@ impl TryConvert for BootstrapRequestPayload {
     fn try_convert(self) -> Result<vault_gate::Inbound, Status> {
         match self {
             Self::EncryptedKey(key) => key.try_convert(),
-            Self::DeclareCommittee(dc) => {
+            Self::DeclareCommittee(dc) => Ok(
-                if dc.recovery_count != 0 {
+                vault_gate::Inbound::HandleDeclareCommittee(HandleDeclareCommittee {
-                    return Err(Status::unimplemented(
+                    count: dc.count as usize,
-                        "Recovery operator contributions are not available",
+                    recovery_count: dc.recovery_count as usize,
-                    ));
+                }),
-                }
+            ),
-                let count = usize::try_from(dc.count)
+            Self::ContributePassphrase(cp) => Ok(
-                    .ok()
+                vault_gate::Inbound::HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(
-                    .filter(|count| *count <= shamir::MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE)
-                    .ok_or_else(|| {
-                        Status::invalid_argument(format!(
-                            "Committee count must not exceed {}",
-                            shamir::MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE
-                        ))
-                    })?;
-                Ok(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleDeclareCommittee(
-                    HandleDeclareCommittee { count },
-                ))
-            }
-            Self::ContributePassphrase(cp) => {
-                Ok(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(
                     HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase {
                         passphrase: cp.passphrase,
                     },
-                ))
+                ),
-            }
+            ),
-            Self::ContributeRecoveryPassphrase(_) => Err(Status::unimplemented(
+            Self::ContributeRecoveryPassphrase(crp) => Ok(
-                "Recovery operator contributions are not available",
+                vault_gate::Inbound::HandleContributeRecoveryBootstrapPassphrase(
-            )),
+                    HandleContributeRecoveryBootstrapPassphrase {
+                        recovery_operator_id: crp.recovery_operator_id,
+                        passphrase: crp.passphrase,
+                    },
+                ),
+            ),
         }
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/operator/vault_gate/outbound.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::{
-    actors::{vault::VaultState, vault_coordinator},
+    actors::vault::VaultState,
     grpc::{Convert, TryConvert},
     peers::operator::vault_gate::{self as vault_gate},
 };
@@ -34,26 +34,6 @@ const fn wrap_unseal_response(payload: UnsealResponsePayload) -> OperatorRespons
     }))
 }
 
-/// Ceremony errors are the operator's own doing far more often than ours, so
-/// they travel back as a specific status instead of a blanket internal error.
-fn ceremony_status(error: &vault_coordinator::Error) -> Status {
-    match error {
-        vault_coordinator::Error::AlreadyBootstrapping
-        | vault_coordinator::Error::AlreadyUnsealing
-        | vault_coordinator::Error::NotBootstrapping
-        | vault_coordinator::Error::DuplicateContribution => {
-            Status::failed_precondition(error.to_string())
-        }
-        vault_coordinator::Error::EmptyCommittee
-        | vault_coordinator::Error::UnsupportedCommittee
-        | vault_coordinator::Error::CommitteeTooLarge => {
-            Status::invalid_argument(error.to_string())
-        }
-        vault_coordinator::Error::InvalidPassphrase => Status::unauthenticated(error.to_string()),
-        _ => Status::internal("Vault ceremony failed"),
-    }
-}
-
 fn wrap_bootstrap_response(result: ProtoBootstrapResult) -> OperatorResponsePayload {
     wrap_vault_response(VaultResponsePayload::Bootstrap(proto_bootstrap::Response {
         result: result.into(),
@@ -132,14 +112,7 @@ impl TryConvert for vault_gate::Outbound {
             }
             Self::HandleDeclareCommittee(result) => {
                 let proto_result = match result {
-                    Ok(()) => ProtoBootstrapResult::AwaitingContributions,
+                    Ok(()) => ProtoBootstrapResult::Success,
-                    Err(vault_gate::Error::Ceremony(
-                        vault_coordinator::Error::AlreadyBootstrapped,
-                    )) => ProtoBootstrapResult::AlreadyBootstrapped,
-                    Err(vault_gate::Error::Ceremony(err)) => {
-                        warn!(?err, "declare committee failed");
-                        return Err(ceremony_status(&err));
-                    }
                     Err(err) => {
                         warn!(?err, "declare committee failed");
                         return Err(Status::internal("Failed to declare committee"));
@@ -151,17 +124,21 @@ impl TryConvert for vault_gate::Outbound {
                 let proto_result = match result {
                     Ok(true) => ProtoBootstrapResult::Success,
                     Ok(false) => ProtoBootstrapResult::AwaitingContributions,
-                    Err(vault_gate::Error::Ceremony(
-                        vault_coordinator::Error::AlreadyBootstrapped,
-                    )) => ProtoBootstrapResult::AlreadyBootstrapped,
-                    Err(vault_gate::Error::Ceremony(err)) => {
-                        warn!(?err, "contribute bootstrap passphrase failed");
-                        return Err(ceremony_status(&err));
-                    }
                     Err(err) => {
                         warn!(?err, "contribute bootstrap passphrase failed");
+                        return Err(Status::internal("Failed to contribute bootstrap passphrase"));
+                    }
+                };
+                Ok(wrap_bootstrap_response(proto_result))
+            }
+            Self::HandleContributeRecoveryBootstrapPassphrase(result) => {
+                let proto_result = match result {
+                    Ok(true) => ProtoBootstrapResult::Success,
+                    Ok(false) => ProtoBootstrapResult::AwaitingContributions,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        warn!(?err, "contribute recovery bootstrap passphrase failed");
                         return Err(Status::internal(
-                            "Failed to contribute bootstrap passphrase",
+                            "Failed to contribute recovery bootstrap passphrase",
                         ));
                     }
                 };
@@ -180,6 +157,21 @@ impl TryConvert for vault_gate::Outbound {
                     proto_result.into(),
                 )))
             }
+            Self::HandleContributeRecoveryUnsealPassphrase(result) => {
+                let proto_result = match result {
+                    Ok(true) => ProtoUnsealResult::Success,
+                    Ok(false) => ProtoUnsealResult::AwaitingContributions,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        warn!(?err, "contribute recovery unseal passphrase failed");
+                        return Err(Status::internal(
+                            "Failed to contribute recovery unseal passphrase",
+                        ));
+                    }
+                };
+                Ok(wrap_unseal_response(UnsealResponsePayload::Result(
+                    proto_result.into(),
+                )))
+            }
         }
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/client/auth.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::{
     crypto::integrity::{self, AttestationStatus},
     db::{
         self,
-        models::ProgramClientMetadata,
+        models::{ProgramClientMetadata, SqliteTimestamp},
         schema::program_client,
     },
 };
@@ -18,13 +18,14 @@ use arbiter_proto::{
     transport::{Bi, expect_message},
 };
 
+use chrono::Utc;
 use diesel::{
     ExpressionMethods as _, OptionalExtension as _, QueryDsl as _, SelectableHelper as _,
-    dsl::insert_into,
+    dsl::insert_into, update,
 };
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl as _;
 use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, error::SendError};
-use tracing::{error, warn};
+use tracing::error;
 
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum Error {
@@ -210,47 +211,71 @@ async fn insert_client(
     .await
 }
 
-/// Compares stored metadata against what a reconnecting client presents.
+async fn sync_client_metadata(
-/// Metadata is frozen after initial operator approval and must not be silently
-/// overwritten. Doing so would let an approved client forge its displayed
-/// identity in later approval prompts. Drift is logged and ignored.
-async fn check_metadata_drift(
     db: &db::DatabasePool,
     client_id: i32,
-    presented: &ClientMetadata,
+    metadata: &ClientMetadata,
 ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-    use crate::db::schema::client_metadata;
+    use crate::db::schema::{client_metadata, client_metadata_history};
+
+    let now = SqliteTimestamp(Utc::now());
 
     let mut conn = db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
         error!(error = ?e, "Database pool error");
         Error::DatabasePoolUnavailable
     })?;
 
-    let current: ProgramClientMetadata = program_client::table
+    conn.exclusive_transaction(async |conn| {
-        .find(client_id)
+        let (current_metadata_id, current): (i32, ProgramClientMetadata) = program_client::table
-        .inner_join(client_metadata::table)
+            .find(client_id)
-        .select(ProgramClientMetadata::as_select())
+            .inner_join(client_metadata::table)
-        .first(&mut conn)
+            .select((
-        .await
+                program_client::metadata_id,
-        .map_err(|e| {
+                ProgramClientMetadata::as_select(),
-            error!(error = ?e, "Database error");
+            ))
-            Error::DatabaseOperationFailed
+            .first(&mut *conn)
-        })?;
+            .await?;
 
-    let changed = current.name != presented.name
+        let unchanged = current.name == metadata.name
-        || current.description != presented.description
+            && current.description == metadata.description
-        || current.version != presented.version;
+            && current.version == metadata.version;
+        if unchanged {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
 
-    if changed {
+        insert_into(client_metadata_history::table)
-        warn!(
+            .values((
-            client_id,
+                client_metadata_history::metadata_id.eq(current_metadata_id),
-            stored_name = %current.name,
+                client_metadata_history::client_id.eq(client_id),
-            presented_name = %presented.name,
+            ))
-            "reconnecting client presented different metadata; ignoring - metadata is frozen after operator approval"
+            .execute(&mut *conn)
-        );
+            .await?;
-    }
 
-    Ok(())
+        let metadata_id = insert_into(client_metadata::table)
+            .values((
+                client_metadata::name.eq(&metadata.name),
+                client_metadata::description.eq(&metadata.description),
+                client_metadata::version.eq(&metadata.version),
+            ))
+            .returning(client_metadata::id)
+            .get_result::<i32>(&mut *conn)
+            .await?;
+
+        update(program_client::table.find(client_id))
+            .set((
+                program_client::metadata_id.eq(metadata_id),
+                program_client::updated_at.eq(now),
+            ))
+            .execute(&mut *conn)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok::<(), diesel::result::Error>(())
+    })
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| {
+        error!(error = ?e, "Database error");
+        Error::DatabaseOperationFailed
+    })
 }
 
 async fn challenge_client<T>(
@@ -299,7 +324,6 @@ where
 
     let client_id = if let Some(id) = get_client_id(&props.db, &pubkey).await? {
         verify_integrity(&props.db, &props.actors.vault, &pubkey).await?;
-        check_metadata_drift(&props.db, id, &metadata).await?;
         id
     } else {
         approve_new_client(
@@ -313,6 +337,8 @@ where
         insert_client(&props.db, &props.actors.vault, &pubkey, &metadata).await?
     };
 
+    sync_client_metadata(&props.db, client_id, &metadata).await?;
+
     let challenge = AuthChallenge::generate(&mut rand::rng());
     challenge_client(transport, pubkey, challenge).await?;
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/client/session.rs

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl Actor for ClientSession {
         args.props
             .actors
             .flow_coordinator
-            .ask(RegisterClient { client_id: args.client_id, actor: this })
+            .ask(RegisterClient { actor: this })
             .await
             .map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionRegistrationFailed)?;
         Ok(args)

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/operator/auth/mod.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ mod state;
 pub enum Inbound {
     AuthChallengeRequest {
         pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
-        bootstrap_token: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+        bootstrap_token: Option<String>,
     },
     AuthChallengeSolution {
         signature: Vec<u8>,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/operator/auth/state.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ use super::{
     Error,
 };
 use crate::{
-    actors::bootstrap::VerifyToken,
+    actors::bootstrap::ConsumeToken,
-    db::{DatabasePool, models::OperatorId, schema::operator_identity},
+    db::{DatabasePool, schema::operator_identity},
     peers::operator::auth::Outbound,
 };
 use arbiter_crypto::authn::{self, AuthChallenge, OPERATOR_CONTEXT};
@@ -14,18 +14,19 @@ use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, OptionalExtension as _, QueryDsl};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 use tracing::error;
 
-pub(super) struct ChallengeRequest {
+pub(crate) struct ChallengeRequest {
-    pub(super) pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
+    pub(crate) pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
-    pub(super) bootstrap_token: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+    pub(crate) bootstrap_token: Option<String>,
 }
 
 pub struct ChallengeContext {
-    pub(super) challenge: AuthChallenge,
+    pub challenge: AuthChallenge,
-    pub(super) pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
+    pub pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
+    pub bootstrap_token: Option<String>,
 }
 
-pub(super) struct ChallengeSolution {
+pub(crate) struct ChallengeSolution {
-    pub(super) solution: Vec<u8>,
+    pub(crate) solution: Vec<u8>,
 }
 
 smlang::statemachine!(
@@ -37,10 +38,7 @@ smlang::statemachine!(
     }
 );
 
-async fn get_client_id(
+async fn get_client_id(db: &DatabasePool, pubkey: &authn::PublicKey) -> Result<Option<i32>, Error> {
-    db: &DatabasePool,
-    pubkey: &authn::PublicKey,
-) -> Result<Option<OperatorId>, Error> {
     let mut conn = db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
         error!(error = ?e, "Database pool error");
         Error::internal("Database unavailable")
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ async fn get_client_id(
     operator_identity::table
         .filter(operator_identity::public_key.eq(pubkey.to_bytes()))
         .select(operator_identity::id)
-        .first::<OperatorId>(&mut conn)
+        .first::<i32>(&mut conn)
         .await
         .optional()
         .map_err(|e| {
@@ -58,14 +56,14 @@ async fn get_client_id(
         })
 }
 
-async fn register_key(db: &DatabasePool, pubkey: &authn::PublicKey) -> Result<OperatorId, Error> {
+async fn register_key(db: &DatabasePool, pubkey: &authn::PublicKey) -> Result<i32, Error> {
     let pubkey_bytes = pubkey.to_bytes();
     let mut conn = db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
         error!(error = ?e, "Database pool error");
         Error::internal("Database unavailable")
     })?;
 
-    let id: OperatorId = diesel::insert_into(operator_identity::table)
+    let id: i32 = diesel::insert_into(operator_identity::table)
         .values((operator_identity::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes),))
         .returning(operator_identity::id)
         .get_result(&mut conn)
@@ -81,16 +79,11 @@ async fn register_key(db: &DatabasePool, pubkey: &authn::PublicKey) -> Result<Op
 pub(super) struct AuthContext<'a, T: ?Sized> {
     pub(super) conn: &'a mut OperatorConnection,
     pub(super) transport: &'a mut T,
-    bootstrap_token: Option<Vec<u8>>,
 }
 
 impl<'a, T: ?Sized> AuthContext<'a, T> {
     pub(super) const fn new(conn: &'a mut OperatorConnection, transport: &'a mut T) -> Self {
-        Self {
+        Self { conn, transport }
-            conn,
-            transport,
-            bootstrap_token: None,
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -115,8 +108,6 @@ where
             }
         }
 
-        self.bootstrap_token = bootstrap_token;
-
         let challenge = AuthChallenge::generate(&mut rand::rng());
 
         self.transport
@@ -129,12 +120,20 @@ where
                 Error::Transport
             })?;
 
-        Ok(ChallengeContext { challenge, pubkey })
+        Ok(ChallengeContext {
+            challenge,
+            pubkey,
+            bootstrap_token,
+        })
     }
 
     async fn verify_solution(
         &mut self,
-        ChallengeContext { challenge, pubkey }: &ChallengeContext,
+        ChallengeContext {
+            challenge,
+            pubkey,
+            bootstrap_token,
+        }: &ChallengeContext,
         ChallengeSolution { solution }: ChallengeSolution,
     ) -> Result<Credentials, Self::Error> {
         let signature = authn::Signature::try_from(solution.as_slice()).map_err(|()| {
@@ -153,13 +152,15 @@ where
         }
 
         // Resolve client id: bootstrap (consume token + register) or lookup
-        let id = match self.bootstrap_token.take() {
+        let id = match bootstrap_token {
             Some(token) => {
                 let token_ok: bool = self
                     .conn
                     .actors
                     .bootstrapper
-                    .ask(VerifyToken { token })
+                    .ask(ConsumeToken {
+                        token: token.clone(),
+                    })
                     .await
                     .map_err(|e| {
                         error!(?e, "Failed to consume bootstrap token");

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/operator/mod.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::{
         vault::{GetState, Vault},
     },
     crypto::integrity::{self, AttestationStatus, Integrable},
-    db::{DatabaseError, DatabasePool, models::OperatorId},
+    db::{DatabaseError, DatabasePool},
     peers::client::ClientProfile,
 };
 use arbiter_crypto::authn;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub mod vault_gate;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hashable)]
 pub struct Credentials {
-    pub id: OperatorId,
+    pub id: i32,
     pub pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
 }
 
@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ where
 
     Ok(OperatorSession::spawn(OperatorSession::new(
         props.clone(),
+        creds.clone(),
         oob_sender,
     )))
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/operator/session/handlers.rs

@@ -2,17 +2,14 @@ use super::{Error, OperatorSession};
 use crate::{
     actors::{
         evm::{
-            ClientSignTransaction, Generate, ListWallets, OperatorCreateGrant, OperatorListGrants,
+            ClientSignTransaction, Generate, ListWallets, OperatorCreateGrant, OperatorDeleteGrant,
-            SignTransactionError as EvmSignError,
+            OperatorListGrants, SignTransactionError as EvmSignError,
         },
-        flow_coordinator::{IsClientConnected, client_connect_approval::ClientApprovalAnswer},
+        flow_coordinator::client_connect_approval::ClientApprovalAnswer,
         vault::VaultState,
     },
-    db::{
+    db::models::{
-        models::{
+        EvmWalletAccess, EvmWalletId, NewEvmWalletAccess, ProgramClient, ProgramClientMetadata,
-            EvmWalletAccess, EvmWalletId, NewEvmWalletAccess, ProgramClient, ProgramClientMetadata,
-        },
-        schema::program_client,
     },
     evm::policies::{Grant, SpecificGrant},
 };
@@ -22,16 +19,13 @@ use alloy::{consensus::TxEip1559, primitives::Address, signers::Signature};
 use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl as _, SelectableHelper};
 use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
 use kameo::{error::SendError, messages, prelude::Context};
-use tracing::{error, info, warn};
+use tracing::error;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Error)]
 pub enum SignTransactionError {
     #[error("Policy evaluation failed")]
     Vet(#[from] crate::evm::VetError),
 
-    #[error("Client not connected")]
-    ClientNotConnected,
-
     #[error("Internal signing error")]
     Internal,
 }
@@ -128,22 +122,23 @@ impl OperatorSession {
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub(crate) fn handle_grant_delete(&mut self, grant_id: i32) -> Result<(), GrantMutationError> {
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_grant_delete(
-        // match self
+        &mut self,
-        //     .props
+        grant_id: i32,
-        //     .actors
+    ) -> Result<(), GrantMutationError> {
-        //     .evm
+        match self
-        //     .ask(OperatorDeleteGrant { grant_id })
+            .props
-        //     .await
+            .actors
-        // {
+            .evm
-        //     Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+            .ask(OperatorDeleteGrant { grant_id })
-        //     Err(err) => {
+            .await
-        //         error!(?err, "EVM grant delete failed");
+        {
-        //         Err(GrantMutationError::Internal)
+            Ok(()) => Ok(()),
-        //     }
+            Err(err) => {
-        // }
+                error!(?err, "EVM grant delete failed");
-        let _ = grant_id;
+                Err(GrantMutationError::Internal)
-        todo!()
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     #[message]
@@ -153,30 +148,6 @@ impl OperatorSession {
         wallet_address: Address,
         transaction: TxEip1559,
     ) -> Result<Signature, SignTransactionError> {
-        if !self.approved_client_ids.contains(&client_id) {
-            warn!(
-                client_id,
-                "operator attempted to sign for client not in its approved set"
-            );
-            return Err(SignTransactionError::ClientNotConnected);
-        }
-
-        let connected = self
-            .props
-            .actors
-            .flow_coordinator
-            .ask(IsClientConnected { client_id })
-            .await
-            .unwrap_or(false);
-
-        if !connected {
-            self.approved_client_ids.remove(&client_id);
-            warn!(client_id, "operator attempted to sign for disconnected client");
-            return Err(SignTransactionError::ClientNotConnected);
-        }
-
-        info!(client_id, event = "sign_transaction", "operator.sign_transaction");
-
         match self
             .props
             .actors
@@ -232,7 +203,7 @@ impl OperatorSession {
             use crate::db::schema::evm_wallet_access;
             for entry in entries {
                 diesel::delete(evm_wallet_access::table)
-                    .filter(evm_wallet_access::id.eq(entry))
+                    .filter(evm_wallet_access::wallet_id.eq(entry))
                     .execute(&mut *conn)
                     .await?;
             }
@@ -247,8 +218,9 @@ impl OperatorSession {
     pub(crate) async fn handle_list_wallet_access(
         &mut self,
     ) -> Result<Vec<EvmWalletAccess>, Error> {
+        use crate::db::schema::evm_wallet_access;
         let mut conn = self.props.db.get().await?;
-        let access_entries = crate::db::schema::evm_wallet_access::table
+        let access_entries = evm_wallet_access::table
             .select(EvmWalletAccess::as_select())
             .load::<_>(&mut conn)
             .await?;
@@ -285,30 +257,6 @@ impl OperatorSession {
 
         ctx.actor_ref().unlink(&pending_approval.controller).await;
 
-        if approved {
-            let pubkey_bytes = pending_approval.pubkey.to_bytes();
-            match self.props.db.get().await {
-                Ok(mut conn) => {
-                    match program_client::table
-                        .filter(program_client::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes.as_slice()))
-                        .select(program_client::id)
-                        .first::<i32>(&mut conn)
-                        .await
-                    {
-                        Ok(client_id) => {
-                            self.approved_client_ids.insert(client_id);
-                        }
-                        Err(err) => {
-                            error!(?err, "Failed to look up client_id for approved pubkey");
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                Err(err) => {
-                    error!(?err, "DB pool error after client approval");
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -332,141 +280,101 @@ impl OperatorSession {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(test)]
+#[messages]
-mod tests {
+impl OperatorSession {
-    use crate::db::{self, models::{EvmWalletId, NewEvmWalletAccess}, schema::evm_wallet_access};
+    #[message]
-    use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl as _, SelectableHelper};
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_create_proposal(
-    use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
+        &mut self,
-
+        kind: crate::actors::proposal_manager::ProposalKind,
-    /// Regression test: revocation must delete by access-entry `id`, not by `wallet_id`.
+        ttl_secs: Option<i64>,
-    ///
+    ) -> Result<i32, Error> {
-    /// Before the fix, revoking `entry_id=1` would delete all rows where `wallet_id=1`,
+        use crate::actors::proposal_manager::CreateProposal;
-    /// wiping out every client's access to wallet #1.
+        let initiator_id = self.credentials.id;
-    #[tokio::test]
+        self.props
-    async fn revoke_deletes_by_entry_id_not_wallet_id() {
+            .actors
-        use crate::db::models::EvmWalletAccess;
+            .proposal_manager
-
+            .ask(CreateProposal { kind, initiator_id, ttl_secs })
-        let pool = db::create_test_pool().await;
+            .await
-        let mut conn = pool.get().await.expect("pool connection");
+            .map_err(|e| {
-
+                error!(?e, "create_proposal failed");
-        // Insert two access entries for the same wallet but different clients.
+                Error::internal("Failed to create proposal")
-        // entry A: id will be 1, wallet_id=1, client_id=10
-        // entry B: id will be 2, wallet_id=1, client_id=20
-        let entry_a = diesel::insert_into(evm_wallet_access::table)
-            .values(NewEvmWalletAccess {
-                wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(1),
-                client_id: 10,
             })
-            .returning(EvmWalletAccess::as_select())
-            .get_result(&mut *conn)
-            .await
-            .expect("insert entry A");
-
-        let entry_b = diesel::insert_into(evm_wallet_access::table)
-            .values(NewEvmWalletAccess {
-                wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(1),
-                client_id: 20,
-            })
-            .returning(EvmWalletAccess::as_select())
-            .get_result(&mut *conn)
-            .await
-            .expect("insert entry B");
-
-        // Revoke only entry A by its primary key id.
-        conn.transaction(async |conn| {
-            diesel::delete(evm_wallet_access::table)
-                .filter(evm_wallet_access::id.eq(entry_a.id))
-                .execute(&mut *conn)
-                .await
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect("revoke entry A");
-
-        // Entry A must be gone.
-        let gone = evm_wallet_access::table
-            .filter(evm_wallet_access::id.eq(entry_a.id))
-            .count()
-            .get_result::<i64>(&mut *conn)
-            .await
-            .expect("count entry A");
-        assert_eq!(gone, 0, "revoked entry must be deleted");
-
-        // Entry B (same wallet, different client) must still exist.
-        let still_there = evm_wallet_access::table
-            .filter(evm_wallet_access::id.eq(entry_b.id))
-            .count()
-            .get_result::<i64>(&mut *conn)
-            .await
-            .expect("count entry B");
-        assert_eq!(still_there, 1, "unrelated entry must not be deleted");
     }
 
-    /// Regression test: when `entry_id` and `wallet_id` differ, only the correct row is removed.
+    #[message]
-    ///
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_cast_vote(
-    /// This specifically catches the case where `entry.id=5` and `wallet_id=1` are different values;
+        &mut self,
-    /// the old bug would delete by `wallet_id`, potentially matching a completely different entry.
+        proposal_id: i32,
-    #[tokio::test]
+        approve: bool,
-    async fn revoke_with_mismatched_wallet_and_entry_ids() {
+        signature: Vec<u8>,
-        use crate::db::models::EvmWalletAccess;
+    ) -> Result<crate::actors::proposal_manager::VoteOutcome, crate::actors::proposal_manager::Error> {
-
+        use crate::actors::proposal_manager::CastVote;
-        let pool = db::create_test_pool().await;
+        let operator_id = self.credentials.id;
-        let mut conn = pool.get().await.expect("pool connection");
+        self.props
-
+            .actors
-        // Insert entries to force auto-increment IDs to diverge from wallet_ids.
+            .proposal_manager
-        // We'll insert 5 placeholder entries first so that the real entry gets id=6.
+            .ask(CastVote { proposal_id, operator_id, approve, signature })
-        for i in 1_i32..=5 {
+            .await
-            diesel::insert_into(evm_wallet_access::table)
+            .map_err(|err| match err {
-                .values(NewEvmWalletAccess {
+                SendError::HandlerError(e) => e,
-                    wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(99),
+                _ => crate::actors::proposal_manager::Error::ExecutionFailed("actor unavailable".to_owned()),
-                    client_id: i,
-                })
-                .execute(&mut *conn)
-                .await
-                .expect("insert placeholder");
-        }
-
-        // Real target: wallet_id=1, will get id=6.
-        let target = diesel::insert_into(evm_wallet_access::table)
-            .values(NewEvmWalletAccess {
-                wallet_id: EvmWalletId::from_raw(1),
-                client_id: 1,
             })
-            .returning(EvmWalletAccess::as_select())
+    }
-            .get_result(&mut *conn)
+
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_query_pending(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> Vec<crate::actors::proposal_manager::ProposalSummary> {
+        use crate::actors::proposal_manager::QueryPending;
+        let operator_id = self.credentials.id;
+        self.props
+            .actors
+            .proposal_manager
+            .ask(QueryPending { operator_id })
             .await
-            .expect("insert target");
+            .unwrap_or_default()
-
+    }
-        // Sanity: target.id != target.wallet_id
+}
-        assert_ne!(
+
-            target.id, target.wallet_id.to_raw(),
+#[messages]
-            "test prerequisite: id and wallet_id must differ"
+impl OperatorSession {
-        );
+    #[message]
-
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_contribute_rekey_passphrase(
-        // Revoke by entry id.
+        &mut self,
-        conn.transaction(async |conn| {
+        passphrase: Vec<u8>,
-            diesel::delete(evm_wallet_access::table)
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
-                .filter(evm_wallet_access::id.eq(target.id))
+        use crate::actors::vault_coordinator::ContributeRekey;
-                .execute(&mut *conn)
+        use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
-                .await
+
-        })
+        let operator_id = self.credentials.id;
-        .await
+        self.props
-        .expect("revoke target");
+            .actors
-
+            .vault_coordinator
-        let remaining = evm_wallet_access::table
+            .ask(ContributeRekey {
-            .filter(evm_wallet_access::id.eq(target.id))
+                operator_id,
-            .count()
+                passphrase: SafeCell::new(passphrase),
-            .get_result::<i64>(&mut *conn)
+            })
-            .await
+            .await
-            .expect("count target");
+            .map_err(|_| Error::internal("VaultCoordinator unavailable"))
-        assert_eq!(remaining, 0, "target must be deleted by its entry id");
+    }
-
+
-        // Placeholders for wallet_id=99 must be untouched.
+    #[message]
-        let placeholders = evm_wallet_access::table
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_contribute_recovery_rekey_passphrase(
-            .filter(evm_wallet_access::wallet_id.eq(99))
+        &mut self,
-            .count()
+        recovery_operator_id: i32,
-            .get_result::<i64>(&mut *conn)
+        passphrase: Vec<u8>,
-            .await
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
-            .expect("count placeholders");
+        use crate::actors::vault_coordinator::ContributeRecoveryRekey;
-        assert_eq!(placeholders, 5, "unrelated entries must survive");
+        use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+
+        self.props
+            .actors
+            .vault_coordinator
+            .ask(ContributeRecoveryRekey {
+                recovery_operator_id,
+                passphrase: SafeCell::new(passphrase),
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| Error::internal("VaultCoordinator unavailable"))
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/operator/session/mod.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-use super::{OutOfBand, OperatorConnection};
+use super::{Credentials, OutOfBand, OperatorConnection};
 use crate::{
     actors::{
-        flow_coordinator::{GetConnectedClientIds, client_connect_approval::{ClientApprovalAnswer, ClientApprovalController}}, operator_registry::ConnectOperator,
+        flow_coordinator::client_connect_approval::ClientApprovalController,
-    }, peers::client::ClientProfile,
+        operator_registry::ConnectOperator,
+    },
+    peers::client::ClientProfile,
 };
 use arbiter_crypto::authn;
 use arbiter_proto::transport::Sender;
 
 use kameo::{Actor, actor::ActorRef, messages};
-use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::{HashMap, HashSet}};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::HashMap};
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tracing::error;
 
@@ -49,24 +51,21 @@ pub struct PendingClientApproval {
 
 pub struct OperatorSession {
     props: OperatorConnection,
+    credentials: Credentials,
     sender: Box<dyn Sender<OutOfBand>>,
 
     pending_client_approvals: HashMap<Vec<u8>, PendingClientApproval>,
-    /// DB `client_ids` this operator session is allowed to sign for.
-    /// Seeded from currently-connected clients on start, then updated as
-    /// approvals are granted or denied during the session lifetime.
-    approved_client_ids: HashSet<i32>,
 }
 
 pub mod handlers;
 
 impl OperatorSession {
-    pub(crate) fn new(props: OperatorConnection, sender: Box<dyn Sender<OutOfBand>>) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new(props: OperatorConnection, credentials: Credentials, sender: Box<dyn Sender<OutOfBand>>) -> Self {
         Self {
             props,
+            credentials,
             sender,
             pending_client_approvals: HashMap::default(),
-            approved_client_ids: HashSet::default(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -91,7 +90,6 @@ impl OperatorSession {
                 actor = "operator",
                 event = "failed to announce new client connection"
             );
-            let _ = controller.tell(ClientApprovalAnswer { approved: false }).await;
             return;
         }
 
@@ -110,7 +108,7 @@ impl Actor for OperatorSession {
 
     type Error = Error;
 
-    async fn on_start(mut args: Self::Args, this: ActorRef<Self>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+    async fn on_start(args: Self::Args, this: ActorRef<Self>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         args.props
             .actors
             .operator_registry
@@ -125,16 +123,6 @@ impl Actor for OperatorSession {
                 );
                 Error::internal("Failed to register operator connection with operator registry")
             })?;
-
-        // Seed approved set with clients already connected when this session starts.
-        // New clients will be added via handle_new_client_approve as they are approved.
-        match args.props.actors.flow_coordinator.ask(GetConnectedClientIds {}).await {
-            Ok(ids) => args.approved_client_ids.extend(ids),
-            Err(err) => {
-                error!(?err, "Failed to fetch connected client IDs on operator session start");
-            }
-        }
-
         Ok(args)
     }
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/operator/vault_gate/mod.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ use crate::{
     actors::{
         GlobalActors,
         vault::{self, Bootstrap, GetState, TryUnseal, VaultState, events},
-        vault_coordinator::{self, ContributeBootstrap, ContributeUnseal, StartBootstrap},
+        vault_coordinator::{
+            ContributeBootstrap, ContributeRecoveryBootstrap, ContributeRecoveryUnseal,
+            ContributeUnseal, StartBootstrap,
+        },
     },
-    crypto::{KeyCell, integrity},
+    crypto::{KeyCell, integrity::{self}},
     db::DatabasePool,
 };
 use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
@@ -18,6 +21,9 @@ use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 use tracing::{error, info};
 use x25519_dalek::{EphemeralSecret, PublicKey, SharedSecret};
 
+pub use VaultGateMessage as Inbound;
+pub use VaultGateMessageReply as Outbound;
+
 pub mod state;
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
@@ -26,29 +32,17 @@ pub enum Error {
     AlreadyBootstrapped,
     #[error("Invalid key provided")]
     InvalidKey,
-    #[error("Vault locked: too many failed unseal attempts")]
+
-    LockedOut,
     #[error("State transition failed")]
     State,
-    #[error("Vault ceremony failed: {0}")]
+
-    Ceremony(#[from] vault_coordinator::Error),
     #[error("Internal error: {0}")]
     Internal(String),
 }
-
 impl Error {
     fn internal(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
         Self::Internal(message.into())
     }
-
-    /// Preserve the coordinator's own error so the operator learns why a
-    /// ceremony was refused instead of reading "internal error".
-    fn ceremony<M>(error: SendError<M, vault_coordinator::Error>) -> Self {
-        match error {
-            SendError::HandlerError(inner) => Self::Ceremony(inner),
-            _ => Self::internal("VaultCoordinator unavailable"),
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 pub struct HandshakeResponse {
@@ -82,6 +76,7 @@ impl VaultGate {
 
 impl Actor for VaultGate {
     type Args = Self;
+
     type Error = ();
 
     async fn on_start(
@@ -110,29 +105,28 @@ impl VaultGate {
         nonce: &[u8],
         ciphertext: &[u8],
         associated_data: &[u8],
-    ) -> Result<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, ()> {
+    ) -> Result<KeyCell, ()> {
         let nonce = XNonce::from_slice(nonce);
         let cipher = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(secret.as_bytes().into());
         let mut key_buffer = SafeCell::new(ciphertext.to_vec());
+
         let decryption_result = key_buffer.write_inline(|write_handle| {
             cipher.decrypt_in_place(nonce, associated_data, write_handle)
         });
 
         match decryption_result {
-            Ok(()) => Ok(key_buffer),
+            Ok(()) => KeyCell::try_from(key_buffer).map_err(|()| {
+                error!("Decrypted key material has unexpected length");
+            }),
             Err(err) => {
                 error!(?err, "Failed to decrypt encrypted key material");
                 Err(())
             }
         }
     }
-
-    fn key_cell(buffer: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) -> Result<KeyCell, Error> {
-        KeyCell::try_from(buffer).map_err(|()| Error::InvalidKey)
-    }
 }
 
-#[messages]
+#[messages(enum)]
 impl VaultGate {
     #[message]
     pub fn handle_handshake(
@@ -141,11 +135,14 @@ impl VaultGate {
     ) -> Result<HandshakeResponse, Error> {
         let ephemeral_secret = EphemeralSecret::random();
         let public_key = PublicKey::from(&ephemeral_secret);
+
         let secret = ephemeral_secret.diffie_hellman(&client_pubkey);
+
         self.state = State::ReadyForExchange {
             server_key: public_key,
             secret,
         };
+
         Ok(HandshakeResponse {
             server_pubkey: public_key,
         })
@@ -161,17 +158,22 @@ impl VaultGate {
         let State::ReadyForExchange { secret, .. } = &self.state else {
             return Err(Error::State);
         };
-        let seal_key = Self::decrypt_key(secret, &nonce, &ciphertext, &associated_data)
-            .map_err(|()| Error::InvalidKey)
-            .and_then(Self::key_cell)?;
 
-        match self.actors.vault.ask(TryUnseal { seal_key }).await {
+        let Ok(seal_key) = Self::decrypt_key(secret, &nonce, &ciphertext, &associated_data) else {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidKey);
+        };
+
+        match self
+            .actors
+            .vault
+            .ask(TryUnseal { seal_key })
+            .await
+        {
             Ok(()) => {
                 info!("Successfully unsealed key with client-provided key");
                 Ok(())
             }
             Err(SendError::HandlerError(vault::Error::InvalidKey)) => Err(Error::InvalidKey),
-            Err(SendError::HandlerError(vault::Error::LockedOut)) => Err(Error::LockedOut),
             Err(SendError::HandlerError(err)) => {
                 error!(?err, "Vault failed to unseal key");
                 Err(Error::InvalidKey)
@@ -193,17 +195,15 @@ impl VaultGate {
         let State::ReadyForExchange { secret, .. } = &self.state else {
             return Err(Error::State);
         };
-        let seal_key = Self::decrypt_key(secret, &nonce, &ciphertext, &associated_data)
+
-            .map_err(|()| Error::InvalidKey)
+        let Ok(seal_key) = Self::decrypt_key(secret, &nonce, &ciphertext, &associated_data) else {
-            .and_then(Self::key_cell)?;
+            return Err(Error::InvalidKey);
+        };
 
         match self
             .actors
             .vault
-            .ask(Bootstrap {
+            .ask(Bootstrap { seal_key })
-                seal_key,
-                custody: None,
-            })
             .await
         {
             Ok(()) => {
@@ -226,23 +226,31 @@ impl VaultGate {
 
     #[message]
     pub async fn handle_vault_state(&mut self) -> Result<VaultState, Error> {
-        self.actors
+        let answer = self
+            .actors
             .vault
             .ask(GetState {})
             .await
-            .map_err(|_| Error::internal("failed to query vault"))
+            .map_err(|_| Error::internal("failed to query vault"))?;
+
+        Ok(answer)
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub async fn handle_declare_committee(&mut self, count: usize) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    pub async fn handle_declare_committee(
+        &mut self,
+        count: usize,
+        recovery_count: usize,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
         self.actors
             .vault_coordinator
             .ask(StartBootstrap {
                 operator_id: self.auth_creds.id,
                 declared_count: count,
+                recovery_count,
             })
             .await
-            .map_err(Error::ceremony)
+            .map_err(|_| Error::internal("VaultCoordinator unavailable"))
     }
 
     #[message]
@@ -250,14 +258,32 @@ impl VaultGate {
         &mut self,
         passphrase: Vec<u8>,
     ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let passphrase_cell = SafeCell::new(passphrase);
         self.actors
             .vault_coordinator
             .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
                 operator_id: self.auth_creds.id,
-                passphrase: SafeCell::new(passphrase),
+                passphrase: passphrase_cell,
             })
             .await
-            .map_err(Error::ceremony)
+            .map_err(|_| Error::internal("VaultCoordinator unavailable"))
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn handle_contribute_recovery_bootstrap_passphrase(
+        &mut self,
+        recovery_operator_id: i32,
+        passphrase: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let passphrase_cell = SafeCell::new(passphrase);
+        self.actors
+            .vault_coordinator
+            .ask(ContributeRecoveryBootstrap {
+                recovery_operator_id,
+                passphrase: passphrase_cell,
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| Error::internal("VaultCoordinator unavailable"))
     }
 
     #[message]
@@ -265,14 +291,32 @@ impl VaultGate {
         &mut self,
         passphrase: Vec<u8>,
     ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let passphrase_cell = SafeCell::new(passphrase);
         self.actors
             .vault_coordinator
             .ask(ContributeUnseal {
                 operator_id: self.auth_creds.id,
-                passphrase: SafeCell::new(passphrase),
+                passphrase: passphrase_cell,
             })
             .await
-            .map_err(Error::ceremony)
+            .map_err(|_| Error::internal("VaultCoordinator unavailable"))
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn handle_contribute_recovery_unseal_passphrase(
+        &mut self,
+        recovery_operator_id: i32,
+        passphrase: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let passphrase_cell = SafeCell::new(passphrase);
+        self.actors
+            .vault_coordinator
+            .ask(ContributeRecoveryUnseal {
+                recovery_operator_id,
+                passphrase: passphrase_cell,
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| Error::internal("VaultCoordinator unavailable"))
     }
 }
 
@@ -326,75 +370,3 @@ impl Message<events::Unsealed> for VaultGate {
         ctx.stop();
     }
 }
-
-pub enum Inbound {
-    HandleHandshake(HandleHandshake),
-    HandleUnsealEncryptedKey(HandleUnsealEncryptedKey),
-    HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey(HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey),
-    HandleVaultState,
-    HandleDeclareCommittee(HandleDeclareCommittee),
-    HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase),
-    HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase),
-}
-
-pub enum Outbound {
-    HandleHandshake(Result<HandshakeResponse, Error>),
-    HandleUnsealEncryptedKey(Result<(), Error>),
-    HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey(Result<(), Error>),
-    HandleVaultState(Result<VaultState, Error>),
-    HandleDeclareCommittee(Result<(), Error>),
-    HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(Result<bool, Error>),
-    HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(Result<bool, Error>),
-}
-
-impl Message<Inbound> for VaultGate {
-    type Reply = Result<Outbound, Error>;
-
-    async fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: Inbound,
-        _ctx: &mut kameo::prelude::Context<Self, Self::Reply>,
-    ) -> Self::Reply {
-        match msg {
-            Inbound::HandleHandshake(message) => Ok(Outbound::HandleHandshake(
-                self.handle_handshake(message.client_pubkey),
-            )),
-            Inbound::HandleUnsealEncryptedKey(message) => Ok(Outbound::HandleUnsealEncryptedKey(
-                self.handle_unseal_encrypted_key(
-                    message.nonce,
-                    message.ciphertext,
-                    message.associated_data,
-                )
-                .await,
-            )),
-            Inbound::HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey(message) => {
-                Ok(Outbound::HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey(
-                    self.handle_bootstrap_encrypted_key(
-                        message.nonce,
-                        message.ciphertext,
-                        message.associated_data,
-                    )
-                    .await,
-                ))
-            }
-            Inbound::HandleVaultState => {
-                Ok(Outbound::HandleVaultState(self.handle_vault_state().await))
-            }
-            Inbound::HandleDeclareCommittee(message) => Ok(Outbound::HandleDeclareCommittee(
-                self.handle_declare_committee(message.count).await,
-            )),
-            Inbound::HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(message) => {
-                Ok(Outbound::HandleContributeBootstrapPassphrase(
-                    self.handle_contribute_bootstrap_passphrase(message.passphrase)
-                        .await,
-                ))
-            }
-            Inbound::HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(message) => {
-                Ok(Outbound::HandleContributeUnsealPassphrase(
-                    self.handle_contribute_unseal_passphrase(message.passphrase)
-                        .await,
-                ))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/client/auth.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use arbiter_proto::{
 };
 use arbiter_server::{
     actors::{GlobalActors, vault::Bootstrap},
-    crypto::{KeyCell, integrity},
+    crypto::integrity,
     db::{self, schema},
     peers::client::{ClientConnection, ClientCredentials, auth, connect_client},
 };
@@ -97,8 +97,7 @@ async fn spawn_test_actors(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> GlobalActors {
     actors
         .vault
         .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+            seal_key: arbiter_server::crypto::KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
-            custody: None,
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -264,7 +263,7 @@ pub async fn metadata_unchanged_does_not_append_history() {
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
-pub async fn metadata_frozen_after_approval_ignores_reconnect_changes() {
+pub async fn metadata_change_appends_history_and_repoints_binding() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actors = spawn_test_actors(&db).await;
     let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
@@ -285,7 +284,6 @@ pub async fn metadata_frozen_after_approval_ignores_reconnect_changes() {
         connect_client(props, &mut server_transport).await;
     });
 
-    // Reconnect presenting different metadata — must be silently ignored.
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
             pubkey: verifying_key(&new_key).into(),
@@ -312,7 +310,6 @@ pub async fn metadata_frozen_after_approval_ignores_reconnect_changes() {
             client_metadata, client_metadata_history, program_client,
         };
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-        // Metadata is frozen: no new row, no history entry.
         let metadata_count: i64 = client_metadata::table
             .count()
             .get_result(&mut conn)
@@ -338,19 +335,15 @@ pub async fn metadata_frozen_after_approval_ignores_reconnect_changes() {
             .first::<(String, Option<String>, Option<String>)>(&mut conn)
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(metadata_count, 2);
-            metadata_count, 1,
+        assert_eq!(history_count, 1);
-            "frozen: no new metadata row on reconnect"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(history_count, 0, "frozen: no history entry on reconnect");
         assert_eq!(
             current,
             (
                 "client".to_owned(),
-                Some("old".to_owned()),
+                Some("new".to_owned()),
-                Some("1.0.0".to_owned())
+                Some("2.0.0".to_owned())
-            ),
+            )
-            "frozen: original metadata must be preserved"
         );
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/common/mod.rs

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@
     dead_code,
     reason = "Common test utilities that may not be used in every test"
 )]
-
 use arbiter_proto::transport::{Bi, Error, Receiver, Sender};
 use arbiter_server::{
     actors::{GlobalActors, vault::Vault},
-    crypto::KeyCell,
     db::{self, schema},
 };
 
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn bootstrapped_vault(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> Vault {
         .await
         .unwrap();
     actor
-        .bootstrap(KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]), None)
+        .bootstrap(arbiter_server::crypto::KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]))
         .await
         .unwrap();
     actor

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/operator/auth.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ use arbiter_crypto::authn::{self, AuthChallenge, OPERATOR_CONTEXT};
 use arbiter_proto::transport::{Error as TransportError, Receiver, Sender};
 use arbiter_server::{
     actors::{GlobalActors, bootstrap::GetToken, vault::Bootstrap},
-    crypto::{KeyCell, integrity},
+    crypto::integrity,
-    db::{self, models::OperatorId, schema},
+    db::{self, schema},
     peers::operator::{self, Credentials, OperatorConnection, auth, vault_gate},
 };
 
@@ -151,6 +151,13 @@ impl Sender<auth::Inbound> for StartTestTransport {
 pub async fn bootstrap_token_auth() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
+    actors
+        .vault
+        .ask(Bootstrap {
+            seal_key: arbiter_server::crypto::KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
     let token = actors.bootstrapper.ask(GetToken).await.unwrap().unwrap();
 
     let (mut server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
@@ -164,7 +171,7 @@ pub async fn bootstrap_token_auth() {
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
             pubkey: verifying_key(&new_key).into(),
-            bootstrap_token: Some(token.into_bytes()),
+            bootstrap_token: Some(token),
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -221,7 +228,7 @@ pub async fn bootstrap_invalid_token_auth() {
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
             pubkey: verifying_key(&new_key).into(),
-            bootstrap_token: Some(b"invalid_token".to_vec()),
+            bootstrap_token: Some("invalid_token".to_owned()),
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -265,8 +272,7 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth() {
     actors
         .vault
         .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+            seal_key: arbiter_server::crypto::KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
-            custody: None,
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -276,10 +282,10 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth() {
 
     {
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-        let id: OperatorId = insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
+        let id: i32 = insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
             .values((schema::operator_identity::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes.clone()),))
             .returning(schema::operator_identity::id)
-            .get_result::<OperatorId>(&mut conn)
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
             .await
             .unwrap();
         integrity::sign_entity(
@@ -352,8 +358,7 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth_rejects_integrity_tag_mismatch_when_unsealed() {
     actors
         .vault
         .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+            seal_key: arbiter_server::crypto::KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
-            custody: None,
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -392,7 +397,7 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth_rejects_integrity_tag_mismatch_when_unsealed() {
     let challenge = match response {
         Ok(resp) => match resp {
             auth::Outbound::AuthChallenge { challenge } => challenge,
-            other @ auth::Outbound::AuthSuccess => panic!("Expected AuthChallenge, got {other:?}"),
+            other => panic!("Expected AuthChallenge, got {other:?}"),
         },
         Err(err) => panic!("Expected Ok response, got Err({err:?})"),
     };
@@ -426,8 +431,7 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth_rejects_invalid_signature() {
     actors
         .vault
         .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
+            seal_key: arbiter_server::crypto::KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
-            custody: None,
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -437,10 +441,10 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth_rejects_invalid_signature() {
 
     {
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-        let id: OperatorId = insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
+        let id: i32 = insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
             .values((schema::operator_identity::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes.clone()),))
             .returning(schema::operator_identity::id)
-            .get_result::<OperatorId>(&mut conn)
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
             .await
             .unwrap();
         integrity::sign_entity(
@@ -499,92 +503,3 @@ pub async fn challenge_auth_rejects_invalid_signature() {
         Err(auth::Error::InvalidChallengeSolution)
     ));
 }
-
-/// The bootstrap token authorises registering committee members *before* the
-/// vault exists. Once any bootstrap path succeeds it must stop working, or its
-/// holder could keep minting operator identities until the next restart.
-#[tokio::test]
-#[test_log::test]
-pub async fn bootstrap_token_rejected_after_bootstrap() {
-    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-    let token = actors.bootstrapper.ask(GetToken).await.unwrap().unwrap();
-
-    actors
-        .vault
-        .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key: KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]),
-            custody: None,
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-    // `Bootstrapped` travels through the message bus, so the token disappears
-    // a couple of actor turns after the bootstrap call returns.
-    let mut retired = false;
-    for _ in 0..100 {
-        if actors.bootstrapper.ask(GetToken).await.unwrap().is_none() {
-            retired = true;
-            break;
-        }
-        tokio::task::yield_now().await;
-    }
-    assert!(
-        retired,
-        "the bootstrap token must be retired once the vault is bootstrapped"
-    );
-
-    let (mut server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
-    let db_for_task = db.clone();
-    let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
-        let mut props = OperatorConnection::new(db_for_task, actors);
-        auth::authenticate(&mut props, &mut server_transport).await
-    });
-
-    let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
-    test_transport
-        .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
-            pubkey: verifying_key(&new_key).into(),
-            bootstrap_token: Some(token.into_bytes()),
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-    let response = test_transport
-        .recv()
-        .await
-        .expect("should receive challenge");
-    let challenge = match response {
-        Ok(auth::Outbound::AuthChallenge { challenge }) => challenge,
-        other => panic!("Expected AuthChallenge, got {other:?}"),
-    };
-
-    let signature = sign_operator_challenge(&new_key, &challenge);
-    test_transport
-        .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeSolution {
-            signature: signature.to_bytes(),
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-    let response = test_transport
-        .recv()
-        .await
-        .expect("should receive auth result");
-    assert!(
-        matches!(response, Err(auth::Error::InvalidBootstrapToken)),
-        "a spent bootstrap token must not authorise a new identity, got {response:?}"
-    );
-    assert!(task.await.unwrap().is_err(), "authentication must fail");
-
-    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-    let registered: i64 = schema::operator_identity::table
-        .count()
-        .get_result(&mut conn)
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(
-        registered, 0,
-        "no identity may be registered after the bootstrap"
-    );
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/operator/unseal.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ use arbiter_server::{
         GlobalActors,
         vault::{Bootstrap, Seal},
     },
-    crypto::KeyCell,
+    db,
-    db::{self, models::OperatorId},
     peers::operator::{
         Credentials,
         vault_gate::{
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 use x25519_dalek::{EphemeralSecret, PublicKey};
 
 async fn setup_sealed_gate(
-    seal_key: [u8; 32],
+    seal_key: &[u8; 32],
 ) -> (
     db::DatabasePool,
     kameo::actor::ActorRef<VaultGate>,
@@ -32,8 +31,7 @@ async fn setup_sealed_gate(
     actors
         .vault
         .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key: KeyCell::from(seal_key),
+            seal_key: arbiter_server::crypto::KeyCell::from(*seal_key),
-            custody: None,
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -41,10 +39,7 @@ async fn setup_sealed_gate(
 
     let (promotion_tx, promotion_rx) = oneshot::channel();
     let pubkey = authn::SigningKey::generate().public_key();
-    let auth_creds = Credentials {
+    let auth_creds = Credentials { id: 1, pubkey };
-        id: OperatorId::from_raw(1),
-        pubkey,
-    };
     let gate = VaultGate::spawn(VaultGate::new(auth_creds, actors, db.clone(), promotion_tx));
 
     (db, gate, promotion_rx)
@@ -52,7 +47,7 @@ async fn setup_sealed_gate(
 
 async fn client_dh_encrypt(
     gate: &kameo::actor::ActorRef<VaultGate>,
-    key_to_send: &[u8],
+    key_to_send: &[u8; 32],
 ) -> HandleUnsealEncryptedKey {
     let client_secret = EphemeralSecret::random();
     let client_public = PublicKey::from(&client_secret);
@@ -85,10 +80,10 @@ async fn client_dh_encrypt(
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn unseal_success() {
-    let seal_key = [7u8; 32];
+    let seal_key = b"test-seal-key-padded-to-32bytes!";
     let (_db, gate, _promotion_rx) = setup_sealed_gate(seal_key).await;
 
-    let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, &seal_key).await;
+    let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, seal_key).await;
 
     let response = gate.ask(encrypted_key).await;
     assert!(matches!(response, Ok(())));
@@ -97,10 +92,10 @@ pub async fn unseal_success() {
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn unseal_wrong_seal_key() {
-    let seal_key = [7u8; 32];
+    let seal_key = b"test-seal-key-padded-to-32bytes!";
     let (_db, gate, _promotion_rx) = setup_sealed_gate(seal_key).await;
 
-    let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, &[8u8; 32]).await;
+    let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, b"wrong-key-padded-to-32-bytes!!!!").await;
 
     let response = gate.ask(encrypted_key).await;
     assert!(matches!(
@@ -114,7 +109,7 @@ pub async fn unseal_wrong_seal_key() {
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn unseal_corrupted_ciphertext() {
-    let seal_key = [7u8; 32];
+    let seal_key = b"test-seal-key-padded-to-32bytes!";
     let (_db, gate, _promotion_rx) = setup_sealed_gate(seal_key).await;
 
     let client_secret = EphemeralSecret::random();
@@ -145,11 +140,11 @@ pub async fn unseal_corrupted_ciphertext() {
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn unseal_retry_after_invalid_key() {
-    let seal_key = [9u8; 32];
+    let seal_key = b"real-seal-key-padded-to-32bytes!";
     let (_db, gate, _promotion_rx) = setup_sealed_gate(seal_key).await;
 
     {
-        let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, &[8u8; 32]).await;
+        let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, b"wrong-key-padded-to-32-bytes!!!!").await;
 
         let response = gate.ask(encrypted_key).await;
         assert!(matches!(
@@ -161,7 +156,7 @@ pub async fn unseal_retry_after_invalid_key() {
     }
 
     {
-        let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, &seal_key).await;
+        let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, seal_key).await;
 
         let response = gate.ask(encrypted_key).await;
         assert!(matches!(response, Ok(())));

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/vault.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ mod common;
 
 #[path = "vault/concurrency.rs"]
 mod concurrency;
-#[path = "vault/custody.rs"]
-mod custody;
 #[path = "vault/lifecycle.rs"]
 mod lifecycle;
 #[path = "vault/storage.rs"]

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/vault/concurrency.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use arbiter_server::{
         GlobalActors,
         vault::{CreateNew, Error, Vault},
     },
-    crypto::KeyCell,
     db::{self, models, schema},
 };
 
@@ -15,8 +14,6 @@ use kameo::actor::{ActorRef, Spawn as _};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use tokio::task::JoinSet;
 
-const TEST_AAD: &[u8] = b"test-aad";
-
 async fn write_concurrently(
     actor: ActorRef<Vault>,
     prefix: &'static str,
@@ -30,7 +27,6 @@ async fn write_concurrently(
             let id = actor
                 .ask(CreateNew {
                     plaintext: SafeCell::new(plaintext.clone()),
-                    aad: TEST_AAD.to_vec(),
                 })
                 .await
                 .unwrap();
@@ -124,7 +120,7 @@ async fn insert_failure_does_not_create_partial_row() {
     drop(conn);
 
     let err = actor
-        .create_new(SafeCell::new(b"should fail".to_vec()), TEST_AAD.to_vec())
+        .create_new(SafeCell::new(b"should fail".to_vec()))
         .await
         .unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::DatabaseTransaction(_)));
@@ -170,12 +166,12 @@ async fn decrypt_roundtrip_after_high_concurrency() {
         .await
         .unwrap();
     decryptor
-        .try_unseal(KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]))
+        .try_unseal(arbiter_server::crypto::KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]))
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
     for (id, plaintext) in expected {
-        let mut decrypted = decryptor.decrypt(id, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap();
+        let mut decrypted = decryptor.decrypt(id).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(*decrypted.read(), plaintext);
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/vault/custody.rs

@@ -1,387 +0,0 @@
-//! End-to-end coverage for the Shamir custody ceremonies.
-
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
-use arbiter_server::{
-    actors::{
-        GlobalActors,
-        vault::{Bootstrap, Error as VaultError, GetState, Seal, Vault, VaultState},
-        vault_coordinator::{ContributeBootstrap, ContributeUnseal, StartBootstrap},
-    },
-    crypto::{KeyCell, shamir},
-    db::{
-        self,
-        custody::{CustodyRecord, EncryptedShare},
-        models::OperatorId,
-        schema,
-    },
-};
-
-use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl};
-use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
-
-/// Register `count` operator identities so committee members satisfy the
-/// foreign key from `operator` to `operator_identity`.
-async fn register_operators(db: &db::DatabasePool, count: usize) -> Vec<OperatorId> {
-    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-    let mut ids = Vec::with_capacity(count);
-    for index in 0..count {
-        let pubkey = vec![u8::try_from(index).unwrap(); 32];
-        let id: OperatorId = diesel::insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
-            .values((schema::operator_identity::public_key.eq(pubkey),))
-            .returning(schema::operator_identity::id)
-            .get_result(&mut conn)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        ids.push(id);
-    }
-    ids
-}
-
-async fn stored_share_count(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> i64 {
-    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-    schema::operator::table
-        .count()
-        .get_result(&mut conn)
-        .await
-        .unwrap()
-}
-
-async fn stored_threshold(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> Option<i32> {
-    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-    schema::arbiter_settings::table
-        .select(schema::arbiter_settings::shamir_threshold)
-        .first(&mut conn)
-        .await
-        .unwrap()
-}
-
-fn passphrase(seed: u8) -> SafeCell<Vec<u8>> {
-    SafeCell::new(vec![seed; 16])
-}
-
-/// The happy path: three operators bootstrap, and any two of them reopen the
-/// vault after it is sealed.
-#[tokio::test]
-#[test_log::test]
-async fn committee_of_three_unseals_with_two_passphrases() {
-    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-    let operators = register_operators(&db, 3).await;
-
-    actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(StartBootstrap {
-            operator_id: operators[0],
-            declared_count: 3,
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-    for (index, operator_id) in operators.iter().enumerate() {
-        let finished = actors
-            .vault_coordinator
-            .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
-                operator_id: *operator_id,
-                passphrase: passphrase(u8::try_from(index).unwrap()),
-            })
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            finished,
-            index == 2,
-            "the ceremony finishes only on the last contribution"
-        );
-    }
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        actors.vault.ask(GetState {}).await.unwrap(),
-        VaultState::Unsealed
-    );
-    assert_eq!(stored_share_count(&db).await, 3);
-    assert_eq!(stored_threshold(&db).await, Some(2));
-
-    actors.vault.ask(Seal {}).await.unwrap();
-
-    let first = actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(ContributeUnseal {
-            operator_id: operators[0],
-            passphrase: passphrase(0),
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-    assert!(!first, "one of two shares must not unseal");
-
-    let second = actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(ContributeUnseal {
-            operator_id: operators[2],
-            passphrase: passphrase(2),
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-    assert!(second, "the threshold contribution should unseal the vault");
-    assert_eq!(
-        actors.vault.ask(GetState {}).await.unwrap(),
-        VaultState::Unsealed
-    );
-}
-
-/// Shares that describe a seal key the vault never adopted would make the vault
-/// permanently un-unsealable, so a refused bootstrap must leave the table empty.
-#[tokio::test]
-#[test_log::test]
-async fn refused_bootstrap_stores_no_shares() {
-    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-    let operators = register_operators(&db, 1).await;
-
-    // Another path bootstraps the vault first; the ceremony now has nowhere to go.
-    actors
-        .vault
-        .ask(Bootstrap {
-            seal_key: KeyCell::from([4u8; 32]),
-            custody: None,
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-    actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(StartBootstrap {
-            operator_id: operators[0],
-            declared_count: 1,
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-    let error = actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
-            operator_id: operators[0],
-            passphrase: passphrase(1),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect_err("bootstrapping an already bootstrapped vault must fail");
-    assert!(
-        format!("{error:?}").contains("AlreadyBootstrapped"),
-        "expected AlreadyBootstrapped, got {error:?}"
-    );
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        stored_share_count(&db).await,
-        0,
-        "a refused bootstrap must not leave shares behind"
-    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        stored_threshold(&db).await,
-        None,
-        "a refused bootstrap must not leave a threshold behind"
-    );
-}
-
-/// A failing custody write must take the whole bootstrap down with it: a vault
-/// that kept its root key but lost the shares could never be unsealed again.
-#[tokio::test]
-#[test_log::test]
-async fn custody_write_failure_rolls_back_bootstrap() {
-    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let operators = register_operators(&db, 1).await;
-    let record = CustodyRecord {
-        threshold: 1,
-        shares: operators
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|operator_id| {
-                (
-                    operator_id,
-                    EncryptedShare {
-                        ciphertext: vec![1; 32],
-                        nonce: vec![2; 24],
-                        salt: vec![3; 16],
-                    },
-                )
-            })
-            .collect(),
-    };
-    let mut vault = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-    // The threshold update is the last statement of the custody write, so the
-    // trigger fails the transaction once the share row is already in place.
-    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-    diesel::sql_query(
-        "CREATE TRIGGER fail_custody_threshold BEFORE UPDATE OF shamir_threshold ON arbiter_settings BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'forced custody failure'); END;",
-    )
-    .execute(&mut conn)
-    .await
-    .unwrap();
-    drop(conn);
-
-    let error = vault
-        .bootstrap(KeyCell::from([4u8; 32]), Some(record))
-        .await
-        .expect_err("a failing custody write must fail the bootstrap");
-    assert!(
-        matches!(error, VaultError::Custody(_)),
-        "expected a custody error, got {error:?}"
-    );
-    assert_eq!(vault.get_state(), VaultState::Unbootstrapped);
-    assert_eq!(stored_share_count(&db).await, 0);
-    assert_eq!(stored_threshold(&db).await, None);
-
-    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-    let root_count: i64 = schema::root_key_history::table
-        .count()
-        .get_result(&mut conn)
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-    let root_key_id: Option<i32> = schema::arbiter_settings::table
-        .select(schema::arbiter_settings::root_key_id)
-        .first(&mut conn)
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(root_count, 0, "the root key write must roll back as well");
-    assert_eq!(root_key_id, None);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-#[test_log::test]
-async fn oversized_and_degenerate_committees_are_rejected() {
-    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-    let operators = register_operators(&db, 1).await;
-
-    for (count, expected) in [
-        (0_usize, "EmptyCommittee"),
-        (2, "UnsupportedCommittee"),
-        (shamir::MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE + 1, "CommitteeTooLarge"),
-        (usize::MAX, "CommitteeTooLarge"),
-    ] {
-        let error = actors
-            .vault_coordinator
-            .ask(StartBootstrap {
-                operator_id: operators[0],
-                declared_count: count,
-            })
-            .await
-            .expect_err("committee size must be rejected");
-        assert!(
-            format!("{error:?}").contains(expected),
-            "expected {expected} for count {count}, got {error:?}"
-        );
-    }
-}
-
-/// A committee whose members never all show up would otherwise wedge the
-/// coordinator until restart. Only the operator that declared it may reset it.
-#[tokio::test]
-#[test_log::test]
-async fn only_the_declarer_may_restart_a_stalled_committee() {
-    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-    let operators = register_operators(&db, 3).await;
-
-    actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(StartBootstrap {
-            operator_id: operators[0],
-            declared_count: 3,
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-    actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
-            operator_id: operators[0],
-            passphrase: passphrase(0),
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-    let error = actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(StartBootstrap {
-            operator_id: operators[1],
-            declared_count: 3,
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect_err("a bystander must not reset someone else's ceremony");
-    assert!(
-        format!("{error:?}").contains("AlreadyBootstrapping"),
-        "expected AlreadyBootstrapping, got {error:?}"
-    );
-
-    actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(StartBootstrap {
-            operator_id: operators[0],
-            declared_count: 1,
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect("the declarer may restart the ceremony");
-
-    let finished = actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
-            operator_id: operators[0],
-            passphrase: passphrase(0),
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-    assert!(
-        finished,
-        "the restarted one-operator ceremony should complete"
-    );
-    assert_eq!(stored_share_count(&db).await, 1);
-}
-
-/// A wrong passphrase must not unseal, and the operator must be able to retry.
-#[tokio::test]
-#[test_log::test]
-async fn wrong_passphrase_is_rejected_and_retryable() {
-    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-    let operators = register_operators(&db, 1).await;
-
-    actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(StartBootstrap {
-            operator_id: operators[0],
-            declared_count: 1,
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-    actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
-            operator_id: operators[0],
-            passphrase: passphrase(7),
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-    actors.vault.ask(Seal {}).await.unwrap();
-
-    let error = actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(ContributeUnseal {
-            operator_id: operators[0],
-            passphrase: passphrase(8),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect_err("a wrong passphrase must not unseal");
-    assert!(
-        format!("{error:?}").contains("InvalidPassphrase"),
-        "expected InvalidPassphrase, got {error:?}"
-    );
-
-    let unsealed = actors
-        .vault_coordinator
-        .ask(ContributeUnseal {
-            operator_id: operators[0],
-            passphrase: passphrase(7),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect("the operator may retry with the correct passphrase");
-    assert!(unsealed, "the retry should unseal the vault");
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/vault/lifecycle.rs

@@ -3,30 +3,30 @@ use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 use arbiter_server::{
     actors::{
         GlobalActors,
-        vault::{Error, Vault},
+        vault::{Error, GetState, Vault, VaultState},
-    },
+        vault_coordinator::{
-    crypto::{
+            ContributeBootstrap, ContributeRecoveryBootstrap, ContributeRecoveryUnseal,
-        KeyCell,
+            Error as CoordinatorError, StartBootstrap, VaultCoordinator,
-        encryption::v1::{Nonce, ROOT_KEY_TAG},
+        },
     },
+    crypto::{KeyCell, encryption::v1::{Nonce, ROOT_KEY_TAG}},
     db::{self, models, schema},
 };
 
-use diesel::{QueryDsl, SelectableHelper};
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods, QueryDsl, SelectableHelper, insert_into};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
-
+use kameo::actor::Spawn as _;
-const TEST_AAD: &[u8] = b"test-aad";
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
-async fn bootstrap() {
+async fn test_bootstrap() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
     let seal_key = KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]);
-    actor.bootstrap(seal_key, None).await.unwrap();
+    actor.bootstrap(seal_key).await.unwrap();
 
     let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
     let row: models::RootKeyHistory = schema::root_key_history::table
@@ -44,25 +44,25 @@ async fn bootstrap() {
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
-async fn bootstrap_rejects_double() {
+async fn test_bootstrap_rejects_double() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
 
     let seal_key2 = KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]);
-    let err = actor.bootstrap(seal_key2, None).await.unwrap_err();
+    let err = actor.bootstrap(seal_key2).await.unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::AlreadyBootstrapped));
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
-async fn create_new_before_bootstrap_fails() {
+async fn test_create_new_before_bootstrap_fails() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let mut actor = Vault::new(db, GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
     let err = actor
-        .create_new(SafeCell::new(b"data".to_vec()), TEST_AAD.to_vec())
+        .create_new(SafeCell::new(b"data".to_vec()))
         .await
         .unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::NotBootstrapped));
@@ -70,19 +70,19 @@ async fn create_new_before_bootstrap_fails() {
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
-async fn decrypt_before_bootstrap_fails() {
+async fn test_decrypt_before_bootstrap_fails() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let mut actor = Vault::new(db, GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
-    let err = actor.decrypt(1, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap_err();
+    let err = actor.decrypt(1).await.unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::NotBootstrapped));
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
-async fn new_restores_sealed_state() {
+async fn test_new_restores_sealed_state() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
     drop(actor);
@@ -90,19 +90,19 @@ async fn new_restores_sealed_state() {
     let mut actor2 = Vault::new(db, GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
         .await
         .unwrap();
-    let err = actor2.decrypt(1, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap_err();
+    let err = actor2.decrypt(1).await.unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::Sealed));
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
-async fn unseal_correct_password() {
+async fn test_unseal_correct_password() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
 
     let plaintext = b"survive a restart";
     let aead_id = actor
-        .create_new(SafeCell::new(plaintext.to_vec()), TEST_AAD.to_vec())
+        .create_new(SafeCell::new(plaintext.to_vec()))
         .await
         .unwrap();
     drop(actor);
@@ -113,19 +113,19 @@ async fn unseal_correct_password() {
     let seal_key = KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]);
     actor.try_unseal(seal_key).await.unwrap();
 
-    let mut decrypted = actor.decrypt(aead_id, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap();
+    let mut decrypted = actor.decrypt(aead_id).await.unwrap();
     assert_eq!(*decrypted.read(), plaintext);
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
-async fn unseal_wrong_then_correct_password() {
+async fn test_unseal_wrong_then_correct_password() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
 
     let plaintext = b"important data";
     let aead_id = actor
-        .create_new(SafeCell::new(plaintext.to_vec()), TEST_AAD.to_vec())
+        .create_new(SafeCell::new(plaintext.to_vec()))
         .await
         .unwrap();
     drop(actor);
@@ -141,6 +141,130 @@ async fn unseal_wrong_then_correct_password() {
     let good_key = KeyCell::from([0u8; 32]);
     actor.try_unseal(good_key).await.unwrap();
 
-    let mut decrypted = actor.decrypt(aead_id, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap();
+    let mut decrypted = actor.decrypt(aead_id).await.unwrap();
     assert_eq!(*decrypted.read(), plaintext);
 }
+
+#[tokio::test]
+#[test_log::test]
+async fn two_operator_vault_requires_recovery_share() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let bus = GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus();
+    let vault_ref = Vault::spawn(Vault::new(db.clone(), bus).await.unwrap());
+    let coordinator = VaultCoordinator::spawn(VaultCoordinator::new(db, vault_ref));
+
+    let err = coordinator
+        .ask(StartBootstrap {
+            operator_id: 1,
+            declared_count: 2,
+            recovery_count: 0,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap_err();
+
+    assert!(
+        matches!(
+            err,
+            kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(CoordinatorError::TwoOperatorsRequireRecovery)
+        ),
+        "expected TwoOperatorsRequireRecovery, got {err:?}"
+    );
+}
+
+/// §3.4: Bootstrap with 1 ordinary + 1 recovery operator produces a valid 1-of-2 Shamir split.
+/// Both ordinary and recovery shares are stored; the vault can be unsealed with either one.
+#[tokio::test]
+#[test_log::test]
+async fn recovery_share_stored_and_used_for_unseal() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let bus = GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus();
+    let vault_ref = Vault::spawn(Vault::new(db.clone(), bus).await.unwrap());
+    let coordinator = VaultCoordinator::spawn(VaultCoordinator::new(db.clone(), vault_ref.clone()));
+
+    // Register one ordinary operator and one recovery operator in the DB
+    let ordinary_id: i32 = {
+        let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+        insert_into(schema::operator_identity::table)
+            .values(schema::operator_identity::public_key.eq(vec![1u8; 32]))
+            .returning(schema::operator_identity::id)
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+    };
+    let recovery_id: i32 = {
+        let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+        insert_into(schema::recovery_operator_identity::table)
+            .values(schema::recovery_operator_identity::public_key.eq(vec![2u8; 32]))
+            .returning(schema::recovery_operator_identity::id)
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+    };
+
+    // Declare committee: 1 ordinary + 1 recovery
+    coordinator
+        .ask(StartBootstrap {
+            operator_id: ordinary_id,
+            declared_count: 1,
+            recovery_count: 1,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // Recovery operator contributes first — bootstrap should not finalize yet
+    let done = coordinator
+        .ask(ContributeRecoveryBootstrap {
+            recovery_operator_id: recovery_id,
+            passphrase: SafeCell::new(b"recovery-pass".to_vec()),
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    assert!(!done, "should not finalize with only recovery passphrase");
+
+    // Ordinary operator contributes — now bootstrap finalizes
+    let done = coordinator
+        .ask(ContributeBootstrap {
+            operator_id: ordinary_id,
+            passphrase: SafeCell::new(b"ordinary-pass".to_vec()),
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    assert!(done, "should finalize once all contributors are in");
+
+    // After bootstrap, vault is Unsealed (seal key still in memory).
+    let state = vault_ref.ask(GetState {}).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state, VaultState::Unsealed);
+
+    // Verify recovery_operator row was created
+    let recovery_share_count: i64 = {
+        let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+        schema::recovery_operator::table
+            .count()
+            .get_result(&mut conn)
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+    };
+    assert_eq!(recovery_share_count, 1);
+
+    // Simulate restart: drop vault and coordinator, create fresh vault (comes up Sealed).
+    drop(coordinator);
+    drop(vault_ref);
+    let bus2 = GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus();
+    let vault_ref2 = Vault::spawn(Vault::new(db.clone(), bus2).await.unwrap());
+    let state = vault_ref2.ask(GetState {}).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state, VaultState::Sealed);
+
+    // §3.5: Unseal using ONLY the recovery operator share (threshold = shamir_threshold(1) = 1).
+    let coordinator2 = VaultCoordinator::spawn(VaultCoordinator::new(db.clone(), vault_ref2.clone()));
+    let done = coordinator2
+        .ask(ContributeRecoveryUnseal {
+            recovery_operator_id: recovery_id,
+            passphrase: SafeCell::new(b"recovery-pass".to_vec()),
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    assert!(done, "recovery share alone should satisfy threshold");
+
+    let state = vault_ref2.ask(GetState {}).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state, VaultState::Unsealed);
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/vault/storage.rs

@@ -10,47 +10,45 @@ use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl, SelectableHelper, dsl::update};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 
-const TEST_AAD: &[u8] = b"test-aad";
-
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
-async fn create_decrypt_roundtrip() {
+async fn test_create_decrypt_roundtrip() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
 
     let plaintext = b"hello arbiter";
     let aead_id = actor
-        .create_new(SafeCell::new(plaintext.to_vec()), TEST_AAD.to_vec())
+        .create_new(SafeCell::new(plaintext.to_vec()))
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
-    let mut decrypted = actor.decrypt(aead_id, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap();
+    let mut decrypted = actor.decrypt(aead_id).await.unwrap();
     assert_eq!(*decrypted.read(), plaintext);
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
-async fn decrypt_nonexistent_returns_not_found() {
+async fn test_decrypt_nonexistent_returns_not_found() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
 
-    let err = actor.decrypt(9999, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap_err();
+    let err = actor.decrypt(9999).await.unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::NotFound));
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
-async fn ciphertext_differs_across_entries() {
+async fn test_ciphertext_differs_across_entries() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
 
     let plaintext = b"same content";
     let id1 = actor
-        .create_new(SafeCell::new(plaintext.to_vec()), TEST_AAD.to_vec())
+        .create_new(SafeCell::new(plaintext.to_vec()))
         .await
         .unwrap();
     let id2 = actor
-        .create_new(SafeCell::new(plaintext.to_vec()), TEST_AAD.to_vec())
+        .create_new(SafeCell::new(plaintext.to_vec()))
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
@@ -70,22 +68,22 @@ async fn ciphertext_differs_across_entries() {
 
     assert_ne!(row1.ciphertext, row2.ciphertext);
 
-    let mut d1 = actor.decrypt(id1, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap();
+    let mut d1 = actor.decrypt(id1).await.unwrap();
-    let mut d2 = actor.decrypt(id2, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap();
+    let mut d2 = actor.decrypt(id2).await.unwrap();
     assert_eq!(*d1.read(), plaintext);
     assert_eq!(*d2.read(), plaintext);
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
-async fn nonce_never_reused() {
+async fn test_nonce_never_reused() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
 
     let n = 5;
     for i in 0..n {
         actor
-            .create_new(SafeCell::new(format!("secret {i}").into_bytes()), TEST_AAD.to_vec())
+            .create_new(SafeCell::new(format!("secret {i}").into_bytes()))
             .await
             .unwrap();
     }
@@ -139,7 +137,7 @@ async fn broken_db_nonce_format_fails_closed() {
     drop(conn);
 
     let err = actor
-        .create_new(SafeCell::new(b"must fail".to_vec()), TEST_AAD.to_vec())
+        .create_new(SafeCell::new(b"must fail".to_vec()))
         .await
         .unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::BrokenDatabase));
@@ -147,7 +145,7 @@ async fn broken_db_nonce_format_fails_closed() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
     let id = actor
-        .create_new(SafeCell::new(b"decrypt target".to_vec()), TEST_AAD.to_vec())
+        .create_new(SafeCell::new(b"decrypt target".to_vec()))
         .await
         .unwrap();
     let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
@@ -158,6 +156,6 @@ async fn broken_db_nonce_format_fails_closed() {
         .unwrap();
     drop(conn);
 
-    let err = actor.decrypt(id, TEST_AAD.to_vec()).await.unwrap_err();
+    let err = actor.decrypt(id).await.unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::BrokenDatabase));
 }