feat(integrity): introduce sealed provenance markers for Verified

AGENTS.md

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ cargo insta review
 The server is actor-based using the **kameo** crate. All long-lived state lives in `GlobalActors`:
 
 - **`Bootstrapper`** — Manages the one-time bootstrap token written to `~/.arbiter/bootstrap_token` on first run.
-- **`Vault`** — Holds the encrypted root key and manages the Sealed/Unsealed vault state machine. On unseal, decrypts the root key into a `memsafe` hardened memory cell.
+- **`KeyHolder`** — Holds the encrypted root key and manages the Sealed/Unsealed vault state machine. On unseal, decrypts the root key into a `memsafe` hardened memory cell.
 - **`FlowCoordinator`** — Coordinates cross-connection flow between user agents and SDK clients.
 - **`EvmActor`** — Handles EVM transaction policy enforcement and signing.
 

CLAUDE.md

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ cargo insta review
 The server is actor-based using the **kameo** crate. All long-lived state lives in `GlobalActors`:
 
 - **`Bootstrapper`** — Manages the one-time bootstrap token written to `~/.arbiter/bootstrap_token` on first run.
-- **`Vault`** — Holds the encrypted root key and manages the Sealed/Unsealed vault state machine. On unseal, decrypts the root key into a `memsafe` hardened memory cell.
+- **`KeyHolder`** — Holds the encrypted root key and manages the Sealed/Unsealed vault state machine. On unseal, decrypts the root key into a `memsafe` hardened memory cell.
 - **`FlowCoordinator`** — Coordinates cross-connection flow between user agents and SDK clients.
 - **`EvmActor`** — Handles EVM transaction policy enforcement and signing.
 

IMPLEMENTATION.md

@@ -67,14 +67,18 @@ The `program_client.nonce` column stores the **next usable nonce** — i.e. it i
 ## Cryptography
 
 ### Authentication
-- **Client protocol:** ML-DSA
+- **Client protocol:** ed25519
 
 ### User-Agent Authentication
 
 User-agent authentication supports multiple signature schemes because platform-provided "hardware-bound" keys do not expose a uniform algorithm across operating systems and hardware.
 
-- **Supported schemes:** ML-DSA
+- **Supported schemes:** RSA, Ed25519, ECDSA (secp256k1)
-- **Why:** Secure Enclave (MacOS) support them natively, on other platforms we could emulate while they roll-out
+- **Why:** the user agent authenticates with keys backed by platform facilities, and those facilities differ by platform
+- **Apple Silicon Secure Enclave / Secure Element:** ECDSA-only in practice
+- **Windows Hello / TPM 2.0:** currently RSA-backed in our integration
+
+This is why the user-agent auth protocol carries an explicit `KeyType`, while the SDK client protocol remains fixed to ed25519.
 
 ### Encryption at Rest
 - **Scheme:** Symmetric AEAD — currently **XChaCha20-Poly1305**

mise.lock

@@ -72,10 +72,6 @@ backend = "cargo:diesel_cli"
 default-features = "false"
 features = "sqlite,sqlite-bundled"
 
-[[tools."cargo:flutter_rust_bridge_codegen"]]
-version = "2.12.0"
-backend = "cargo:flutter_rust_bridge_codegen"
-
 [[tools.flutter]]
 version = "3.38.9-stable"
 backend = "asdf:flutter"

mise.toml

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ python = "3.14.3"
 ast-grep = "0.42.0"
 "cargo:cargo-edit" = "0.13.9"
 "cargo:cargo-mutants" = "27.0.0"
-"cargo:flutter_rust_bridge_codegen" = "2.12.0"
 
 [tasks.codegen]
 sources = ['protobufs/*.proto', 'protobufs/**/*.proto']

protobufs/user_agent/auth.proto

@@ -2,9 +2,17 @@ syntax = "proto3";
 
 package arbiter.user_agent.auth;
 
+enum KeyType {
+  KEY_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  KEY_TYPE_ED25519 = 1;
+  KEY_TYPE_ECDSA_SECP256K1 = 2;
+  KEY_TYPE_RSA = 3;
+}
+
 message AuthChallengeRequest {
   bytes pubkey = 1;
   optional string bootstrap_token = 2;
+  KeyType key_type = 3;
 }
 
 message AuthChallenge {

server/Cargo.toml

@@ -20,12 +20,13 @@ tokio = { version = "1.50.0", features = ["full"] }
 ed25519-dalek = { version = "3.0.0-pre.6", features = ["rand_core"] }
 chrono = { version = "0.4.44", features = ["serde"] }
 rand = "0.10.0"
-rustls = { version = "0.23.37", features = ["aws-lc-rs", "logging", "prefer-post-quantum", "std"], default-features = false }
+rustls = { version = "0.23.37", features = ["aws-lc-rs"] }
 smlang = "0.8.0"
 thiserror = "2.0.18"
 async-trait = "0.1.89"
 futures = "0.3.32"
 tokio-stream = { version = "0.1.18", features = ["full"] }
+kameo = "0.19.2"
 prost-types = { version = "0.14.3", features = ["chrono"] }
 x25519-dalek = { version = "2.0.1", features = ["getrandom"] }
 rstest = "0.26.1"
@@ -44,8 +45,3 @@ spki = "0.7"
 prost = "0.14.3"
 miette = { version = "7.6.0", features = ["fancy", "serde"] }
 mutants = "0.0.4"
-ml-dsa = { version = "0.1.0-rc.8", features = ["zeroize"] }
-base64 = "0.22.1"
-kameo = {git = "https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git", rev = "805b417"}
-kameo_actors = {git = "https://github.com/hdbg/kameo.git", rev = "805b417"}
-

server/crates/arbiter-client/Cargo.toml

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ evm = ["dep:alloy"]
 
 [dependencies]
 arbiter-proto.path = "../arbiter-proto"
-arbiter-crypto.path = "../arbiter-crypto"
 alloy = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 tonic.workspace = true
 tonic.features = ["tls-aws-lc"]
 tokio.workspace = true
 tokio-stream.workspace = true
+ed25519-dalek.workspace = true
 thiserror.workspace = true
 http = "1.4.0"
 rustls-webpki = { version = "0.103.10", features = ["aws-lc-rs"] }

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/auth.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::authn::{CLIENT_CONTEXT, SigningKey, format_challenge};
 use arbiter_proto::{
-    ClientMetadata,
+    ClientMetadata, format_challenge,
     proto::{
         client::{
             ClientRequest,
@@ -15,6 +14,7 @@ use arbiter_proto::{
         shared::ClientInfo as ProtoClientInfo,
     },
 };
+use ed25519_dalek::Signer as _;
 
 use crate::{
     storage::StorageError,
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ fn map_auth_result(code: i32) -> AuthError {
 async fn send_auth_challenge_request(
     transport: &mut ClientTransport,
     metadata: ClientMetadata,
-    key: &SigningKey,
+    key: &ed25519_dalek::SigningKey,
 ) -> std::result::Result<(), AuthError> {
     transport
         .send(ClientRequest {
             request_id: next_request_id(),
             payload: Some(ClientRequestPayload::Auth(proto_auth::Request {
                 payload: Some(AuthRequestPayload::ChallengeRequest(AuthChallengeRequest {
-                    pubkey: key.public_key().to_bytes(),
+                    pubkey: key.verifying_key().to_bytes().to_vec(),
                     client_info: Some(ProtoClientInfo {
                         name: metadata.name,
                         description: metadata.description,
@@ -95,14 +95,11 @@ async fn receive_auth_challenge(
 
 async fn send_auth_challenge_solution(
     transport: &mut ClientTransport,
-    key: &SigningKey,
+    key: &ed25519_dalek::SigningKey,
     challenge: AuthChallenge,
 ) -> std::result::Result<(), AuthError> {
     let challenge_payload = format_challenge(challenge.nonce, &challenge.pubkey);
-    let signature = key
+    let signature = key.sign(&challenge_payload).to_bytes().to_vec();
-        .sign_message(&challenge_payload, CLIENT_CONTEXT)
-        .map_err(|_| AuthError::UnexpectedAuthResponse)?
-        .to_bytes();
 
     transport
         .send(ClientRequest {
@@ -143,7 +140,7 @@ async fn receive_auth_confirmation(
 pub(crate) async fn authenticate(
     transport: &mut ClientTransport,
     metadata: ClientMetadata,
-    key: &SigningKey,
+    key: &ed25519_dalek::SigningKey,
 ) -> std::result::Result<(), AuthError> {
     send_auth_challenge_request(transport, metadata, key).await?;
     let challenge = receive_auth_challenge(transport).await?;

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/client.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::authn::SigningKey;
 use arbiter_proto::{
     ClientMetadata, proto::arbiter_service_client::ArbiterServiceClient, url::ArbiterUrl,
 };
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ impl ArbiterClient {
     pub async fn connect_with_key(
         url: ArbiterUrl,
         metadata: ClientMetadata,
-        key: SigningKey,
+        key: ed25519_dalek::SigningKey,
     ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
         let anchor = webpki::anchor_from_trusted_cert(&url.ca_cert)?.to_owned();
         let tls = ClientTlsConfig::new().trust_anchor(anchor);

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/storage.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::authn::SigningKey;
 use arbiter_proto::home_path;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ pub enum StorageError {
 }
 
 pub trait SigningKeyStorage {
-    fn load_or_create(&self) -> std::result::Result<SigningKey, StorageError>;
+    fn load_or_create(&self) -> std::result::Result<ed25519_dalek::SigningKey, StorageError>;
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ pub struct FileSigningKeyStorage {
 }
 
 impl FileSigningKeyStorage {
-    pub const DEFAULT_FILE_NAME: &str = "sdk_client_ml_dsa.key";
+    pub const DEFAULT_FILE_NAME: &str = "sdk_client_ed25519.key";
 
     pub fn new(path: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> Self {
         Self { path: path.into() }
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ impl FileSigningKeyStorage {
         Ok(Self::new(home_path()?.join(Self::DEFAULT_FILE_NAME)))
     }
 
-    fn read_key(path: &Path) -> std::result::Result<SigningKey, StorageError> {
+    fn read_key(path: &Path) -> std::result::Result<ed25519_dalek::SigningKey, StorageError> {
         let bytes = std::fs::read(path)?;
         let raw: [u8; 32] =
             bytes
@@ -40,12 +39,12 @@ impl FileSigningKeyStorage {
                     expected: 32,
                     actual: v.len(),
                 })?;
-        Ok(SigningKey::from_seed(raw))
+        Ok(ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::from_bytes(&raw))
     }
 }
 
 impl SigningKeyStorage for FileSigningKeyStorage {
-    fn load_or_create(&self) -> std::result::Result<SigningKey, StorageError> {
+    fn load_or_create(&self) -> std::result::Result<ed25519_dalek::SigningKey, StorageError> {
         if let Some(parent) = self.path.parent() {
             std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
         }
@@ -54,8 +53,8 @@ impl SigningKeyStorage for FileSigningKeyStorage {
             return Self::read_key(&self.path);
         }
 
-        let key = SigningKey::generate();
+        let key = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rand::rng());
-        let raw_key = key.to_seed();
+        let raw_key = key.to_bytes();
 
         // Use create_new to prevent accidental overwrite if another process creates the key first.
         match std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ mod tests {
             .load_or_create()
             .expect("second load_or_create should read same key");
 
-        assert_eq!(key_a.to_seed(), key_b.to_seed());
+        assert_eq!(key_a.to_bytes(), key_b.to_bytes());
         assert!(path.exists());
 
         std::fs::remove_file(path).expect("temp key file should be removable");

server/crates/arbiter-client/src/wallets/evm.rs

@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@ pub struct ArbiterEvmWallet {
 }
 
 impl ArbiterEvmWallet {
+    #[expect(
+        dead_code,
+        reason = "constructor may be used in future extensions, e.g. to support wallet listing"
+    )]
     pub(crate) fn new(transport: Arc<Mutex<ClientTransport>>, address: Address) -> Self {
         Self {
             transport,

server/crates/arbiter-crypto/.gitignore

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-/target

server/crates/arbiter-crypto/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "arbiter-crypto"
-version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2024"
-
-[dependencies]
-ml-dsa = {workspace = true, optional = true }
-rand = {workspace = true, optional = true}
-base64 = {workspace = true, optional = true }
-memsafe = {version = "0.4.0", optional = true}
-x-wing = { version = "0.1.0-rc.0", features = ["zeroize"] }
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[features]
-default = ["authn", "safecell"]
-authn = ["dep:ml-dsa", "dep:rand", "dep:base64"]
-safecell = ["dep:memsafe"]

server/crates/arbiter-crypto/src/authn/mod.rs

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-pub mod v1;
-pub use v1::*;

server/crates/arbiter-crypto/src/authn/v1.rs

@@ -1,194 +0,0 @@
-use std::hash::Hash;
-
-use base64::{Engine as _, prelude::BASE64_STANDARD};
-use ml_dsa::{
-    EncodedVerifyingKey, Error, KeyGen, MlDsa87, Seed, Signature as MlDsaSignature,
-    SigningKey as MlDsaSigningKey, VerifyingKey as MlDsaVerifyingKey, signature::Keypair as _,
-};
-
-pub static CLIENT_CONTEXT: &[u8] = b"arbiter_client";
-pub static USERAGENT_CONTEXT: &[u8] = b"arbiter_user_agent";
-
-pub fn format_challenge(nonce: i32, pubkey: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let concat_form = format!("{}:{}", nonce, BASE64_STANDARD.encode(pubkey));
-    concat_form.into_bytes()
-}
-
-pub type KeyParams = MlDsa87;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct PublicKey(Box<MlDsaVerifyingKey<KeyParams>>);
-
-impl Hash for PublicKey {
-    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
-        self.to_bytes().hash(state);
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Signature(Box<MlDsaSignature<KeyParams>>);
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct SigningKey(Box<MlDsaSigningKey<KeyParams>>);
-
-impl PublicKey {
-    pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        self.0.encode().to_vec()
-    }
-
-    pub fn verify(&self, nonce: i32, context: &[u8], signature: &Signature) -> bool {
-        self.0.verify_with_context(
-            &format_challenge(nonce, &self.to_bytes()),
-            context,
-            &signature.0,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl Signature {
-    pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        self.0.encode().to_vec()
-    }
-}
-
-impl SigningKey {
-    pub fn generate() -> Self {
-        Self(Box::new(KeyParams::key_gen(&mut rand::rng())))
-    }
-
-    pub fn from_seed(seed: [u8; 32]) -> Self {
-        Self(Box::new(KeyParams::from_seed(&Seed::from(seed))))
-    }
-
-    pub fn to_seed(&self) -> [u8; 32] {
-        self.0.to_seed().into()
-    }
-
-    pub fn public_key(&self) -> PublicKey {
-        self.0.verifying_key().into()
-    }
-
-    pub fn sign_message(&self, message: &[u8], context: &[u8]) -> Result<Signature, Error> {
-        self.0
-            .signing_key()
-            .sign_deterministic(message, context)
-            .map(Into::into)
-    }
-
-    pub fn sign_challenge(&self, nonce: i32, context: &[u8]) -> Result<Signature, Error> {
-        self.sign_message(
-            &format_challenge(nonce, &self.public_key().to_bytes()),
-            context,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<MlDsaVerifyingKey<KeyParams>> for PublicKey {
-    fn from(value: MlDsaVerifyingKey<KeyParams>) -> Self {
-        Self(Box::new(value))
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<MlDsaSignature<KeyParams>> for Signature {
-    fn from(value: MlDsaSignature<KeyParams>) -> Self {
-        Self(Box::new(value))
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<MlDsaSigningKey<KeyParams>> for SigningKey {
-    fn from(value: MlDsaSigningKey<KeyParams>) -> Self {
-        Self(Box::new(value))
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<Vec<u8>> for PublicKey {
-    type Error = ();
-
-    fn try_from(value: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        Self::try_from(value.as_slice())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<&'_ [u8]> for PublicKey {
-    type Error = ();
-
-    fn try_from(value: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        let encoded = EncodedVerifyingKey::<KeyParams>::try_from(value).map_err(|_| ())?;
-        Ok(Self(Box::new(MlDsaVerifyingKey::decode(&encoded))))
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<Vec<u8>> for Signature {
-    type Error = ();
-
-    fn try_from(value: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        Self::try_from(value.as_slice())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<&'_ [u8]> for Signature {
-    type Error = ();
-
-    fn try_from(value: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        MlDsaSignature::try_from(value)
-            .map(|sig| Self(Box::new(sig)))
-            .map_err(|_| ())
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use ml_dsa::{KeyGen, MlDsa87, signature::Keypair as _};
-
-    use super::{CLIENT_CONTEXT, PublicKey, Signature, SigningKey, USERAGENT_CONTEXT};
-
-    #[test]
-    fn public_key_round_trip_decodes() {
-        let key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
-        let encoded = PublicKey::from(key.verifying_key()).to_bytes();
-
-        let decoded = PublicKey::try_from(encoded.as_slice()).expect("public key should decode");
-
-        assert_eq!(decoded, PublicKey::from(key.verifying_key()));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn signature_round_trip_decodes() {
-        let key = SigningKey::generate();
-        let signature = key
-            .sign_message(b"challenge", CLIENT_CONTEXT)
-            .expect("signature should be created");
-
-        let decoded =
-            Signature::try_from(signature.to_bytes().as_slice()).expect("signature should decode");
-
-        assert_eq!(decoded, signature);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn challenge_verification_uses_context_and_canonical_key_bytes() {
-        let key = SigningKey::generate();
-        let public_key = key.public_key();
-        let nonce = 17;
-        let signature = key
-            .sign_challenge(nonce, CLIENT_CONTEXT)
-            .expect("signature should be created");
-
-        assert!(public_key.verify(nonce, CLIENT_CONTEXT, &signature));
-        assert!(!public_key.verify(nonce, USERAGENT_CONTEXT, &signature));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn signing_key_round_trip_seed_preserves_public_key_and_signing() {
-        let original = SigningKey::generate();
-        let restored = SigningKey::from_seed(original.to_seed());
-
-        assert_eq!(restored.public_key(), original.public_key());
-
-        let signature = restored
-            .sign_challenge(9, CLIENT_CONTEXT)
-            .expect("signature should be created");
-
-        assert!(restored.public_key().verify(9, CLIENT_CONTEXT, &signature));
-    }
-}

server/crates/arbiter-crypto/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#[cfg(feature = "authn")]
-pub mod authn;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "safecell")]
-pub mod safecell;
-
-pub use x_wing;

server/crates/arbiter-proto/Cargo.toml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ url = "2.5.8"
 miette.workspace = true
 thiserror.workspace = true
 rustls-pki-types.workspace = true
-base64.workspace = true
+base64 = "0.22.1"
 prost-types.workspace = true
 tracing.workspace = true
 async-trait.workspace = true

server/crates/arbiter-proto/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 pub mod transport;
 pub mod url;
 
+use base64::{Engine, prelude::BASE64_STANDARD};
+
 pub mod proto {
     tonic::include_proto!("arbiter");
 
@@ -82,3 +84,8 @@ pub fn home_path() -> Result<std::path::PathBuf, std::io::Error> {
 
     Ok(arbiter_home)
 }
+
+pub fn format_challenge(nonce: i32, pubkey: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let concat_form = format!("{}:{}", nonce, BASE64_STANDARD.encode(pubkey));
+    concat_form.into_bytes()
+}

server/crates/arbiter-proto/src/transport.rs

@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use kameo::{error::Infallible, prelude::*};
 
 /// Errors returned by transport adapters implementing [`Bi`].
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
@@ -107,36 +106,6 @@ pub trait Receiver<Inbound>: Send + Sync {
 /// any built-in correlation mechanism between inbound and outbound items.
 pub trait Bi<Inbound, Outbound>: Sender<Outbound> + Receiver<Inbound> + Send + Sync {}
 
-#[async_trait]
-impl<T, Outbound> Sender<Outbound> for &mut T
-where
-    T: Sender<Outbound> + ?Sized,
-    Outbound: Send + 'static,
-{
-    async fn send(&mut self, item: Outbound) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        (**self).send(item).await
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl<T, Inbound> Receiver<Inbound> for &mut T
-where
-    T: Receiver<Inbound> + ?Sized,
-    Inbound: Send + 'static,
-{
-    async fn recv(&mut self) -> Option<Inbound> {
-        (**self).recv().await
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T, Inbound, Outbound> Bi<Inbound, Outbound> for &mut T
-where
-    T: Bi<Inbound, Outbound> + ?Sized,
-    Inbound: Send + 'static,
-    Outbound: Send + 'static,
-{
-}
-
 pub trait SplittableBi<Inbound, Outbound>: Bi<Inbound, Outbound> {
     type Sender: Sender<Outbound>;
     type Receiver: Receiver<Inbound>;
@@ -192,29 +161,3 @@ where
 }
 
 pub mod grpc;
-
-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-pub enum ForwardError<I> {
-    #[error("Transport error: {0}")]
-    Transport(#[from] Error),
-    #[error("Actor delivery error: {0}")]
-    Actor(SendError<I>),
-}
-
-pub async fn forward_to_actor<Transport, Inbound, Outbound, Handler>(
-    transport: &mut Transport,
-    actor: &ActorRef<Handler>,
-) -> Result<(), ForwardError<Inbound>>
-where
-    Transport: Bi<Inbound, <Outbound as Reply>::Ok>,
-    Handler: Actor + Message<Inbound, Reply = Outbound>,
-    Inbound: Send + 'static,
-    Outbound: Send + 'static + Reply<Error = Infallible>, // `Infallible` to enforce contract that `Outbound` carries handler-level error
-{
-    while let Some(request) = transport.recv().await {
-        let resp = actor.ask(request).await.map_err(ForwardError::Actor)?;
-        transport.send(resp).await?
-    }
-
-    Err(Error::ChannelClosed.into())
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/Cargo.toml

@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ diesel-async = { version = "0.8.0", features = [
     "sqlite",
     "tokio",
 ] }
+ed25519-dalek.workspace = true
+ed25519-dalek.features = ["serde"]
 arbiter-proto.path = "../arbiter-proto"
-arbiter-crypto.path = "../arbiter-crypto"
 tracing.workspace = true
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
 tonic.workspace = true
@@ -36,13 +37,19 @@ dashmap = "6.1.0"
 rand.workspace = true
 rcgen.workspace = true
 chrono.workspace = true
+memsafe = "0.4.0"
 zeroize = { version = "1.8.2", features = ["std", "simd"] }
 kameo.workspace = true
+x25519-dalek.workspace = true
 chacha20poly1305 = { version = "0.10.1", features = ["std"] }
 argon2 = { version = "0.5.3", features = ["zeroize"] }
 restructed = "0.2.2"
 strum = { version = "0.28.0", features = ["derive"] }
 pem = "3.0.6"
+k256.workspace = true
+k256.features = ["serde"]
+rsa.workspace = true
+rsa.features = ["serde"]
 sha2.workspace = true
 hmac = "0.12"
 spki.workspace = true
@@ -54,11 +61,8 @@ anyhow = "1.0.102"
 serde_with = "3.18.0"
 mutants.workspace = true
 subtle = "2.6.1"
-ml-dsa.workspace = true
+macro_rules_attribute = "0.2.2"
-ed25519-dalek.workspace = true
+paste = "1.0.15"
-x25519-dalek.workspace = true
-k256.workspace = true
-kameo_actors.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 insta = "1.46.3"

server/crates/arbiter-server/migrations/2026-02-14-171124-0000_init/up.sql

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ create table if not exists useragent_client (
     id integer not null primary key,
     nonce integer not null default(1), -- used for auth challenge
     public_key blob not null,
-    key_type integer not null default(1),
+    key_type integer not null default(1), -- 1=Ed25519, 2=ECDSA(secp256k1)
     created_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now')),
     updated_at integer not null default(unixepoch ('now'))
 ) STRICT;

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/client/auth.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::authn::{self, CLIENT_CONTEXT};
 use arbiter_proto::{
-    ClientMetadata,
+    ClientMetadata, format_challenge,
     transport::{Bi, expect_message},
 };
 use chrono::Utc;
@@ -9,16 +8,17 @@ use diesel::{
     dsl::insert_into, update,
 };
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl as _;
+use ed25519_dalek::{Signature, VerifyingKey};
 use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, error::SendError};
 use tracing::error;
 
 use crate::{
     actors::{
-        GlobalActors,
+        client::{ClientConnection, ClientCredentials, ClientProfile},
         flow_coordinator::{self, RequestClientApproval},
-        vault::Vault,
+        keyholder::KeyHolder,
     },
-    crypto::integrity::{self, Nested, Verified},
+    crypto::integrity::{self, Verified, verified::VerifiedFieldsAccessor},
     db::{
         self,
         models::{ProgramClientMetadata, SqliteTimestamp},
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ use crate::{
     },
 };
 
-use super::{ClientConnection, ClientCredentials, ClientProfile};
-
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum Error {
     #[error("Database pool unavailable")]
@@ -64,20 +62,17 @@ pub enum ApproveError {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Inbound {
     AuthChallengeRequest {
-        pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
+        pubkey: VerifyingKey,
         metadata: ClientMetadata,
     },
     AuthChallengeSolution {
-        signature: authn::Signature,
+        signature: Signature,
     },
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Outbound {
-    AuthChallenge {
+    AuthChallenge { pubkey: VerifyingKey, nonce: i32 },
-        pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
-        nonce: i32,
-    },
     AuthSuccess,
 }
 
@@ -85,9 +80,9 @@ pub enum Outbound {
 /// Returns `None` if the pubkey is not registered.
 async fn get_current_nonce_and_id(
     db: &db::DatabasePool,
-    pubkey: &authn::PublicKey,
+    pubkey: &VerifyingKey,
 ) -> Result<Option<(i32, i32)>, Error> {
-    let pubkey_bytes = pubkey.to_bytes();
+    let pubkey_bytes = pubkey.as_bytes().to_vec();
     let mut conn = db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
         error!(error = ?e, "Database pool error");
         Error::DatabasePoolUnavailable
@@ -108,11 +103,10 @@ async fn get_current_nonce_and_id(
 /// Returns the new nonce, which is used as the challenge nonce.
 async fn create_nonce(
     db: &db::DatabasePool,
-    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
+    keyholder: &ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
-    pubkey: &authn::PublicKey,
+    pubkey: &VerifyingKey,
 ) -> Result<i32, Error> {
-    let pubkey_bytes = pubkey.to_bytes();
+    let pubkey_bytes = pubkey.as_bytes().to_vec();
-    let pubkey = pubkey.clone();
 
     let mut conn = db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
         error!(error = ?e, "Database pool error");
@@ -120,8 +114,7 @@ async fn create_nonce(
     })?;
 
     conn.exclusive_transaction(|conn| {
-        let vault = vault.clone();
+        let keyholder = keyholder.clone();
-        let pubkey = pubkey.clone();
         Box::pin(async move {
             let (id, new_nonce): (i32, i32) = update(program_client::table)
                 .filter(program_client::public_key.eq(&pubkey_bytes))
@@ -132,9 +125,9 @@ async fn create_nonce(
 
             integrity::sign_entity(
                 conn,
-                &vault,
+                &keyholder,
                 &ClientCredentials {
-                    pubkey: pubkey.clone(),
+                    pubkey: *pubkey,
                     nonce: new_nonce,
                 },
                 id,
@@ -143,7 +136,8 @@ async fn create_nonce(
             .map_err(|e| {
                 error!(?e, "Integrity sign failed after nonce update");
                 Error::DatabaseOperationFailed
-            })?;
+            })?
+            .drop_verification_provenance();
 
             Ok(new_nonce)
         })
@@ -151,7 +145,10 @@ async fn create_nonce(
     .await
 }
 
-async fn approve_new_client(actors: &GlobalActors, profile: ClientProfile) -> Result<(), Error> {
+async fn approve_new_client(
+    actors: &crate::actors::GlobalActors,
+    profile: ClientProfile,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
     let result = actors
         .flow_coordinator
         .ask(RequestClientApproval { client: profile })
@@ -173,12 +170,11 @@ async fn approve_new_client(actors: &GlobalActors, profile: ClientProfile) -> Re
 
 async fn insert_client(
     db: &db::DatabasePool,
-    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
+    keyholder: &ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
-    pubkey: &authn::PublicKey,
+    pubkey: &VerifyingKey,
     metadata: &ClientMetadata,
-) -> Result<Verified<i32, Nested<ClientCredentials>>, Error> {
+) -> Result<Verified<i32>, Error> {
     use crate::db::schema::{client_metadata, program_client};
-    let pubkey = pubkey.clone();
     let metadata = metadata.clone();
 
     let mut conn = db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
@@ -187,8 +183,7 @@ async fn insert_client(
     })?;
 
     conn.exclusive_transaction(|conn| {
-        let vault = vault.clone();
+        let keyholder = keyholder.clone();
-        let pubkey = pubkey.clone();
         Box::pin(async move {
             const NONCE_START: i32 = 1;
 
@@ -204,7 +199,7 @@ async fn insert_client(
 
             let client_id = insert_into(program_client::table)
                 .values((
-                    program_client::public_key.eq(pubkey.to_bytes()),
+                    program_client::public_key.eq(pubkey.as_bytes().to_vec()),
                     program_client::metadata_id.eq(metadata_id),
                     program_client::nonce.eq(NONCE_START),
                 ))
@@ -215,9 +210,9 @@ async fn insert_client(
 
             let verified_id = integrity::sign_entity(
                 conn,
-                &vault,
+                &keyholder,
                 &ClientCredentials {
-                    pubkey: pubkey.clone(),
+                    pubkey: *pubkey,
                     nonce: NONCE_START,
                 },
                 client_id,
@@ -226,7 +221,8 @@ async fn insert_client(
             .map_err(|e| {
                 error!(error = ?e, "Failed to sign integrity tag for new client key");
                 Error::DatabaseOperationFailed
-            })?;
+            })?
+            .unqualify_origin();
 
             Ok(verified_id)
         })
@@ -236,7 +232,7 @@ async fn insert_client(
 
 async fn sync_client_metadata(
     db: &db::DatabasePool,
-    client_id: &Verified<i32, Nested<ClientCredentials>>,
+    client_id: i32,
     metadata: &ClientMetadata,
 ) -> Result<(), Error> {
     use crate::db::schema::{client_metadata, client_metadata_history};
@@ -253,7 +249,7 @@ async fn sync_client_metadata(
         Box::pin(async move {
             let (current_metadata_id, current): (i32, ProgramClientMetadata) =
                 program_client::table
-                    .find(client_id.as_ref())
+                    .find(client_id)
                     .inner_join(client_metadata::table)
                     .select((
                         program_client::metadata_id,
@@ -272,7 +268,7 @@ async fn sync_client_metadata(
             insert_into(client_metadata_history::table)
                 .values((
                     client_metadata_history::metadata_id.eq(current_metadata_id),
-                    client_metadata_history::client_id.eq(client_id.as_ref()),
+                    client_metadata_history::client_id.eq(client_id),
                 ))
                 .execute(conn)
                 .await?;
@@ -287,7 +283,7 @@ async fn sync_client_metadata(
                 .get_result::<i32>(conn)
                 .await?;
 
-            update(program_client::table.find(client_id.as_ref()))
+            update(program_client::table.find(client_id))
                 .set((
                     program_client::metadata_id.eq(metadata_id),
                     program_client::updated_at.eq(now),
@@ -307,17 +303,14 @@ async fn sync_client_metadata(
 
 async fn challenge_client<T>(
     transport: &mut T,
-    pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
+    pubkey: VerifyingKey,
     nonce: i32,
 ) -> Result<(), Error>
 where
     T: Bi<Inbound, Result<Outbound, Error>> + ?Sized,
 {
     transport
-        .send(Ok(Outbound::AuthChallenge {
+        .send(Ok(Outbound::AuthChallenge { pubkey, nonce }))
-            pubkey: pubkey.clone(),
-            nonce,
-        }))
         .await
         .map_err(|e| {
             error!(error = ?e, "Failed to send auth challenge");
@@ -334,10 +327,12 @@ where
         Error::Transport
     })?;
 
-    if !pubkey.verify(nonce, CLIENT_CONTEXT, &signature) {
+    let formatted = format_challenge(nonce, pubkey.as_bytes());
+
+    pubkey.verify_strict(&formatted, &signature).map_err(|_| {
         error!("Challenge solution verification failed");
-        return Err(Error::InvalidChallengeSolution);
+        Error::InvalidChallengeSolution
-    }
+    })?;
 
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -345,7 +340,7 @@ where
 pub async fn authenticate<T>(
     props: &mut ClientConnection,
     transport: &mut T,
-) -> Result<Verified<i32, Nested<ClientCredentials>>, Error>
+) -> Result<Verified<i32>, Error>
 where
     T: Bi<Inbound, Result<Outbound, Error>> + Send + ?Sized,
 {
@@ -353,8 +348,9 @@ where
         return Err(Error::Transport);
     };
 
+    // fixme! triage needed: probable regretion since in match->Some get_current_nonce_and_id called only once instead of twice
     let client_id = match get_current_nonce_and_id(&props.db, &pubkey).await? {
-        Some((id, nonce)) => {
+        Some((nonce, id)) => {
             let mut db_conn = props.db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
                 error!(error = ?e, "Database pool error");
                 Error::DatabasePoolUnavailable
@@ -362,11 +358,8 @@ where
 
             integrity::verify_entity(
                 &mut db_conn,
-                &props.actors.vault,
+                &props.actors.key_holder,
-                ClientCredentials {
+                ClientCredentials { pubkey, nonce },
-                    pubkey: pubkey.clone(),
-                    nonce,
-                },
                 id,
             )
             .await
@@ -374,23 +367,25 @@ where
                 error!(?e, "Integrity verification failed");
                 Error::IntegrityCheckFailed
             })?
+            .inherit()
             .entity_id
+            .unqualify_origin()
         }
         None => {
             approve_new_client(
                 &props.actors,
                 ClientProfile {
-                    pubkey: pubkey.clone(),
+                    pubkey,
                     metadata: metadata.clone(),
                 },
             )
             .await?;
-            insert_client(&props.db, &props.actors.vault, &pubkey, &metadata).await?
+            insert_client(&props.db, &props.actors.key_holder, &pubkey, &metadata).await?
         }
     };
 
-    sync_client_metadata(&props.db, &client_id, &metadata).await?;
+    sync_client_metadata(&props.db, *client_id, &metadata).await?;
-    let challenge_nonce = create_nonce(&props.db, &props.actors.vault, &pubkey).await?;
+    let challenge_nonce = create_nonce(&props.db, &props.actors.key_holder, &pubkey).await?;
     challenge_client(transport, pubkey, challenge_nonce).await?;
 
     transport

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/client/mod.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,21 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::authn;
 use arbiter_proto::{ClientMetadata, transport::Bi};
 use kameo::actor::Spawn;
 use tracing::{error, info};
 
 use crate::{
-    actors::GlobalActors,
+    actors::{GlobalActors, client::session::ClientSession},
     crypto::integrity::{Integrable, hashing::Hashable},
     db,
-    peers::client::session::ClientSession,
 };
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ClientProfile {
-    pub pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
+    pub pubkey: ed25519_dalek::VerifyingKey,
     pub metadata: ClientMetadata,
 }
 
 pub struct ClientCredentials {
-    pub pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
+    pub pubkey: ed25519_dalek::VerifyingKey,
     pub nonce: i32,
 }
 
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ impl Integrable for ClientCredentials {
 
 impl Hashable for ClientCredentials {
     fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-        hasher.update(self.pubkey.to_bytes());
+        hasher.update(self.pubkey.as_bytes());
         self.nonce.hash(hasher);
     }
 }
@@ -50,9 +48,7 @@ pub async fn connect_client<T>(mut props: ClientConnection, transport: &mut T)
 where
     T: Bi<auth::Inbound, Result<auth::Outbound, auth::Error>> + Send + ?Sized,
 {
-    let fut = auth::authenticate(&mut props, transport);
+    match auth::authenticate(&mut props, transport).await {
-    println!("authenticate future size: {}", std::mem::size_of_val(&fut));
-    match fut.await {
         Ok(client_id) => {
             ClientSession::spawn(ClientSession::new(props, client_id));
             info!("Client authenticated, session started");

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/client/session.rs

@@ -5,29 +5,25 @@ use alloy::{consensus::TxEip1559, primitives::Address, signers::Signature};
 
 use crate::{
     actors::{
-        GlobalActors,
+        client::ClientConnection,
         evm::{ClientSignTransaction, SignTransactionError},
         flow_coordinator::RegisterClient,
-        vault::VaultState,
+        keyholder::KeyHolderState,
     },
-    crypto::integrity::{Nested, Verified},
+    crypto::integrity::Verified,
-    db,
     evm::VetError,
 };
 
-use super::ClientConnection;
+#[cfg(test)]
-use super::ClientCredentials;
+use crate::{actors::GlobalActors, db};
 
 pub struct ClientSession {
     props: ClientConnection,
-    client_id: Verified<i32, Nested<ClientCredentials>>,
+    client_id: Verified<i32>,
 }
 
 impl ClientSession {
-    pub(crate) fn new(
+    pub(crate) fn new(props: ClientConnection, client_id: Verified<i32>) -> Self {
-        props: ClientConnection,
-        client_id: Verified<i32, Nested<ClientCredentials>>,
-    ) -> Self {
         Self { props, client_id }
     }
 }
@@ -35,13 +31,13 @@ impl ClientSession {
 #[messages]
 impl ClientSession {
     #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_query_vault_state(&mut self) -> Result<VaultState, Error> {
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_query_vault_state(&mut self) -> Result<KeyHolderState, Error> {
-        use crate::actors::vault::GetState;
+        use crate::actors::keyholder::GetState;
 
-        let vault_state = match self.props.actors.vault.ask(GetState {}).await {
+        let vault_state = match self.props.actors.key_holder.ask(GetState {}).await {
             Ok(state) => state,
             Err(err) => {
-                error!(?err, actor = "client", "vault.query.failed");
+                error!(?err, actor = "client", "keyholder.query.failed");
                 return Err(Error::Internal);
             }
         };
@@ -60,7 +56,7 @@ impl ClientSession {
             .actors
             .evm
             .ask(ClientSignTransaction {
-                client_id: *self.client_id.as_ref(),
+                client_id: *self.client_id,
                 wallet_address,
                 transaction,
             })
@@ -103,7 +99,7 @@ impl ClientSession {
         let props = ClientConnection::new(db, actors);
         Self {
             props,
-            client_id: Verified::new(0),
+            client_id: Verified::new_unchecked(0),
         }
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/evm/mod.rs

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ use kameo::{Actor, actor::ActorRef, messages};
 use rand::{SeedableRng, rng, rngs::StdRng};
 
 use crate::{
-    actors::vault::{CreateNew, Decrypt, Vault},
+    actors::keyholder::{CreateNew, Decrypt, KeyHolder},
-    crypto::integrity,
+    crypto::integrity::{self, Integrable, Verified, hashing::Hashable},
     db::{
         DatabaseError, DatabasePool,
         models::{self},
@@ -21,39 +21,68 @@ use crate::{
             ether_transfer::EtherTransfer, token_transfers::TokenTransfer,
         },
     },
+    safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
 };
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 
 pub use crate::evm::safe_signer;
 
+/// Hashable structure for wallet integrity protection.
+/// Binds the encrypted private key to the wallet address using HMAC.
+pub struct EvmWalletIntegrity {
+    pub address: Vec<u8>,       // 20-byte Ethereum address
+    pub aead_encrypted_id: i32, // Reference to encrypted key material
+}
+
+impl Hashable for EvmWalletIntegrity {
+    fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
+        hasher.update(&self.address);
+        hasher.update(self.aead_encrypted_id.to_be_bytes());
+    }
+}
+
+impl Integrable for EvmWalletIntegrity {
+    const KIND: &'static str = "evm_wallet";
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum SignTransactionError {
     #[error("Wallet not found")]
     WalletNotFound,
 
+    #[error("Wallet integrity check failed")]
+    WalletIntegrityCheckFailed,
+
+    #[error(
+        "Decrypted key does not correspond to wallet address (CRITICAL: possible key substitution attack)"
+    )]
+    KeyAddressMismatch,
+
     #[error("Database error: {0}")]
     Database(#[from] DatabaseError),
 
-    #[error("Vault error: {0}")]
+    #[error("Keyholder error: {0}")]
-    Vault(#[from] crate::actors::vault::Error),
+    Keyholder(#[from] crate::actors::keyholder::Error),
 
-    #[error("Vault mailbox error")]
+    #[error("Keyholder mailbox error")]
-    VaultSend,
+    KeyholderSend,
 
     #[error("Signing error: {0}")]
     Signing(#[from] alloy::signers::Error),
 
     #[error("Policy error: {0}")]
     Vet(#[from] evm::VetError),
+
+    #[error("Integrity error: {0}")]
+    Integrity(#[from] integrity::Error),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum Error {
-    #[error("Vault error: {0}")]
+    #[error("Keyholder error: {0}")]
-    Vault(#[from] crate::actors::vault::Error),
+    Keyholder(#[from] crate::actors::keyholder::Error),
 
-    #[error("Vault mailbox error")]
+    #[error("Keyholder mailbox error")]
-    VaultSend,
+    KeyholderSend,
 
     #[error("Database error: {0}")]
     Database(#[from] DatabaseError),
@@ -64,20 +93,20 @@ pub enum Error {
 
 #[derive(Actor)]
 pub struct EvmActor {
-    pub vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+    pub keyholder: ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
     pub db: DatabasePool,
     pub rng: StdRng,
     pub engine: evm::Engine,
 }
 
 impl EvmActor {
-    pub fn new(vault: ActorRef<Vault>, db: DatabasePool) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(keyholder: ActorRef<KeyHolder>, db: DatabasePool) -> Self {
         // is it safe to seed rng from system once?
         // todo: audit
         let rng = StdRng::from_rng(&mut rng());
-        let engine = evm::Engine::new(db.clone(), vault.clone());
+        let engine = evm::Engine::new(db.clone(), keyholder.clone());
         Self {
-            vault,
+            keyholder,
             db,
             rng,
             engine,
@@ -88,19 +117,19 @@ impl EvmActor {
 #[messages]
 impl EvmActor {
     #[message]
-    pub async fn generate(&mut self) -> Result<(i32, Address), Error> {
+    pub async fn generate(&mut self) -> Result<(Verified<i32>, Address), Error> {
         let (mut key_cell, address) = safe_signer::generate(&mut self.rng);
 
         let plaintext = key_cell.read_inline(|reader| SafeCell::new(reader.to_vec()));
 
         let aead_id: i32 = self
-            .vault
+            .keyholder
             .ask(CreateNew { plaintext })
             .await
-            .map_err(|_| Error::VaultSend)?;
+            .map_err(|_| Error::KeyholderSend)?;
 
         let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
-        let wallet_id = insert_into(schema::evm_wallet::table)
+        let wallet_id: i32 = insert_into(schema::evm_wallet::table)
             .values(&models::NewEvmWallet {
                 address: address.as_slice().to_vec(),
                 aead_encrypted_id: aead_id,
@@ -110,7 +139,17 @@ impl EvmActor {
             .await
             .map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
 
-        Ok((wallet_id, address))
+        // Sign integrity envelope to bind encrypted key to wallet address
+        let wallet_integrity = EvmWalletIntegrity {
+            address: address.as_slice().to_vec(),
+            aead_encrypted_id: aead_id,
+        };
+        let verified_wallet_id =
+            integrity::sign_entity(&mut conn, &self.keyholder, &wallet_integrity, wallet_id)
+                .await?
+                .unqualify_origin();
+
+        Ok((verified_wallet_id, address))
     }
 
     #[message]
@@ -136,7 +175,7 @@ impl EvmActor {
         &mut self,
         basic: SharedGrantSettings,
         grant: SpecificGrant,
-    ) -> Result<i32, Error> {
+    ) -> Result<integrity::Verified<i32>, Error> {
         match grant {
             SpecificGrant::EtherTransfer(settings) => self
                 .engine
@@ -160,7 +199,7 @@ impl EvmActor {
     #[message]
     pub async fn useragent_delete_grant(&mut self, _grant_id: i32) -> Result<(), Error> {
         // let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
-        // let vault = self.vault.clone();
+        // let keyholder = self.keyholder.clone();
 
         // diesel_async::AsyncConnection::transaction(&mut conn, |conn| {
         //     Box::pin(async move {
@@ -207,9 +246,23 @@ impl EvmActor {
             .optional()
             .map_err(DatabaseError::from)?
             .ok_or(SignTransactionError::WalletNotFound)?;
+
+        // Verify wallet integrity envelope
+        let wallet = integrity::verify_entity(
+            &mut conn,
+            &self.keyholder,
+            EvmWalletIntegrity {
+                address: wallet.address.clone(),
+                aead_encrypted_id: wallet.aead_encrypted_id,
+            },
+            wallet.id,
+        )
+        .await
+        .map_err(|_| SignTransactionError::WalletIntegrityCheckFailed)?;
+
         let wallet_access = schema::evm_wallet_access::table
             .select(models::EvmWalletAccess::as_select())
-            .filter(schema::evm_wallet_access::wallet_id.eq(wallet.id))
+            .filter(schema::evm_wallet_access::wallet_id.eq(wallet.entity_id))
             .filter(schema::evm_wallet_access::client_id.eq(client_id))
             .first(&mut conn)
             .await
@@ -242,9 +295,23 @@ impl EvmActor {
             .optional()
             .map_err(DatabaseError::from)?
             .ok_or(SignTransactionError::WalletNotFound)?;
+
+        // Verify wallet integrity envelope to ensure encrypted key is bound to address
+        let wallet = integrity::verify_entity(
+            &mut conn,
+            &self.keyholder,
+            EvmWalletIntegrity {
+                address: wallet.address.clone(),
+                aead_encrypted_id: wallet.aead_encrypted_id,
+            },
+            wallet.id,
+        )
+        .await
+        .map_err(|_| SignTransactionError::WalletIntegrityCheckFailed)?;
+
         let wallet_access = schema::evm_wallet_access::table
             .select(models::EvmWalletAccess::as_select())
-            .filter(schema::evm_wallet_access::wallet_id.eq(wallet.id))
+            .filter(schema::evm_wallet_access::wallet_id.eq(wallet.entity_id))
             .filter(schema::evm_wallet_access::client_id.eq(client_id))
             .first(&mut conn)
             .await
@@ -254,15 +321,21 @@ impl EvmActor {
         drop(conn);
 
         let raw_key: SafeCell<Vec<u8>> = self
-            .vault
+            .keyholder
             .ask(Decrypt {
                 aead_id: wallet.aead_encrypted_id,
             })
             .await
-            .map_err(|_| SignTransactionError::VaultSend)?;
+            .map_err(|_| SignTransactionError::KeyholderSend)?;
 
         let signer = safe_signer::SafeSigner::from_cell(raw_key)?;
 
+        // Verify that the decrypted key's derived address matches the wallet address
+        // This prevents an attacker from substituting one wallet's key with another's even if they compromised the DB
+        if signer.address() != wallet_address {
+            return Err(SignTransactionError::KeyAddressMismatch);
+        }
+
         self.engine
             .evaluate_transaction(wallet_access, transaction.clone(), RunKind::Execution)
             .await?;

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/flow_coordinator/client_connect_approval.rs

@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@ use kameo::{
     reply::ReplySender,
 };
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::actors::{
-    actors::flow_coordinator::ApprovalError,
-    peers::{
     client::ClientProfile,
+    flow_coordinator::ApprovalError,
     user_agent::{UserAgentSession, session::BeginNewClientApproval},
-    },
 };
 
 pub struct Args {

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/flow_coordinator/mod.rs

@@ -9,12 +9,10 @@ use kameo::{
 };
 use tracing::info;
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::actors::{
-    actors::flow_coordinator::client_connect_approval::ClientApprovalController,
-    peers::{
     client::{ClientProfile, session::ClientSession},
-        user_agent::UserAgentSession,
+    flow_coordinator::client_connect_approval::ClientApprovalController,
-    },
+    user_agent::session::UserAgentSession,
 };
 
 pub mod client_connect_approval;

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/keyholder/mod.rs

@@ -5,43 +5,47 @@ use diesel::{
 };
 use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
 use hmac::Mac as _;
-use kameo::{Actor, Reply, actor::ActorRef, messages};
+use kameo::{Actor, Reply, messages};
-use kameo_actors::message_bus::{MessageBus, Publish};
 use strum::{EnumDiscriminants, IntoDiscriminant};
 use tracing::{error, info};
 
-use crate::crypto::{
+use crate::{
+    crypto::{
         KeyCell, derive_key,
         encryption::v1::{self, Nonce},
         integrity::v1::HmacSha256,
+    },
+    safe_cell::SafeCell,
 };
-use crate::db::{
+use crate::{
+    db::{
         self,
         models::{self, RootKeyHistory},
         schema::{self},
+    },
+    safe_cell::SafeCellHandle as _,
 };
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 
-pub mod events {
+#[derive(Default, EnumDiscriminants)]
-
+#[strum_discriminants(derive(Reply), vis(pub), name(KeyHolderState))]
-    #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum State {
-    pub struct Bootstrapped;
+    #[default]
-
+    Unbootstrapped,
-    #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+    Sealed {
-    pub struct Unsealed;
+        root_key_history_id: i32,
-
+    },
-    #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+    Unsealed {
-    pub struct VaultResealed;
+        root_key_history_id: i32,
+        root_key: KeyCell,
+    },
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum Error {
-    #[error("Vault is already bootstrapped")]
+    #[error("Keyholder is already bootstrapped")]
     AlreadyBootstrapped,
-    #[error("Vault is not bootstrapped")]
+    #[error("Keyholder is not bootstrapped")]
     NotBootstrapped,
-    #[error("Vault is sealed")]
-    Sealed,
     #[error("Invalid key provided")]
     InvalidKey,
 
@@ -61,35 +65,18 @@ pub enum Error {
     BrokenDatabase,
 }
 
-struct Unsealed {
-    root_key_history_id: i32,
-    root_key: KeyCell,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, EnumDiscriminants)]
-#[strum_discriminants(derive(Reply), vis(pub), name(VaultState))]
-enum State {
-    #[default]
-    Unbootstrapped,
-    Sealed {
-        root_key_history_id: i32,
-    },
-    Unsealed(Unsealed),
-}
-
 /// Manages vault root key and tracks current state of the vault (bootstrapped/unbootstrapped, sealed/unsealed).
 /// Provides API for encrypting and decrypting data using the vault root key.
 /// Abstraction over database to make sure nonces are never reused and encryption keys are never exposed in plaintext outside of this actor.
 #[derive(Actor)]
-pub struct Vault {
+pub struct KeyHolder {
     db: db::DatabasePool,
     state: State,
-    events: ActorRef<MessageBus>,
 }
 
 #[messages]
-impl Vault {
+impl KeyHolder {
-    pub async fn new(db: db::DatabasePool, events: ActorRef<MessageBus>) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    pub async fn new(db: db::DatabasePool) -> Result<Self, Error> {
         let state = {
             let mut conn = db.get().await?;
 
@@ -107,10 +94,10 @@ impl Vault {
             }
         };
 
-        Ok(Self { db, state, events })
+        Ok(Self { db, state })
     }
 
-    // Exclusive transaction to avoid race condtions if multiple vaults write
+    // Exclusive transaction to avoid race condtions if multiple keyholders write
     // additional layer of protection against nonce-reuse
     async fn get_new_nonce(pool: &db::DatabasePool, root_key_id: i32) -> Result<Nonce, Error> {
         let mut conn = pool.get().await?;
@@ -147,14 +134,6 @@ impl Vault {
         Ok(nonce)
     }
 
-    fn expect_unsealed(state: &mut State) -> Result<&mut Unsealed, Error> {
-        match state {
-            State::Unsealed(unsealed) => Ok(unsealed),
-            State::Unbootstrapped => Err(Error::NotBootstrapped),
-            State::Sealed { .. } => Err(Error::Sealed),
-        }
-    }
-
     #[message]
     pub async fn bootstrap(&mut self, seal_key_raw: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) -> Result<(), Error> {
         if !matches!(self.state, State::Unbootstrapped) {
@@ -207,13 +186,12 @@ impl Vault {
             })
             .await?;
 
-        self.state = State::Unsealed(Unsealed {
+        self.state = State::Unsealed {
             root_key,
             root_key_history_id,
-        });
+        };
 
-        info!("Vault bootstrapped successfully");
+        info!("Keyholder bootstrapped successfully");
-        self.events.tell(Publish(events::Bootstrapped)).await;
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -260,23 +238,24 @@ impl Vault {
                 Error::InvalidKey
             })?;
 
-        self.state = State::Unsealed(Unsealed {
+        self.state = State::Unsealed {
             root_key_history_id: current_key.id,
             root_key: KeyCell::try_from(root_key).map_err(|err| {
                 error!(?err, "Broken database: invalid encryption key size");
                 Error::BrokenDatabase
             })?,
-        });
+        };
 
-        info!("Vault unsealed successfully");
+        info!("Keyholder unsealed successfully");
-        self.events.tell(Publish(events::Unsealed)).await;
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[message]
     pub async fn decrypt(&mut self, aead_id: i32) -> Result<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, Error> {
-        let Unsealed { root_key, .. } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
+        let State::Unsealed { root_key, .. } = &mut self.state else {
+            return Err(Error::NotBootstrapped);
+        };
 
         let row: models::AeadEncrypted = {
             let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
@@ -304,10 +283,14 @@ impl Vault {
     // Creates new `aead_encrypted` entry in the database and returns it's ID
     #[message]
     pub async fn create_new(&mut self, mut plaintext: SafeCell<Vec<u8>>) -> Result<i32, Error> {
-        let Unsealed {
+        let State::Unsealed {
             root_key,
             root_key_history_id,
-        } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
+            ..
+        } = &mut self.state
+        else {
+            return Err(Error::NotBootstrapped);
+        };
 
         // Order matters here - `get_new_nonce` acquires connection, so we need to call it before next acquire
         // Borrow checker note: &mut borrow a few lines above is disjoint from this field
@@ -337,16 +320,19 @@ impl Vault {
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub fn get_state(&self) -> VaultState {
+    pub fn get_state(&self) -> KeyHolderState {
         self.state.discriminant()
     }
 
     #[message]
     pub fn sign_integrity(&mut self, mac_input: Vec<u8>) -> Result<(i32, Vec<u8>), Error> {
-        let Unsealed {
+        let State::Unsealed {
             root_key,
             root_key_history_id,
-        } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
+        } = &mut self.state
+        else {
+            return Err(Error::NotBootstrapped);
+        };
 
         let mut hmac = root_key
             .0
@@ -368,10 +354,13 @@ impl Vault {
         expected_mac: Vec<u8>,
         key_version: i32,
     ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
-        let Unsealed {
+        let State::Unsealed {
             root_key,
             root_key_history_id,
-        } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
+        } = &mut self.state
+        else {
+            return Err(Error::NotBootstrapped);
+        };
 
         if *root_key_history_id != key_version {
             return Ok(false);
@@ -390,16 +379,17 @@ impl Vault {
     }
 
     #[message]
-    pub async fn seal(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    pub fn seal(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let Unsealed {
+        let State::Unsealed {
             root_key_history_id,
             ..
-        } = Self::expect_unsealed(&mut self.state)?;
+        } = &self.state
-
+        else {
+            return Err(Error::NotBootstrapped);
+        };
         self.state = State::Sealed {
             root_key_history_id: *root_key_history_id,
         };
-        self.events.tell(Publish(events::VaultResealed)).await;
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -411,17 +401,14 @@ mod tests {
     use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 
     use crate::{
-        actors::GlobalActors,
         db::{self},
+        safe_cell::SafeCell,
     };
-    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 
     use super::*;
 
-    async fn bootstrapped_actor(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> Vault {
+    async fn bootstrapped_actor(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> KeyHolder {
-        let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+        let mut actor = KeyHolder::new(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
         let seal_key = SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec());
         actor.bootstrap(seal_key).await.unwrap();
         actor
@@ -433,17 +420,17 @@ mod tests {
         let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
         let mut actor = bootstrapped_actor(&db).await;
         let root_key_history_id = match actor.state {
-            State::Unsealed(Unsealed {
+            State::Unsealed {
                 root_key_history_id,
                 ..
-            }) => root_key_history_id,
+            } => root_key_history_id,
             _ => panic!("expected unsealed state"),
         };
 
-        let n1 = Vault::get_new_nonce(&db, root_key_history_id)
+        let n1 = KeyHolder::get_new_nonce(&db, root_key_history_id)
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        let n2 = Vault::get_new_nonce(&db, root_key_history_id)
+        let n2 = KeyHolder::get_new_nonce(&db, root_key_history_id)
             .await
             .unwrap();
         assert!(n2.to_vec() > n1.to_vec(), "nonce must increase");

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/mod.rs

@@ -1,53 +1,47 @@
 use kameo::actor::{ActorRef, Spawn};
-use kameo_actors::{DeliveryStrategy, message_bus::MessageBus};
 use thiserror::Error;
 
 use crate::{
     actors::{
-        bootstrap::Bootstrapper, evm::EvmActor, flow_coordinator::FlowCoordinator, vault::Vault,
+        bootstrap::Bootstrapper, evm::EvmActor, flow_coordinator::FlowCoordinator,
+        keyholder::KeyHolder,
     },
     db,
 };
 
 pub mod bootstrap;
-pub mod evm;
+pub mod client;
+mod evm;
 pub mod flow_coordinator;
-pub mod vault;
+pub mod keyholder;
-pub mod useragent_registry;
+pub mod user_agent;
 
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
 pub enum SpawnError {
     #[error("Failed to spawn Bootstrapper actor")]
     Bootstrapper(#[from] bootstrap::Error),
 
-    #[error("Failed to spawn Vault actor")]
+    #[error("Failed to spawn KeyHolder actor")]
-    Vault(#[from] vault::Error),
+    KeyHolder(#[from] keyholder::Error),
 }
 
 /// Long-lived actors that are shared across all connections and handle global state and operations
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct GlobalActors {
-    pub vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+    pub key_holder: ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
     pub bootstrapper: ActorRef<Bootstrapper>,
     pub flow_coordinator: ActorRef<FlowCoordinator>,
     pub evm: ActorRef<EvmActor>,
-    pub events: ActorRef<MessageBus>,
 }
 
 impl GlobalActors {
-    pub fn spawn_message_bus() -> ActorRef<MessageBus> {
-        MessageBus::spawn(MessageBus::new(DeliveryStrategy::Guaranteed))
-    }
-
     pub async fn spawn(db: db::DatabasePool) -> Result<Self, SpawnError> {
-        let message_bus = Self::spawn_message_bus();
+        let key_holder = KeyHolder::spawn(KeyHolder::new(db.clone()).await?);
-        let key_holder = Vault::spawn(Vault::new(db.clone(), message_bus.clone()).await?);
         Ok(Self {
             bootstrapper: Bootstrapper::spawn(Bootstrapper::new(&db).await?),
             evm: EvmActor::spawn(EvmActor::new(key_holder.clone(), db)),
-            vault: key_holder,
+            key_holder,
             flow_coordinator: FlowCoordinator::spawn(FlowCoordinator::default()),
-            events: message_bus,
         })
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/user_agent/auth.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::authn;
 use arbiter_proto::transport::Bi;
 use tracing::error;
 
+use crate::actors::user_agent::{
+    AuthPublicKey, UserAgentConnection,
+    auth::state::{AuthContext, AuthStateMachine},
+};
+
 mod state;
 use state::*;
 
-use super::{AuthCredentials, UserAgentConnection};
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Inbound {
     AuthChallengeRequest {
-        pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
+        pubkey: AuthPublicKey,
         bootstrap_token: Option<String>,
     },
     AuthChallengeSolution {
@@ -28,17 +30,26 @@ pub enum Error {
 }
 
 impl Error {
-    fn internal(details: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+    #[track_caller]
-        Self::Internal {
+    pub(super) fn internal(details: impl Into<String>, err: &impl std::fmt::Debug) -> Self {
-            details: details.into(),
+        let details = details.into();
-        }
+        let caller = std::panic::Location::caller();
+        error!(
+            caller_file = %caller.file(),
+            caller_line = caller.line(),
+            caller_column = caller.column(),
+            details = %details,
+            error = ?err,
+            "Internal error"
+        );
+
+        Self::Internal { details }
     }
 }
 
 impl From<diesel::result::Error> for Error {
     fn from(e: diesel::result::Error) -> Self {
-        error!(?e, "Database error");
+        Self::internal("Database error", &e)
-        Self::internal("Database error")
     }
 }
 
@@ -68,10 +79,10 @@ fn parse_auth_event(payload: Inbound) -> AuthEvents {
 
 pub async fn authenticate<T>(
     props: &mut UserAgentConnection,
-    transport: &mut T,
+    transport: T,
-) -> Result<AuthCredentials, Error>
+) -> Result<AuthPublicKey, Error>
 where
-    T: Bi<Inbound, Result<Outbound, Error>> + Send + ?Sized,
+    T: Bi<Inbound, Result<Outbound, Error>> + Send,
 {
     let mut state = AuthStateMachine::new(AuthContext::new(props, transport));
 
@@ -82,7 +93,7 @@ where
         };
 
         match state.process_event(parse_auth_event(payload)).await {
-            Ok(AuthStates::AuthOk(result)) => return Ok(result.clone()),
+            Ok(AuthStates::AuthOk(key)) => return Ok(key.clone()),
             Err(AuthError::ActionFailed(err)) => {
                 error!(?err, "State machine action failed");
                 return Err(err);

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/user_agent/auth/state.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+use arbiter_proto::transport::Bi;
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, OptionalExtension as _, QueryDsl, update};
+use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
+use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
+use tracing::error;
+
+use super::Error;
+use crate::{
+    actors::{
+        bootstrap::ConsumeToken,
+        keyholder::KeyHolder,
+        user_agent::{AuthPublicKey, UserAgentConnection, UserAgentCredentials, auth::Outbound},
+    },
+    crypto::integrity,
+    db::{DatabasePool, schema::useragent_client},
+};
+
+pub struct ChallengeRequest {
+    pub pubkey: AuthPublicKey,
+}
+
+pub struct BootstrapAuthRequest {
+    pub pubkey: AuthPublicKey,
+    pub token: String,
+}
+
+pub struct ChallengeContext {
+    pub challenge_nonce: i32,
+    pub key: AuthPublicKey,
+}
+
+pub struct ChallengeSolution {
+    pub solution: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+smlang::statemachine!(
+    name: Auth,
+    custom_error: true,
+    transitions: {
+        *Init + AuthRequest(ChallengeRequest) / async prepare_challenge = SentChallenge(ChallengeContext),
+        Init + BootstrapAuthRequest(BootstrapAuthRequest) / async verify_bootstrap_token = AuthOk(AuthPublicKey),
+        SentChallenge(ChallengeContext) + ReceivedSolution(ChallengeSolution) / async verify_solution = AuthOk(AuthPublicKey),
+    }
+);
+
+/// Returns the current nonce, ready to use for the challenge nonce.
+async fn get_current_nonce_and_id(
+    db: &DatabasePool,
+    key: &AuthPublicKey,
+) -> Result<(i32, i32), Error> {
+    let mut db_conn = db
+        .get()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| Error::internal("Database unavailable", &e))?;
+    db_conn
+        .exclusive_transaction(|conn| {
+            Box::pin(async move {
+                useragent_client::table
+                    .filter(useragent_client::public_key.eq(key.to_stored_bytes()))
+                    .filter(useragent_client::key_type.eq(key.key_type()))
+                    .select((useragent_client::id, useragent_client::nonce))
+                    .first::<(i32, i32)>(conn)
+                    .await
+            })
+        })
+        .await
+        .optional()
+        .map_err(|e| Error::internal("Database operation failed", &e))?
+        .ok_or_else(|| {
+            error!(?key, "Public key not found in database");
+            Error::UnregisteredPublicKey
+        })
+}
+
+async fn verify_integrity(
+    db: &DatabasePool,
+    keyholder: &ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
+    pubkey: &AuthPublicKey,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let mut db_conn = db
+        .get()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| Error::internal("Database unavailable", &e))?;
+
+    let (id, nonce) = get_current_nonce_and_id(db, pubkey).await?;
+
+    let attestation_status = integrity::check_entity_attestation(
+        &mut db_conn,
+        keyholder,
+        &UserAgentCredentials {
+            pubkey: pubkey.clone(),
+            nonce,
+        },
+        id,
+    )
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| Error::internal("Integrity verification failed", &e))?;
+
+    use integrity::AttestationStatus as AS;
+    // SAFETY (policy): challenge auth must work in both vault states.
+    // While sealed, integrity checks can only report `Unavailable` because key material is not
+    // accessible. While unsealed, the same check can report `Attested`.
+    // This path intentionally accepts both outcomes to keep challenge auth available across state
+    // transitions; stricter verification is enforced in sensitive post-auth flows.
+    match attestation_status {
+        AS::Attested | AS::Unavailable => Ok(()),
+    }
+}
+
+async fn create_nonce(
+    db: &DatabasePool,
+    keyholder: &ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
+    pubkey: &AuthPublicKey,
+) -> Result<i32, Error> {
+    let mut db_conn = db
+        .get()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| Error::internal("Database unavailable", &e))?;
+    let new_nonce = db_conn
+        .exclusive_transaction(|conn| {
+            Box::pin(async move {
+                let (id, new_nonce): (i32, i32) = update(useragent_client::table)
+                    .filter(useragent_client::public_key.eq(pubkey.to_stored_bytes()))
+                    .filter(useragent_client::key_type.eq(pubkey.key_type()))
+                    .set(useragent_client::nonce.eq(useragent_client::nonce + 1))
+                    .returning((useragent_client::id, useragent_client::nonce))
+                    .get_result(conn)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|e| Error::internal("Database operation failed", &e))?;
+
+                integrity::sign_entity(
+                    conn,
+                    keyholder,
+                    &UserAgentCredentials {
+                        pubkey: pubkey.clone(),
+                        nonce: new_nonce,
+                    },
+                    id,
+                )
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| Error::internal("Database error", &e))?
+                .drop_verification_provenance();
+
+                Result::<_, Error>::Ok(new_nonce)
+            })
+        })
+        .await?;
+    Ok(new_nonce)
+}
+
+async fn register_key(
+    db: &DatabasePool,
+    keyholder: &ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
+    pubkey: &AuthPublicKey,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let pubkey_bytes = pubkey.to_stored_bytes();
+    let key_type = pubkey.key_type();
+    let mut conn = db
+        .get()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| Error::internal("Database unavailable", &e))?;
+
+    conn.transaction(|conn| {
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            const NONCE_START: i32 = 1;
+
+            let id: i32 = diesel::insert_into(useragent_client::table)
+                .values((
+                    useragent_client::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes),
+                    useragent_client::nonce.eq(NONCE_START),
+                    useragent_client::key_type.eq(key_type),
+                ))
+                .returning(useragent_client::id)
+                .get_result(conn)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| Error::internal("Database operation failed", &e))?;
+
+            if let Err(e) = integrity::sign_entity(
+                conn,
+                keyholder,
+                &UserAgentCredentials {
+                    pubkey: pubkey.clone(),
+                    nonce: NONCE_START,
+                },
+                id,
+            )
+            .await
+            {
+                match e {
+                    integrity::Error::Keyholder(
+                        crate::actors::keyholder::Error::NotBootstrapped,
+                    ) => {
+                        // IMPORTANT: bootstrap-token auth must work before the vault has a root key.
+                        // We intentionally allow creating the DB row first and backfill envelopes
+                        // after bootstrap/unseal to keep the bootstrap flow possible.
+                    }
+                    other => {
+                        return Err(Error::internal("Failed to register public key", &other));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Result::<_, Error>::Ok(())
+        })
+    })
+    .await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub struct AuthContext<'a, T> {
+    pub(super) conn: &'a mut UserAgentConnection,
+    pub(super) transport: T,
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> AuthContext<'a, T> {
+    pub fn new(conn: &'a mut UserAgentConnection, transport: T) -> Self {
+        Self { conn, transport }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> AuthStateMachineContext for AuthContext<'_, T>
+where
+    T: Bi<super::Inbound, Result<super::Outbound, Error>> + Send,
+{
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    async fn prepare_challenge(
+        &mut self,
+        ChallengeRequest { pubkey }: ChallengeRequest,
+    ) -> Result<ChallengeContext, Self::Error> {
+        verify_integrity(&self.conn.db, &self.conn.actors.key_holder, &pubkey).await?;
+
+        let nonce = create_nonce(&self.conn.db, &self.conn.actors.key_holder, &pubkey).await?;
+
+        self.transport
+            .send(Ok(Outbound::AuthChallenge { nonce }))
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                error!(?e, "Failed to send auth challenge");
+                Error::Transport
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(ChallengeContext {
+            challenge_nonce: nonce,
+            key: pubkey,
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[allow(missing_docs)]
+    #[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)]
+    async fn verify_bootstrap_token(
+        &mut self,
+        BootstrapAuthRequest { pubkey, token }: BootstrapAuthRequest,
+    ) -> Result<AuthPublicKey, Self::Error> {
+        let token_ok: bool = self
+            .conn
+            .actors
+            .bootstrapper
+            .ask(ConsumeToken {
+                token: token.clone(),
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| Error::internal("Failed to consume bootstrap token", &e))?;
+
+        if !token_ok {
+            error!("Invalid bootstrap token provided");
+            return Err(Error::InvalidBootstrapToken);
+        }
+
+        match token_ok {
+            true => {
+                register_key(&self.conn.db, &self.conn.actors.key_holder, &pubkey).await?;
+                self.transport
+                    .send(Ok(Outbound::AuthSuccess))
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|_| Error::Transport)?;
+                Ok(pubkey)
+            }
+            false => {
+                error!("Invalid bootstrap token provided");
+                self.transport
+                    .send(Err(Error::InvalidBootstrapToken))
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|_| Error::Transport)?;
+                Err(Error::InvalidBootstrapToken)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[allow(missing_docs)]
+    #[allow(clippy::unused_unit)]
+    async fn verify_solution(
+        &mut self,
+        ChallengeContext {
+            challenge_nonce,
+            key,
+        }: &ChallengeContext,
+        ChallengeSolution { solution }: ChallengeSolution,
+    ) -> Result<AuthPublicKey, Self::Error> {
+        let formatted = arbiter_proto::format_challenge(*challenge_nonce, &key.to_stored_bytes());
+
+        let valid = match key {
+            AuthPublicKey::Ed25519(vk) => {
+                let sig = solution.as_slice().try_into().map_err(|_| {
+                    error!(?solution, "Invalid Ed25519 signature length");
+                    Error::InvalidChallengeSolution
+                })?;
+                vk.verify_strict(&formatted, &sig).is_ok()
+            }
+            AuthPublicKey::EcdsaSecp256k1(vk) => {
+                use k256::ecdsa::signature::Verifier as _;
+                let sig = k256::ecdsa::Signature::try_from(solution.as_slice()).map_err(|_| {
+                    error!(?solution, "Invalid ECDSA signature bytes");
+                    Error::InvalidChallengeSolution
+                })?;
+                vk.verify(&formatted, &sig).is_ok()
+            }
+            AuthPublicKey::Rsa(pk) => {
+                use rsa::signature::Verifier as _;
+                let verifying_key = rsa::pss::VerifyingKey::<sha2::Sha256>::new(pk.clone());
+                let sig = rsa::pss::Signature::try_from(solution.as_slice()).map_err(|_| {
+                    error!(?solution, "Invalid RSA signature bytes");
+                    Error::InvalidChallengeSolution
+                })?;
+                verifying_key.verify(&formatted, &sig).is_ok()
+            }
+        };
+
+        match valid {
+            true => {
+                self.transport
+                    .send(Ok(Outbound::AuthSuccess))
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|_| Error::Transport)?;
+                Ok(key.clone())
+            }
+            false => {
+                self.transport
+                    .send(Err(Error::InvalidChallengeSolution))
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|_| Error::Transport)?;
+                Err(Error::InvalidChallengeSolution)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/user_agent/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+use crate::{
+    actors::{GlobalActors, client::ClientProfile},
+    crypto::integrity::Integrable,
+    db::{self, models::KeyType},
+};
+
+/// Abstraction over Ed25519 / ECDSA-secp256k1 / RSA public keys used during the auth handshake.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum AuthPublicKey {
+    Ed25519(ed25519_dalek::VerifyingKey),
+    /// Compressed SEC1 public key; signature bytes are raw 64-byte (r||s).
+    EcdsaSecp256k1(k256::ecdsa::VerifyingKey),
+    /// RSA-2048+ public key (Windows Hello / KeyCredentialManager); signature bytes are PSS+SHA-256.
+    Rsa(rsa::RsaPublicKey),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct UserAgentCredentials {
+    pub pubkey: AuthPublicKey,
+    pub nonce: i32,
+}
+
+impl Integrable for UserAgentCredentials {
+    const KIND: &'static str = "useragent_credentials";
+}
+
+impl AuthPublicKey {
+    /// Canonical bytes stored in DB and echoed back in the challenge.
+    /// Ed25519: raw 32 bytes. ECDSA: SEC1 compressed 33 bytes. RSA: DER-encoded SPKI.
+    pub fn to_stored_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        match self {
+            AuthPublicKey::Ed25519(k) => k.to_bytes().to_vec(),
+            // SEC1 compressed (33 bytes) is the natural compact format for secp256k1
+            AuthPublicKey::EcdsaSecp256k1(k) => k.to_encoded_point(true).as_bytes().to_vec(),
+            AuthPublicKey::Rsa(k) => {
+                use rsa::pkcs8::EncodePublicKey as _;
+                #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
+                k.to_public_key_der()
+                    .expect("rsa SPKI encoding is infallible")
+                    .to_vec()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn key_type(&self) -> KeyType {
+        match self {
+            AuthPublicKey::Ed25519(_) => KeyType::Ed25519,
+            AuthPublicKey::EcdsaSecp256k1(_) => KeyType::EcdsaSecp256k1,
+            AuthPublicKey::Rsa(_) => KeyType::Rsa,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<(KeyType, Vec<u8>)> for AuthPublicKey {
+    type Error = &'static str;
+
+    fn try_from(value: (KeyType, Vec<u8>)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let (key_type, bytes) = value;
+        match key_type {
+            KeyType::Ed25519 => {
+                let bytes: [u8; 32] = bytes.try_into().map_err(|_| "invalid Ed25519 key length")?;
+                let key = ed25519_dalek::VerifyingKey::from_bytes(&bytes)
+                    .map_err(|_e| "invalid Ed25519 key")?;
+                Ok(AuthPublicKey::Ed25519(key))
+            }
+            KeyType::EcdsaSecp256k1 => {
+                let point =
+                    k256::EncodedPoint::from_bytes(&bytes).map_err(|_e| "invalid ECDSA key")?;
+                let key = k256::ecdsa::VerifyingKey::from_encoded_point(&point)
+                    .map_err(|_e| "invalid ECDSA key")?;
+                Ok(AuthPublicKey::EcdsaSecp256k1(key))
+            }
+            KeyType::Rsa => {
+                use rsa::pkcs8::DecodePublicKey as _;
+                let key = rsa::RsaPublicKey::from_public_key_der(&bytes)
+                    .map_err(|_e| "invalid RSA key")?;
+                Ok(AuthPublicKey::Rsa(key))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Messages, sent by user agent to connection client without having a request
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum OutOfBand {
+    ClientConnectionRequest { profile: ClientProfile },
+    ClientConnectionCancel { pubkey: ed25519_dalek::VerifyingKey },
+}
+
+pub struct UserAgentConnection {
+    pub(crate) db: db::DatabasePool,
+    pub(crate) actors: GlobalActors,
+}
+
+impl UserAgentConnection {
+    pub fn new(db: db::DatabasePool, actors: GlobalActors) -> Self {
+        Self { db, actors }
+    }
+}
+
+pub mod auth;
+pub mod session;
+
+pub use auth::authenticate;
+pub use session::UserAgentSession;
+
+use crate::crypto::integrity::hashing::Hashable;
+
+impl Hashable for AuthPublicKey {
+    fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
+        hasher.update(self.to_stored_bytes());
+    }
+}
+
+impl Hashable for UserAgentCredentials {
+    fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
+        self.pubkey.hash(hasher);
+        self.nonce.hash(hasher);
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/user_agent/session.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::authn;
-use diesel::{ExpressionMethods, QueryDsl};
-use diesel_async::{RunQueryDsl};
-use kameo_actors::message_bus::Register;
-
 use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::HashMap};
 
 use arbiter_proto::transport::Sender;
-use kameo::{Actor, actor::ActorRef, messages, prelude::Message};
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use ed25519_dalek::VerifyingKey;
+use kameo::{Actor, actor::ActorRef, messages};
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tracing::error;
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::actors::{
-    actors::{
+    client::ClientProfile,
     flow_coordinator::{RegisterUserAgent, client_connect_approval::ClientApprovalController},
-        vault::events,
+    user_agent::{OutOfBand, UserAgentConnection},
-    }, crypto::integrity, db::schema::useragent_client, peers::{client::ClientProfile, user_agent::{AuthCredentials, Credentials}}
 };
 
-use super::{OutOfBand, UserAgentConnection};
+mod state;
+use state::{DummyContext, UserAgentEvents, UserAgentStateMachine};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Error)]
 pub enum Error {
@@ -50,33 +47,52 @@ impl Error {
 }
 
 pub struct PendingClientApproval {
-    pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
     controller: ActorRef<ClientApprovalController>,
 }
 
 pub struct UserAgentSession {
-    creds: Credentials,
     props: UserAgentConnection,
+    state: UserAgentStateMachine<DummyContext>,
     sender: Box<dyn Sender<OutOfBand>>,
 
-    pending_client_approvals: HashMap<Vec<u8>, PendingClientApproval>,
+    pending_client_approvals: HashMap<VerifyingKey, PendingClientApproval>,
 }
 
-pub mod handlers;
+pub mod connection;
 
 impl UserAgentSession {
-    pub(crate) fn new(
+    pub(crate) fn new(props: UserAgentConnection, sender: Box<dyn Sender<OutOfBand>>) -> Self {
-        props: UserAgentConnection,
-        creds: Credentials,
-        sender: Box<dyn Sender<OutOfBand>>,
-    ) -> Self {
         Self {
-            creds,
             props,
+            state: UserAgentStateMachine::new(DummyContext),
             sender,
             pending_client_approvals: Default::default(),
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn new_test(db: crate::db::DatabasePool, actors: crate::actors::GlobalActors) -> Self {
+        struct DummySender;
+
+        #[async_trait]
+        impl Sender<OutOfBand> for DummySender {
+            async fn send(
+                &mut self,
+                _item: OutOfBand,
+            ) -> Result<(), arbiter_proto::transport::Error> {
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
+
+        Self::new(UserAgentConnection::new(db, actors), Box::new(DummySender))
+    }
+
+    fn transition(&mut self, event: UserAgentEvents) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.state.process_event(event).map_err(|e| {
+            error!(?e, "State transition failed");
+            Error::State
+        })?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 #[messages]
@@ -102,13 +118,8 @@ impl UserAgentSession {
             return;
         }
 
-        self.pending_client_approvals.insert(
+        self.pending_client_approvals
-            client.pubkey.to_bytes(),
+            .insert(client.pubkey, PendingClientApproval { controller });
-            PendingClientApproval {
-                pubkey: client.pubkey,
-                controller,
-            },
-        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -147,18 +158,14 @@ impl Actor for UserAgentSession {
         let cancelled_pubkey = self
             .pending_client_approvals
             .iter()
-            .find_map(|(k, v)| (v.controller.id() == id).then_some(k.clone()));
+            .find_map(|(k, v)| (v.controller.id() == id).then_some(*k));
 
-        if let Some(pubkey_bytes) = cancelled_pubkey {
+        if let Some(pubkey) = cancelled_pubkey {
-            let Some(approval) = self.pending_client_approvals.remove(&pubkey_bytes) else {
+            self.pending_client_approvals.remove(&pubkey);
-                return Ok(std::ops::ControlFlow::Continue(()));
-            };
 
             if let Err(e) = self
                 .sender
-                .send(OutOfBand::ClientConnectionCancel {
+                .send(OutOfBand::ClientConnectionCancel { pubkey })
-                    pubkey: approval.pubkey,
-                })
                 .await
             {
                 error!(

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/user_agent/session/connection.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+use alloy::{consensus::TxEip1559, primitives::Address, signers::Signature};
+use chacha20poly1305::{AeadInPlace, XChaCha20Poly1305, XNonce, aead::KeyInit};
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl as _, SelectableHelper};
+use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
+use kameo::error::SendError;
+use kameo::messages;
+use kameo::prelude::Context;
+use tracing::{error, info};
+use x25519_dalek::{EphemeralSecret, PublicKey};
+
+use crate::actors::keyholder::KeyHolderState;
+use crate::actors::user_agent::session::Error;
+use crate::db::models::{
+    EvmWalletAccess, NewEvmWalletAccess, ProgramClient, ProgramClientMetadata,
+};
+use crate::evm::policies::{Grant, SpecificGrant};
+use crate::safe_cell::SafeCell;
+use crate::{
+    actors::flow_coordinator::client_connect_approval::ClientApprovalAnswer,
+    crypto::integrity::{self, Verified},
+};
+use crate::{
+    actors::{
+        evm::{
+            ClientSignTransaction, Generate, ListWallets, SignTransactionError as EvmSignError,
+            UseragentCreateGrant, UseragentDeleteGrant, UseragentListGrants,
+        },
+        keyholder::{self, Bootstrap, TryUnseal},
+        user_agent::session::{
+            UserAgentSession,
+            state::{UnsealContext, UserAgentEvents, UserAgentStates},
+        },
+        user_agent::{AuthPublicKey, UserAgentCredentials},
+    },
+    db::schema::useragent_client,
+    safe_cell::SafeCellHandle as _,
+};
+
+fn is_vault_sealed_from_evm<M>(err: &SendError<M, crate::actors::evm::Error>) -> bool {
+    matches!(
+        err,
+        SendError::HandlerError(crate::actors::evm::Error::Keyholder(
+            keyholder::Error::NotBootstrapped
+        )) | SendError::HandlerError(crate::actors::evm::Error::Integrity(
+            crate::crypto::integrity::Error::Keyholder(keyholder::Error::NotBootstrapped)
+        ))
+    )
+}
+
+impl UserAgentSession {
+    async fn backfill_useragent_integrity(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let mut conn = self.props.db.get().await?;
+        let keyholder = self.props.actors.key_holder.clone();
+
+        conn.transaction(|conn| {
+            Box::pin(async move {
+                let rows: Vec<(i32, i32, Vec<u8>, crate::db::models::KeyType)> =
+                    useragent_client::table
+                        .select((
+                            useragent_client::id,
+                            useragent_client::nonce,
+                            useragent_client::public_key,
+                            useragent_client::key_type,
+                        ))
+                        .load(conn)
+                        .await?;
+
+                for (id, nonce, public_key, key_type) in rows {
+                    let pubkey = AuthPublicKey::try_from((key_type, public_key)).map_err(|e| {
+                        Error::internal(format!("Invalid user-agent key in db: {e}"))
+                    })?;
+
+                    integrity::sign_entity(
+                        conn,
+                        &keyholder,
+                        &UserAgentCredentials { pubkey, nonce },
+                        id,
+                    )
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|e| {
+                        Error::internal(format!("Failed to backfill user-agent integrity: {e}"))
+                    })?
+                    .drop_verification_provenance();
+                }
+
+                Result::<_, Error>::Ok(())
+            })
+        })
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn take_unseal_secret(&mut self) -> Result<(EphemeralSecret, PublicKey), Error> {
+        let UserAgentStates::WaitingForUnsealKey(unseal_context) = self.state.state() else {
+            error!("Received encrypted key in invalid state");
+            return Err(Error::internal("Invalid state for unseal encrypted key"));
+        };
+
+        let ephemeral_secret = {
+            #[allow(
+                clippy::unwrap_used,
+                reason = "Mutex poison is unrecoverable and should panic"
+            )]
+            let mut secret_lock = unseal_context.secret.lock().unwrap();
+            let secret = secret_lock.take();
+            match secret {
+                Some(secret) => secret,
+                None => {
+                    drop(secret_lock);
+                    error!("Ephemeral secret already taken");
+                    return Err(Error::internal("Ephemeral secret already taken"));
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok((ephemeral_secret, unseal_context.client_public_key))
+    }
+
+    fn decrypt_client_key_material(
+        ephemeral_secret: EphemeralSecret,
+        client_public_key: PublicKey,
+        nonce: &[u8],
+        ciphertext: &[u8],
+        associated_data: &[u8],
+    ) -> Result<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, ()> {
+        let nonce = XNonce::from_slice(nonce);
+
+        let shared_secret = ephemeral_secret.diffie_hellman(&client_public_key);
+        let cipher = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(shared_secret.as_bytes().into());
+
+        let mut key_buffer = SafeCell::new(ciphertext.to_vec());
+
+        let decryption_result = key_buffer.write_inline(|write_handle| {
+            cipher.decrypt_in_place(nonce, associated_data, write_handle)
+        });
+
+        match decryption_result {
+            Ok(_) => Ok(key_buffer),
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!(?err, "Failed to decrypt encrypted key material");
+                Err(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct UnsealStartResponse {
+    pub server_pubkey: PublicKey,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum UnsealError {
+    #[error("Invalid key provided for unsealing")]
+    InvalidKey,
+    #[error("Internal error during unsealing process")]
+    General(#[from] super::Error),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum BootstrapError {
+    #[error("Invalid key provided for bootstrapping")]
+    InvalidKey,
+    #[error("Vault is already bootstrapped")]
+    AlreadyBootstrapped,
+
+    #[error("Internal error during bootstrapping process")]
+    General(#[from] super::Error),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum SignTransactionError {
+    #[error("Policy evaluation failed")]
+    Vet(#[from] crate::evm::VetError),
+
+    #[error("Internal signing error")]
+    Internal,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum GrantMutationError {
+    #[error("Vault is sealed")]
+    VaultSealed,
+
+    #[error("Internal grant mutation error")]
+    Internal,
+}
+
+#[messages]
+impl UserAgentSession {
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn handle_unseal_request(
+        &mut self,
+        client_pubkey: x25519_dalek::PublicKey,
+    ) -> Result<UnsealStartResponse, Error> {
+        let secret = EphemeralSecret::random();
+        let public_key = PublicKey::from(&secret);
+
+        self.transition(UserAgentEvents::UnsealRequest(UnsealContext {
+            secret: Mutex::new(Some(secret)),
+            client_public_key: client_pubkey,
+        }))?;
+
+        Ok(UnsealStartResponse {
+            server_pubkey: public_key,
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub async fn handle_unseal_encrypted_key(
+        &mut self,
+        nonce: Vec<u8>,
+        ciphertext: Vec<u8>,
+        associated_data: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<(), UnsealError> {
+        let (ephemeral_secret, client_public_key) = match self.take_unseal_secret() {
+            Ok(values) => values,
+            Err(Error::State) => {
+                self.transition(UserAgentEvents::ReceivedInvalidKey)?;
+                return Err(UnsealError::InvalidKey);
+            }
+            Err(_err) => {
+                return Err(Error::internal("Failed to take unseal secret").into());
+            }
+        };
+
+        let seal_key_buffer = match Self::decrypt_client_key_material(
+            ephemeral_secret,
+            client_public_key,
+            &nonce,
+            &ciphertext,
+            &associated_data,
+        ) {
+            Ok(buffer) => buffer,
+            Err(()) => {
+                self.transition(UserAgentEvents::ReceivedInvalidKey)?;
+                return Err(UnsealError::InvalidKey);
+            }
+        };
+
+        match self
+            .props
+            .actors
+            .key_holder
+            .ask(TryUnseal {
+                seal_key_raw: seal_key_buffer,
+            })
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                self.backfill_useragent_integrity().await?;
+                info!("Successfully unsealed key with client-provided key");
+                self.transition(UserAgentEvents::ReceivedValidKey)?;
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Err(SendError::HandlerError(keyholder::Error::InvalidKey)) => {
+                self.transition(UserAgentEvents::ReceivedInvalidKey)?;
+                Err(UnsealError::InvalidKey)
+            }
+            Err(SendError::HandlerError(err)) => {
+                error!(?err, "Keyholder failed to unseal key");
+                self.transition(UserAgentEvents::ReceivedInvalidKey)?;
+                Err(UnsealError::InvalidKey)
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!(?err, "Failed to send unseal request to keyholder");
+                self.transition(UserAgentEvents::ReceivedInvalidKey)?;
+                Err(Error::internal("Vault actor error").into())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_bootstrap_encrypted_key(
+        &mut self,
+        nonce: Vec<u8>,
+        ciphertext: Vec<u8>,
+        associated_data: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<(), BootstrapError> {
+        let (ephemeral_secret, client_public_key) = match self.take_unseal_secret() {
+            Ok(values) => values,
+            Err(Error::State) => {
+                self.transition(UserAgentEvents::ReceivedInvalidKey)?;
+                return Err(BootstrapError::InvalidKey);
+            }
+            Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),
+        };
+
+        let seal_key_buffer = match Self::decrypt_client_key_material(
+            ephemeral_secret,
+            client_public_key,
+            &nonce,
+            &ciphertext,
+            &associated_data,
+        ) {
+            Ok(buffer) => buffer,
+            Err(()) => {
+                self.transition(UserAgentEvents::ReceivedInvalidKey)?;
+                return Err(BootstrapError::InvalidKey);
+            }
+        };
+
+        match self
+            .props
+            .actors
+            .key_holder
+            .ask(Bootstrap {
+                seal_key_raw: seal_key_buffer,
+            })
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                self.backfill_useragent_integrity().await?;
+                info!("Successfully bootstrapped vault with client-provided key");
+                self.transition(UserAgentEvents::ReceivedValidKey)?;
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Err(SendError::HandlerError(keyholder::Error::AlreadyBootstrapped)) => {
+                self.transition(UserAgentEvents::ReceivedInvalidKey)?;
+                Err(BootstrapError::AlreadyBootstrapped)
+            }
+            Err(SendError::HandlerError(err)) => {
+                error!(?err, "Keyholder failed to bootstrap vault");
+                self.transition(UserAgentEvents::ReceivedInvalidKey)?;
+                Err(BootstrapError::InvalidKey)
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!(?err, "Failed to send bootstrap request to keyholder");
+                self.transition(UserAgentEvents::ReceivedInvalidKey)?;
+                Err(BootstrapError::General(Error::internal(
+                    "Vault actor error",
+                )))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[messages]
+impl UserAgentSession {
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_query_vault_state(&mut self) -> Result<KeyHolderState, Error> {
+        use crate::actors::keyholder::GetState;
+
+        let vault_state = match self.props.actors.key_holder.ask(GetState {}).await {
+            Ok(state) => state,
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!(?err, actor = "useragent", "keyholder.query.failed");
+                return Err(Error::internal("Vault is in broken state"));
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(vault_state)
+    }
+}
+
+#[messages]
+impl UserAgentSession {
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_evm_wallet_create(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> Result<(Verified<i32>, Address), Error> {
+        match self.props.actors.evm.ask(Generate {}).await {
+            Ok(address) => Ok(address),
+            Err(SendError::HandlerError(err)) => Err(Error::internal(format!(
+                "EVM wallet generation failed: {err}"
+            ))),
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!(?err, "EVM actor unreachable during wallet create");
+                Err(Error::internal("EVM actor unreachable"))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_evm_wallet_list(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<(i32, Address)>, Error> {
+        match self.props.actors.evm.ask(ListWallets {}).await {
+            Ok(wallets) => Ok(wallets),
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!(?err, "EVM wallet list failed");
+                Err(Error::internal("Failed to list EVM wallets"))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[messages]
+impl UserAgentSession {
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_grant_list(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<Grant<SpecificGrant>>, GrantMutationError> {
+        match self.props.actors.evm.ask(UseragentListGrants {}).await {
+            Ok(grants) => Ok(grants),
+            Err(err) if is_vault_sealed_from_evm(&err) => Err(GrantMutationError::VaultSealed),
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!(?err, "EVM grant list failed");
+                Err(GrantMutationError::Internal)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_grant_create(
+        &mut self,
+        basic: crate::evm::policies::SharedGrantSettings,
+        grant: crate::evm::policies::SpecificGrant,
+    ) -> Result<Verified<i32>, GrantMutationError> {
+        match self
+            .props
+            .actors
+            .evm
+            .ask(UseragentCreateGrant { basic, grant })
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(grant_id) => Ok(grant_id),
+            Err(err) if is_vault_sealed_from_evm(&err) => Err(GrantMutationError::VaultSealed),
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!(?err, "EVM grant create failed");
+                Err(GrantMutationError::Internal)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_grant_delete(
+        &mut self,
+        grant_id: i32,
+    ) -> Result<(), GrantMutationError> {
+        match self
+            .props
+            .actors
+            .evm
+            .ask(UseragentDeleteGrant {
+                _grant_id: grant_id,
+            })
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+            Err(err) if is_vault_sealed_from_evm(&err) => Err(GrantMutationError::VaultSealed),
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!(?err, "EVM grant delete failed");
+                Err(GrantMutationError::Internal)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_sign_transaction(
+        &mut self,
+        client_id: i32,
+        wallet_address: Address,
+        transaction: TxEip1559,
+    ) -> Result<Signature, SignTransactionError> {
+        match self
+            .props
+            .actors
+            .evm
+            .ask(ClientSignTransaction {
+                client_id,
+                wallet_address,
+                transaction,
+            })
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(signature) => Ok(signature),
+            Err(SendError::HandlerError(EvmSignError::Vet(vet_error))) => {
+                Err(SignTransactionError::Vet(vet_error))
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!(?err, "EVM sign transaction failed in user-agent session");
+                Err(SignTransactionError::Internal)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_grant_evm_wallet_access(
+        &mut self,
+        entries: Vec<NewEvmWalletAccess>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let mut conn = self.props.db.get().await?;
+        conn.transaction(|conn| {
+            Box::pin(async move {
+                use crate::db::schema::evm_wallet_access;
+
+                for entry in entries {
+                    diesel::insert_into(evm_wallet_access::table)
+                        .values(&entry)
+                        .on_conflict_do_nothing()
+                        .execute(conn)
+                        .await?;
+                }
+
+                Result::<_, Error>::Ok(())
+            })
+        })
+        .await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_revoke_evm_wallet_access(
+        &mut self,
+        entries: Vec<i32>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let mut conn = self.props.db.get().await?;
+        conn.transaction(|conn| {
+            Box::pin(async move {
+                use crate::db::schema::evm_wallet_access;
+                for entry in entries {
+                    diesel::delete(evm_wallet_access::table)
+                        .filter(evm_wallet_access::wallet_id.eq(entry))
+                        .execute(conn)
+                        .await?;
+                }
+
+                Result::<_, Error>::Ok(())
+            })
+        })
+        .await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_list_wallet_access(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<EvmWalletAccess>, Error> {
+        let mut conn = self.props.db.get().await?;
+        use crate::db::schema::evm_wallet_access;
+        let access_entries = evm_wallet_access::table
+            .select(EvmWalletAccess::as_select())
+            .load::<_>(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+        Ok(access_entries)
+    }
+}
+
+#[messages]
+impl UserAgentSession {
+    #[message(ctx)]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_new_client_approve(
+        &mut self,
+        approved: bool,
+        pubkey: ed25519_dalek::VerifyingKey,
+        ctx: &mut Context<Self, Result<(), Error>>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let pending_approval = match self.pending_client_approvals.remove(&pubkey) {
+            Some(approval) => approval,
+            None => {
+                error!("Received client connection response for unknown client");
+                return Err(Error::internal("Unknown client in connection response"));
+            }
+        };
+
+        pending_approval
+            .controller
+            .tell(ClientApprovalAnswer { approved })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| {
+                error!(
+                    ?err,
+                    "Failed to send client approval response to controller"
+                );
+                Error::internal("Failed to send client approval response to controller")
+            })?;
+
+        ctx.actor_ref().unlink(&pending_approval.controller).await;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[message]
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_sdk_client_list(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<(ProgramClient, ProgramClientMetadata)>, Error> {
+        use crate::db::schema::{client_metadata, program_client};
+        let mut conn = self.props.db.get().await?;
+
+        let clients = program_client::table
+            .inner_join(client_metadata::table)
+            .select((
+                ProgramClient::as_select(),
+                ProgramClientMetadata::as_select(),
+            ))
+            .load::<(ProgramClient, ProgramClientMetadata)>(&mut conn)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(clients)
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/user_agent/session/state.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+use x25519_dalek::{EphemeralSecret, PublicKey};
+
+pub struct UnsealContext {
+    pub client_public_key: PublicKey,
+    pub secret: Mutex<Option<EphemeralSecret>>,
+}
+
+smlang::statemachine!(
+    name: UserAgent,
+    custom_error: false,
+    transitions: {
+        *Idle + UnsealRequest(UnsealContext) / generate_temp_keypair = WaitingForUnsealKey(UnsealContext),
+        WaitingForUnsealKey(UnsealContext) + ReceivedValidKey = Unsealed,
+        WaitingForUnsealKey(UnsealContext) + ReceivedInvalidKey = Idle,
+    }
+);
+
+pub struct DummyContext;
+impl UserAgentStateMachineContext for DummyContext {
+    #[allow(missing_docs)]
+    #[allow(clippy::unused_unit)]
+    fn generate_temp_keypair(&mut self, event_data: UnsealContext) -> Result<UnsealContext, ()> {
+        Ok(event_data)
+    }
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/actors/useragent_registry.rs

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-use alloy::primitives::map::HashMap;
-use arbiter_crypto::authn;
-use kameo::{error::Infallible, prelude::*};
-
-use crate::{db::DatabasePool, peers::user_agent::{Credentials, UserAgentSession}};
-
-use super::vault::{Vault, events as vault_events};
-
-pub struct Args {
-    pub vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
-    pub pool: DatabasePool,
-}
-
-pub struct UserAgentRegistry {
-    vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
-    pool: DatabasePool,
-    connected: HashMap<Credentials, ActorRef<UserAgentSession>>,
-}
-
-impl Message<vault_events::Bootstrapped> for UserAgentRegistry {
-    type Reply = ();
-
-    async fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: vault_events::Bootstrapped,
-        ctx: &mut Context<Self, Self::Reply>,
-    ) -> Self::Reply {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Message<vault_events::Unsealed> for UserAgentRegistry {
-    type Reply = ();
-
-    async fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: vault_events::Unsealed,
-        ctx: &mut Context<Self, Self::Reply>,
-    ) -> Self::Reply {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-impl Actor for UserAgentRegistry {
-    type Args = Args;
-
-    type Error = Infallible;
-
-    async fn on_start(args: Self::Args, actor_ref: ActorRef<Self>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            vault: args.vault,
-            pool: args.pool,
-            connected: HashMap::default(),
-        })
-    }
-
-    
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/encryption/v1.rs

@@ -59,8 +59,10 @@ mod tests {
     use std::ops::Deref as _;
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::crypto::derive_key;
+    use crate::{
-    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+        crypto::derive_key,
+        safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
+    };
 
     #[test]
     pub fn derive_seal_key_deterministic() {

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/integrity/v1.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{actors::vault::{self, GetState}, crypto::integrity::hashing::Hashable};
+use crate::actors::keyholder;
 use hmac::Hmac;
 use sha2::Sha256;
 use std::future::Future;
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ use sha2::Digest as _;
 
 pub mod hashing;
 pub mod verified;
+use self::hashing::Hashable;
 
 use crate::{
-    actors::vault::{SignIntegrity, Vault, VerifyIntegrity},
+    actors::keyholder::{KeyHolder, SignIntegrity, VerifyIntegrity},
     db::{
         self,
         models::{IntegrityEnvelope as IntegrityEnvelopeRow, NewIntegrityEnvelope},
@@ -26,18 +27,18 @@ pub const CURRENT_PAYLOAD_VERSION: i32 = 1;
 pub const INTEGRITY_SUBKEY_TAG: &[u8] = b"arbiter/db-integrity-key/v1";
 
 pub type HmacSha256 = Hmac<Sha256>;
-pub use self::verified::{Nested, VerificationOrigin, Verified};
+pub use self::verified::{Nested, Root, VerificationOrigin, Verified};
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum Error {
     #[error("Database error: {0}")]
     Database(#[from] db::DatabaseError),
 
-    #[error("Vault error: {0}")]
+    #[error("KeyHolder error: {0}")]
-    Vault(#[from] vault::Error),
+    Keyholder(#[from] keyholder::Error),
 
-    #[error("Vault mailbox error")]
+    #[error("KeyHolder mailbox error")]
-    VaultSend,
+    KeyholderSend,
 
     #[error("Integrity envelope is missing for entity {entity_kind}")]
     MissingEnvelope { entity_kind: &'static str },
@@ -97,10 +98,10 @@ impl From<&'_ [u8]> for EntityId {
 
 pub async fn lookup_verified<E, Id, C, F, Fut>(
     conn: &mut C,
-    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
+    keyholder: &ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
     entity_id: Id,
     load: F,
-) -> Result<VerifiedEntity<E, Id>, Error>
+) -> Result<Verified<Entity<E, Id>, Nested<E>>, Error>
 where
     C: AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
     E: Integrable,
@@ -109,14 +110,14 @@ where
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<E, db::DatabaseError>>,
 {
     let entity = load(conn).await?;
-    verify_entity(conn, vault, entity, entity_id).await
+    verify_entity(conn, keyholder, entity, entity_id).await
 }
 
 pub async fn lookup_verified_from_query<E, Id, C, F>(
     conn: &mut C,
-    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
+    keyholder: &ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
     load: F,
-) -> Result<VerifiedEntity<E, Id>, Error>
+) -> Result<Verified<Entity<E, Id>, Nested<E>>, Error>
 where
     C: AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite> + Send,
     E: Integrable,
@@ -128,12 +129,12 @@ where
     >,
 {
     let (entity_id, entity) = load(conn).await?;
-    verify_entity(conn, vault, entity, entity_id).await
+    verify_entity(conn, keyholder, entity, entity_id).await
 }
 
 pub async fn sign_entity<E: Integrable, Id: Into<EntityId> + Clone>(
     conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
+    keyholder: &ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
     entity: &E,
     as_entity_id: Id,
 ) -> Result<Verified<Id, Nested<E>>, Error> {
@@ -143,13 +144,12 @@ pub async fn sign_entity<E: Integrable, Id: Into<EntityId> + Clone>(
 
     let mac_input = build_mac_input(E::KIND, &entity_id, E::VERSION, &payload_hash);
 
-    let (key_version, mac) =
+    let (key_version, mac) = keyholder
-        vault
         .ask(SignIntegrity { mac_input })
         .await
         .map_err(|err| match err {
-                kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(inner) => Error::Vault(inner),
+            kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(inner) => Error::Keyholder(inner),
-                _ => Error::VaultSend,
+            _ => Error::KeyholderSend,
         })?;
 
     insert_into(integrity_envelope::table)
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ pub async fn sign_entity<E: Integrable, Id: Into<EntityId> + Clone>(
 
 pub async fn check_entity_attestation<E: Integrable>(
     conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
+    keyholder: &ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
     entity: &E,
     entity_id: impl Into<EntityId>,
 ) -> Result<AttestationStatus, Error> {
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ pub async fn check_entity_attestation<E: Integrable>(
     let payload_hash = payload_hash(entity);
     let mac_input = build_mac_input(E::KIND, &entity_id, envelope.payload_version, &payload_hash);
 
-    let result = vault
+    let result = keyholder
         .ask(VerifyIntegrity {
             mac_input,
             expected_mac: envelope.mac,
@@ -220,20 +220,22 @@ pub async fn check_entity_attestation<E: Integrable>(
         Ok(false) => Err(Error::MacMismatch {
             entity_kind: E::KIND,
         }),
-        Err(SendError::HandlerError(vault::Error::Sealed)) => Ok(AttestationStatus::Unavailable),
+        Err(SendError::HandlerError(keyholder::Error::NotBootstrapped)) => {
-        Err(_) => Err(Error::VaultSend),
+            Ok(AttestationStatus::Unavailable)
+        }
+        Err(_) => Err(Error::KeyholderSend),
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, crate::VerifiedFields!)]
 #[repr(C)]
-pub struct VerifiedEntity<E, Id> {
+pub struct Entity<E, Id> {
-    pub entity: Verified<E>,
+    pub entity: E,
-    pub entity_id: Verified<Id, Nested<E>>,
+    pub entity_id: Id,
 }
 
-impl<E, Id> Deref for VerifiedEntity<E, Id> {
+impl<E, Id> Deref for Entity<E, Id> {
-    type Target = Verified<E>;
+    type Target = E;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
         &self.entity
@@ -242,33 +244,31 @@ impl<E, Id> Deref for VerifiedEntity<E, Id> {
 
 pub async fn verify_entity<E: Integrable, Id: Into<EntityId> + Clone>(
     conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
+    keyholder: &ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
     entity: E,
     entity_id: Id,
-) -> Result<VerifiedEntity<E, Id>, Error> {
+) -> Result<Verified<Entity<E, Id>, Nested<E>>, Error> {
-    match check_entity_attestation(conn, vault, &entity, entity_id.clone()).await? {
+    match check_entity_attestation(conn, keyholder, &entity, entity_id.clone()).await? {
-        AttestationStatus::Attested => Ok(VerifiedEntity {
+        AttestationStatus::Attested => Ok(Verified::<Entity<E, Id>, Nested<E>>::new(Entity {
-            entity: Verified::new(entity),
+            entity,
-            entity_id: Verified::new(entity_id),
+            entity_id,
-        }),
+        })),
-        AttestationStatus::Unavailable => Err(Error::Vault(vault::Error::Sealed)),
+        AttestationStatus::Unavailable => Err(Error::Keyholder(keyholder::Error::NotBootstrapped)),
     }
 }
 
 pub async fn verify_entity_ref<'e, E: Integrable, Id: Into<EntityId> + Clone>(
     conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
+    keyholder: &ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
     entity: &'e E,
     entity_id: Id,
-) -> Result<Verified<VerifiedEntity<&'e E, Id>, Nested<E>>, Error> {
+) -> Result<Verified<Entity<&'e E, Id>, Nested<E>>, Error> {
-    match check_entity_attestation(conn, vault, entity, entity_id.clone()).await? {
+    match check_entity_attestation(conn, keyholder, entity, entity_id.clone()).await? {
-        AttestationStatus::Attested => Ok(Verified::<VerifiedEntity<&'e E, Id>, Nested<E>>::new(
+        AttestationStatus::Attested => Ok(Verified::<Entity<&'e E, Id>, Nested<E>>::new(Entity {
-            VerifiedEntity {
+            entity,
-                entity: Verified::new(entity),
+            entity_id,
-                entity_id: Verified::new(entity_id),
+        })),
-            },
+        AttestationStatus::Unavailable => Err(Error::Keyholder(keyholder::Error::NotBootstrapped)),
-        )),
-        AttestationStatus::Unavailable => Err(Error::Vault(vault::Error::Sealed)),
     }
 }
 
@@ -290,11 +290,6 @@ pub async fn delete_envelope<E: Integrable>(
     Ok(affected)
 }
 
-pub async fn is_signing_available(vault: &ActorRef<Vault>) -> Result<bool, Error> {
-    let state = vault.ask(GetState).await.map_err(|_| Error::VaultSend)?;
-    Ok(matches!(state, vault::VaultState::Unsealed))
-}
-
 fn payload_hash(payload: &impl Hashable) -> [u8; 32] {
     let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
     payload.hash(&mut hasher);
@@ -321,118 +316,4 @@ fn push_len_prefixed(out: &mut Vec<u8>, bytes: &[u8]) {
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
+mod tests;
-    use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl};
-    use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
-    use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, prelude::Spawn};
-    use sha2::Digest;
-
-    use crate::{
-        actors::{
-            GlobalActors,
-            vault::{Bootstrap, Vault},
-        },
-        db::{self, schema},
-    };
-    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
-
-    use super::hashing::Hashable;
-    use super::{Error, Integrable, check_entity_attestation, sign_entity};
-
-    #[derive(Clone)]
-    struct DummyEntity {
-        payload_version: i32,
-        payload: Vec<u8>,
-    }
-
-    impl Hashable for DummyEntity {
-        fn hash<H: Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-            self.payload_version.hash(hasher);
-            self.payload.hash(hasher);
-        }
-    }
-    impl Integrable for DummyEntity {
-        const KIND: &'static str = "dummy_entity";
-    }
-
-    async fn bootstrapped_vault(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> ActorRef<Vault> {
-        let actor = Vault::spawn(
-            Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
-                .await
-                .unwrap(),
-        );
-        actor
-            .ask(Bootstrap {
-                seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"integrity-test-seal-key".to_vec()),
-            })
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        actor
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn sign_writes_envelope_and_verify_passes() {
-        let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-        let vault = bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
-        let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-
-        const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-7";
-
-        let entity = DummyEntity {
-            payload_version: 1,
-            payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
-        };
-
-        sign_entity(&mut conn, &vault, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .drop_verification_provenance();
-
-        let count: i64 = schema::integrity_envelope::table
-            .filter(schema::integrity_envelope::entity_kind.eq("dummy_entity"))
-            .filter(schema::integrity_envelope::entity_id.eq(ENTITY_ID))
-            .count()
-            .get_result(&mut conn)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(count, 1, "envelope row must be created exactly once");
-
-        let status = check_entity_attestation(&mut conn, &vault, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert!(matches!(status, super::AttestationStatus::Attested));
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn tampered_mac_fails_verification() {
-        let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-        let vault = bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
-        let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-
-        const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-11";
-
-        let entity = DummyEntity {
-            payload_version: 1,
-            payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
-        };
-
-        sign_entity(&mut conn, &vault, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .drop_verification_provenance();
-
-        diesel::update(schema::integrity_envelope::table)
-            .filter(schema::integrity_envelope::entity_kind.eq("dummy_entity"))
-            .filter(schema::integrity_envelope::entity_id.eq(ENTITY_ID))
-            .set(schema::integrity_envelope::mac.eq(vec![0u8; 32]))
-            .execute(&mut conn)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let err = check_entity_attestation(&mut conn, &vault, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err();
-        assert!(matches!(err, Error::MacMismatch { .. }));
-    }
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/integrity/v1/tests.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl};
+use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
+use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, prelude::Spawn};
+use sha2::Digest;
+
+use crate::{
+    actors::keyholder::{Bootstrap, KeyHolder},
+    db::{self, schema},
+    safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
+};
+
+use super::hashing::Hashable;
+use super::{
+    Error, Integrable, check_entity_attestation, lookup_verified, lookup_verified_from_query,
+    sign_entity, verify_entity,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+struct DummyEntity {
+    payload_version: i32,
+    payload: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl Hashable for DummyEntity {
+    fn hash<H: Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
+        self.payload_version.hash(hasher);
+        self.payload.hash(hasher);
+    }
+}
+impl Integrable for DummyEntity {
+    const KIND: &'static str = "dummy_entity";
+}
+
+async fn bootstrapped_keyholder(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> ActorRef<KeyHolder> {
+    let actor = KeyHolder::spawn(KeyHolder::new(db.clone()).await.unwrap());
+    actor
+        .ask(Bootstrap {
+            seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"integrity-test-seal-key".to_vec()),
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    actor
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn sign_writes_envelope_and_verify_passes() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let keyholder = bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
+    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+
+    const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-7";
+
+    let entity = DummyEntity {
+        payload_version: 1,
+        payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
+    };
+
+    sign_entity(&mut conn, &keyholder, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .drop_verification_provenance();
+
+    let count: i64 = schema::integrity_envelope::table
+        .filter(schema::integrity_envelope::entity_kind.eq("dummy_entity"))
+        .filter(schema::integrity_envelope::entity_id.eq(ENTITY_ID))
+        .count()
+        .get_result(&mut conn)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(count, 1, "envelope row must be created exactly once");
+    let _ = check_entity_attestation(&mut conn, &keyholder, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn tampered_mac_fails_verification() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let keyholder = bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
+    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+
+    const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-11";
+
+    let entity = DummyEntity {
+        payload_version: 1,
+        payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
+    };
+
+    sign_entity(&mut conn, &keyholder, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .drop_verification_provenance();
+
+    diesel::update(schema::integrity_envelope::table)
+        .filter(schema::integrity_envelope::entity_kind.eq("dummy_entity"))
+        .filter(schema::integrity_envelope::entity_id.eq(ENTITY_ID))
+        .set(schema::integrity_envelope::mac.eq(vec![0u8; 32]))
+        .execute(&mut conn)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let err = check_entity_attestation(&mut conn, &keyholder, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
+        .await
+        .unwrap_err();
+    assert!(matches!(err, Error::MacMismatch { .. }));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn changed_payload_fails_verification() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let keyholder = bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
+    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+
+    const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-21";
+
+    let entity = DummyEntity {
+        payload_version: 1,
+        payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
+    };
+
+    sign_entity(&mut conn, &keyholder, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .drop_verification_provenance();
+
+    let tampered = DummyEntity {
+        payload: b"payload-v1-but-tampered".to_vec(),
+        ..entity
+    };
+
+    let err = check_entity_attestation(&mut conn, &keyholder, &tampered, ENTITY_ID)
+        .await
+        .unwrap_err();
+    assert!(matches!(err, Error::MacMismatch { .. }));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn strict_verify_fails_closed_while_sealed() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let keyholder = bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
+    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+
+    const ENTITY_ID: &[u8] = b"entity-id-41";
+
+    let entity = DummyEntity {
+        payload_version: 1,
+        payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
+    };
+
+    sign_entity(&mut conn, &keyholder, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .drop_verification_provenance();
+    drop(keyholder);
+
+    let sealed_keyholder = KeyHolder::spawn(KeyHolder::new(db.clone()).await.unwrap());
+
+    let err = verify_entity(&mut conn, &sealed_keyholder, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
+        .await
+        .unwrap_err();
+    assert!(matches!(
+        err,
+        Error::Keyholder(crate::actors::keyholder::Error::NotBootstrapped)
+    ));
+
+    let err = lookup_verified(&mut conn, &sealed_keyholder, ENTITY_ID, |_| async {
+        Ok::<_, db::DatabaseError>(DummyEntity {
+            payload_version: 1,
+            payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
+        })
+    })
+    .await
+    .unwrap_err();
+    assert!(matches!(
+        err,
+        Error::Keyholder(crate::actors::keyholder::Error::NotBootstrapped)
+    ));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn lookup_verified_supports_loaded_aggregate() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let keyholder = bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
+    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+
+    const ENTITY_ID: i32 = 77;
+
+    let entity = DummyEntity {
+        payload_version: 1,
+        payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
+    };
+
+    sign_entity(&mut conn, &keyholder, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .drop_verification_provenance();
+
+    let verified = lookup_verified(&mut conn, &keyholder, ENTITY_ID, |_| async {
+        Ok::<_, db::DatabaseError>(DummyEntity {
+            payload_version: 1,
+            payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
+        })
+    })
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(verified.entity.payload, b"payload-v1".to_vec());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn extension_trait_lookup_verified_required_works() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let keyholder = bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
+    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+
+    const ENTITY_ID: i32 = 79;
+
+    let entity = DummyEntity {
+        payload_version: 1,
+        payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
+    };
+
+    sign_entity(&mut conn, &keyholder, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .drop_verification_provenance();
+
+    let verified = lookup_verified(&mut conn, &keyholder, ENTITY_ID, |_| {
+        Box::pin(async {
+            Ok::<_, db::DatabaseError>(DummyEntity {
+                payload_version: 1,
+                payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
+            })
+        })
+    })
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(verified.entity.payload, b"payload-v1".to_vec());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn lookup_verified_from_query_helpers_work() {
+    let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
+    let keyholder = bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
+    let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
+
+    const ENTITY_ID: i32 = 80;
+
+    let entity = DummyEntity {
+        payload_version: 1,
+        payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
+    };
+
+    sign_entity(&mut conn, &keyholder, &entity, ENTITY_ID)
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .drop_verification_provenance();
+
+    let verified = lookup_verified_from_query(&mut conn, &keyholder, |_| {
+        Box::pin(async {
+            Ok::<_, db::DatabaseError>((
+                ENTITY_ID,
+                DummyEntity {
+                    payload_version: 1,
+                    payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
+                },
+            ))
+        })
+    })
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(verified.entity.payload, b"payload-v1".to_vec());
+
+    drop(keyholder);
+    let sealed_keyholder = KeyHolder::spawn(KeyHolder::new(db.clone()).await.unwrap());
+
+    let err = lookup_verified_from_query(&mut conn, &sealed_keyholder, |_| {
+        Box::pin(async {
+            Ok::<_, db::DatabaseError>((
+                ENTITY_ID,
+                DummyEntity {
+                    payload_version: 1,
+                    payload: b"payload-v1".to_vec(),
+                },
+            ))
+        })
+    })
+    .await
+    .unwrap_err();
+
+    assert!(matches!(
+        err,
+        Error::Keyholder(crate::actors::keyholder::Error::NotBootstrapped)
+    ));
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/integrity/v1/verified.rs

@@ -18,23 +18,22 @@ pub trait VerificationOrigin: private::Sealed {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
 pub struct Root;
 
-impl private::Sealed for Root {}
-impl VerificationOrigin for Root {
-    type Origin = Self;
-}
-
 /// Nested provenance marker carrying the source integrable type and previous
 /// provenance marker in the chain.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct Nested<From, P: VerificationOrigin = Root>(core::marker::PhantomData<(From, P)>);
 
-impl<T, P: VerificationOrigin> private::Sealed for Nested<T, P> {}
+impl private::Sealed for Root {}
-impl<T, P: VerificationOrigin> VerificationOrigin for Nested<T, P> {
+impl VerificationOrigin for Root {
-    type Origin = P::Origin;
+    type Origin = Self;
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] 
+impl<T, P: VerificationOrigin> private::Sealed for Nested<T, P> {}
-// #[derive(Copy)] // fixme!: soundness: Unimplemented Copy helps to avoid accidentally origin-unqualifying due to Deref impl.
+impl<T, P: VerificationOrigin> VerificationOrigin for Nested<T, P> {
+    type Origin = P;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(transparent)]
 #[must_use = "Verified<T> is a proof-bearing wrapper; use self.drop_verification_provenance() to explicitly discard integrity provenance when needed"]
 pub struct Verified<T, O: VerificationOrigin = Root> {
@@ -42,38 +41,46 @@ pub struct Verified<T, O: VerificationOrigin = Root> {
     origin: core::marker::PhantomData<O>,
 }
 
-impl<T, O: VerificationOrigin> AsRef<T> for Verified<T, O> {
+impl<T, O: VerificationOrigin> AsRef<Verified<T, O>> for Verified<&T, O> {
-    fn as_ref(&self) -> &T {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &Verified<T, O> {
-        &self.inner
+        // SAFETY: `Verified<T>` is `#[repr(transparent)]` over `T`, so `&T`
+        // and `&Verified<T>` have identical layout.
+        unsafe { reinterpret_layout_ref::<T, Verified<T, O>>(self.inner) }
     }
 }
 
-impl<T, N: Integrable, O: VerificationOrigin> Deref for Verified<T, Nested<N, O>> {
+impl<T, U: Integrable, O: VerificationOrigin> Deref for Verified<T, Nested<U, O>> {
     type Target = Verified<T, O::Origin>;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        // SAFETY: `Verified<T, _>` is `#[repr(transparent)]` over `T`, so
+        // SAFETY: `Verified<T, Nested<U, O>>` is `#[repr(transparent)]` over `T`, so `&Verified<T, Nested<U, O>>`
-        // `&Verified<T, Nested<U, O>>` and `&Verified<T, O::Origin>` have identical layout.
+        // and `&Nested<U, O>` have identical layout.
-        unsafe { &*(self as *const Self as *const Verified<T, O::Origin>) }
+        unsafe { reinterpret_layout_ref::<Self, Verified<T, O::Origin>>(self) }
     }
 }
 impl<T> Deref for Verified<T, Root> {
     type Target = T;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        AsRef::as_ref(self)
+        &self.inner
     }
 }
 
 impl<T, O: VerificationOrigin> Verified<T, O> {
     /// Unwraps the verified value, discarding the integrity provenance.
+    ///
+    /// The name is intentionally verbose — call sites where provenance is
+    /// dropped should be easy to find and audit.
     pub fn drop_verification_provenance(self) -> T {
         self.inner
     }
 
-    /// Downgrades the origin provenance by recursively resolving the terminal
+    /// Downgrades the origin provenance to any lower nestedness level,
-    /// origin of the verification chain.
+    /// e.g. `Verified<T, Nested<Other>>` to `Verified<T, Root>`.
-    pub fn unqualify_origin(self) -> Verified<T, O::Origin> {
+    pub fn unqualify_origin<Target: VerificationOrigin>(self) -> Verified<T, Target>
+    where
+        O: VerificationOrigin<Origin = Target>,
+    {
         Verified {
             inner: self.inner,
             origin: core::marker::PhantomData,
@@ -81,71 +88,506 @@ impl<T, O: VerificationOrigin> Verified<T, O> {
     }
 
     /// Constructs a `Verified<T>` by wrapping a `T`.
-    #[cfg(not(test))]
+    pub(super) fn new(value: T) -> Self {
-    pub(super) const fn new(value: T) -> Self {
         Self {
             inner: value,
             origin: core::marker::PhantomData,
         }
     }
+
+    /// Constructs a `Verified<T>` from a raw value without performing any
+    /// integrity check. Only available in test builds; use the integrity
+    /// module's functions to obtain a `Verified<T>` in production code.
     #[cfg(test)]
-    pub(crate) const fn new(value: T) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new_unchecked(value: T) -> Self {
         Self {
             inner: value,
             origin: core::marker::PhantomData,
         }
     }
+
+    /// Reinterprets `&T` as `&Verified<T>`.
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(super) fn from_ref(from: &T) -> &Self {
+        // SAFETY: `Self` is `#[repr(transparent)]` over `T`.
+        unsafe { reinterpret_layout_ref::<T, Self>(from) }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Bit-copies `value: From` into a `To`, suppressing the source destructor so
+/// the destination owns the bytes.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// The caller must guarantee that `From` and `To` have identical in-memory
+/// layout — the raw bytes that encode a valid `From` must also encode a valid
+/// `To`.
+///
+/// A `union` is used instead of [`std::mem::transmute`] because `transmute`
+/// rejects generic source/destination types at the call site even when their
+/// sizes are provably equal at monomorphization time.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[inline]
+pub const unsafe fn reinterpret_layout<From, To>(value: From) -> To {
+    const {
+        assert!(
+            ::std::mem::size_of::<From>() == ::std::mem::size_of::<To>(),
+            "reinterpret_layout: source and destination must have identical size"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            ::std::mem::align_of::<From>() == ::std::mem::align_of::<To>(),
+            "reinterpret_layout: source and destination must have identical alignment"
+        );
+    }
+    union Reinterpret<A, B> {
+        from: ::std::mem::ManuallyDrop<A>,
+        to: ::std::mem::ManuallyDrop<B>,
+    }
+    // SAFETY: caller guarantees layout equivalence (see fn docs). The union
+    // write-read copies the raw bytes of `value` into a `To` slot, and
+    // `ManuallyDrop` on the source side suppresses its destructor so the
+    // destination owns the bytes unambiguously — no double-drop is possible.
+    unsafe {
+        ::std::mem::ManuallyDrop::into_inner(
+            Reinterpret {
+                from: ::std::mem::ManuallyDrop::new(value),
+            }
+            .to,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Reinterprets `&From` as `&To` via a layout-preserving pointer cast.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// Same invariants as [`reinterpret_layout`].
+#[inline]
+pub const unsafe fn reinterpret_layout_ref<From, To>(value: &From) -> &To {
+    const {
+        assert!(
+            ::std::mem::size_of::<From>() == ::std::mem::size_of::<To>(),
+            "reinterpret_layout_ref: source and destination must have identical size"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            ::std::mem::align_of::<From>() == ::std::mem::align_of::<To>(),
+            "reinterpret_layout_ref: source and destination must have identical alignment"
+        );
+    }
+    // SAFETY: caller guarantees layout equivalence (see fn docs). A reference
+    // cast between identically-laid-out types produces a reference with the
+    // same address and lifetime, which is sound.
+    unsafe { &*(value as *const From as *const To) }
+}
+
+/// Implemented on `Verified<T>` by [`VerifiedFields!`], exposing the field-wise counterpart.
+///
+/// ## Disclaimer
+/// Do not implement this trait manually. It is intended to be implemented only
+/// by the `VerifiedFields!` macro, which generates the necessary layout
+/// guarantees for sound pointer casts.
+///
+/// ## Soundness
+/// When [`verify_entity`][crate::crypto::integrity::verify_entity] attests an
+/// entity, it returns `Verified<T>` — an aggregate proof over the whole value.
+/// This trait converts that wrapper into `Counterpart` (e.g.
+/// `VerifiedMyStruct`), where every field is individually wrapped in
+/// [`Verified`], allowing verified data to flow into functions that require
+/// `Verified<FieldType>` without re-verifying.
+///
+/// ## Safety
+/// The conversion is a zero-cost reinterpretation — no copying (beyond a
+/// bitwise move in the owned variant) or HMAC work occurs. Soundness rests on
+/// identical memory layout between `Verified<T>` and `Counterpart`:
+///
+/// - `T` carries `#[repr(C)]` (enforced by `@require_repr` in the macro).
+/// - `T` does **not** carry `packed` (enforced by `@reject_packed`).
+/// - `Counterpart` also carries `#[repr(C)]`, with the same fields in the same
+///   order.
+/// - Each `Verified<F>` field is `#[repr(transparent)]` over `F`, so its size
+///   and alignment match `F` exactly.
+/// - `Verified<T>` itself is `#[repr(transparent)]` over `T`.
+///
+/// As an additional machine-checked guard, [`reinterpret_layout`] and
+/// [`reinterpret_layout_ref`] assert size/align equality of the two types at
+/// monomorphization time.
+///
+/// The trait is implemented directly on `Verified<T>` (not on `T`), so no
+/// `Deref`-coercion or auto-ref stripping is needed at call sites — the impl
+/// is unambiguous.
+pub trait VerifiedFieldsAccessor {
+    /// The field-wise verified counterpart, e.g. `VerifiedMyStruct`.
+    type Counterpart;
+
+    /// Reinterprets `&self` as `&Counterpart` via a layout-preserving pointer cast.
+    ///
+    /// No data is copied and no re-verification occurs. The returned reference
+    /// borrows from `self` and has the same lifetime.
+    fn inherit_ref(&self) -> &Self::Counterpart;
+
+    /// Consumes `self` and returns `Counterpart` via a layout-preserving
+    /// bitwise move.
+    ///
+    /// The original `Verified<T>` is moved without running its destructor
+    /// (there is none — `Verified` is a transparent wrapper with no heap
+    /// allocation), and the returned counterpart owns the original bytes. No
+    /// re-verification occurs.
+    fn inherit(self) -> Self::Counterpart;
+}
+
+// todo! rewrite macro_rules to derive crate
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! VerifiedFields {
+    // --- Entry point (no source generics) ---
+    (
+        $(#$attr:tt)*
+        $vis:vis struct $name:ident
+        {
+            $(
+                $field_vis:vis $field_name:ident : $field_ty:ty
+            ),* $(,)?
+        }
+    ) => {
+        // Attribute-list checks run in isolation — they only receive the attrs,
+        // not the struct body.
+        $crate::VerifiedFields!(@require_repr [$(#$attr)*]);
+        $crate::VerifiedFields!(@reject_packed [$(#$attr)*]);
+
+        paste::paste! {
+            #[doc = concat!(
+                "Field-wise verified counterpart of [`", stringify!($name), "`]."
+            )]
+            //
+            // `#[repr(C)]` is required for the pointer casts in `inherit_ref`
+            // and `inherit` to be sound. Both the source struct (enforced by
+            // `@require_repr`) and this counterpart carry `#[repr(C)]`, which
+            // guarantees matching field offsets. Combined with each
+            // `Verified<F>` being `#[repr(transparent)]` over `F`, the two
+            // structs have identical memory layout.
+            //
+            // `#[repr(transparent)]` is not usable here because it only permits
+            // a single non-ZST field; multi-field structs would fail to compile.
+            #[repr(C)]
+            $vis struct [<Verified $name>]<P: $crate::crypto::integrity::v1::verified::VerificationOrigin>
+            {
+                $(
+                    $field_vis $field_name : $crate::crypto::integrity::Verified<$field_ty, P>
+                ),*
+            }
+
+            impl<P: $crate::crypto::integrity::v1::verified::VerificationOrigin>
+                $crate::crypto::integrity::v1::verified::VerifiedFieldsAccessor
+                for $crate::crypto::integrity::Verified<$name, P>
+            {
+                type Counterpart = [<Verified $name>]<P>;
+
+                fn inherit_ref(&self) -> &Self::Counterpart {
+                    // SAFETY: `Self` is `Verified<T>` (transparent over
+                    // `T #[repr(C)]`) and `Self::Counterpart` is `#[repr(C)]`
+                    // with the same fields in the same order, each wrapped in
+                    // a `#[repr(transparent)]` `Verified<F>`. The two types
+                    // therefore have identical memory layout, which
+                    // `reinterpret_layout_ref` re-checks as size/align
+                    // equality at monomorphization.
+                    unsafe {
+                        $crate::crypto::integrity::v1::verified::reinterpret_layout_ref::<
+                            Self,
+                            Self::Counterpart,
+                        >(self)
+                    }
+                }
+
+                fn inherit(self) -> Self::Counterpart {
+                    // SAFETY: identical layout — see `inherit_ref`. The owned
+                    // helper additionally suppresses the source destructor so
+                    // the returned counterpart owns the original bytes (no
+                    // double-drop is possible).
+                    unsafe {
+                        $crate::crypto::integrity::v1::verified::reinterpret_layout::<
+                            Self,
+                            Self::Counterpart,
+                        >(self)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    // --- Entry point (source has generics) ---
+    (
+        $(#$attr:tt)*
+        $vis:vis struct $name:ident <$($gen:tt),*>
+        {
+            $(
+                $field_vis:vis $field_name:ident : $field_ty:ty
+            ),* $(,)?
+        }
+    ) => {
+        // Attribute-list checks run in isolation — they only receive the attrs,
+        // not the struct body.
+        $crate::VerifiedFields!(@require_repr [$(#$attr)*]);
+        $crate::VerifiedFields!(@reject_packed [$(#$attr)*]);
+
+        paste::paste! {
+            #[doc = concat!(
+                "Field-wise verified counterpart of [`", stringify!($name), "`]."
+            )]
+            //
+            // `#[repr(C)]` is required for the pointer casts in `inherit_ref`
+            // and `inherit` to be sound. Both the source struct (enforced by
+            // `@require_repr`) and this counterpart carry `#[repr(C)]`, which
+            // guarantees matching field offsets. Combined with each
+            // `Verified<F>` being `#[repr(transparent)]` over `F`, the two
+            // structs have identical memory layout.
+            //
+            // `#[repr(transparent)]` is not usable here because it only permits
+            // a single non-ZST field; multi-field structs would fail to compile.
+            #[repr(C)]
+            $vis struct [<Verified $name>]<$($gen),*, P: $crate::crypto::integrity::v1::verified::VerificationOrigin>
+            {
+                $(
+                    $field_vis $field_name : $crate::crypto::integrity::Verified<$field_ty, P>
+                ),*
+            }
+
+            impl<$($gen),*, P: $crate::crypto::integrity::v1::verified::VerificationOrigin>
+                $crate::crypto::integrity::v1::verified::VerifiedFieldsAccessor
+                for $crate::crypto::integrity::Verified<$name<$($gen),*>, P>
+            {
+                type Counterpart = [<Verified $name>]<$($gen),*, P>;
+
+                fn inherit_ref(&self) -> &Self::Counterpart {
+                    // SAFETY: `Self` is `Verified<T>` (transparent over
+                    // `T #[repr(C)]`) and `Self::Counterpart` is `#[repr(C)]`
+                    // with the same fields in the same order, each wrapped in
+                    // a `#[repr(transparent)]` `Verified<F>`. The two types
+                    // therefore have identical memory layout, which
+                    // `reinterpret_layout_ref` re-checks as size/align
+                    // equality at monomorphization.
+                    unsafe {
+                        $crate::crypto::integrity::v1::verified::reinterpret_layout_ref::<
+                            Self,
+                            Self::Counterpart,
+                        >(self)
+                    }
+                }
+
+                fn inherit(self) -> Self::Counterpart {
+                    // SAFETY: identical layout — see `inherit_ref`. The owned
+                    // helper additionally suppresses the source destructor so
+                    // the returned counterpart owns the original bytes (no
+                    // double-drop is possible).
+                    unsafe {
+                        $crate::crypto::integrity::v1::verified::reinterpret_layout::<
+                            Self,
+                            Self::Counterpart,
+                        >(self)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    // --- @require_repr: ensure `#[repr(C)]` appears in the attribute list ---
+    (@require_repr [#[repr(C)] $($rest:tt)*]) => {};
+    (@require_repr [#$other:tt $($rest:tt)*]) => {
+        $crate::VerifiedFields!(@require_repr [$($rest)*]);
+    };
+    (@require_repr []) => {
+        ::std::compile_error!(
+            "VerifiedFields requires `#[repr(C)]` on the struct to guarantee field layout"
+        );
+    };
+
+    // --- @reject_packed: walk attrs and reject any `#[repr(..., packed, ...)]`.
+    //
+    // Without this, a packed struct would still fail at monomorphization via
+    // the const assertions inside the `reinterpret_layout*` helpers, but the
+    // diagnostic would be much harder to read. `align(N)` is *not* rejected
+    // here because const assertions catch alignment mismatches cleanly, and
+    // forbidding it would be unnecessarily restrictive.
+    (@reject_packed [#[repr($($inner:tt)*)] $($rest:tt)*]) => {
+        $crate::VerifiedFields!(@reject_packed_inner [$($inner)*]);
+        $crate::VerifiedFields!(@reject_packed [$($rest)*]);
+    };
+    (@reject_packed [#$other:tt $($rest:tt)*]) => {
+        $crate::VerifiedFields!(@reject_packed [$($rest)*]);
+    };
+    (@reject_packed []) => {};
+
+    (@reject_packed_inner [packed $($rest:tt)*]) => {
+        ::std::compile_error!(
+            "VerifiedFields does not support packed layouts; the generated \
+             counterpart would not share layout with the source struct"
+        );
+    };
+    (@reject_packed_inner [$first:tt $($rest:tt)*]) => {
+        $crate::VerifiedFields!(@reject_packed_inner [$($rest)*]);
+    };
+    (@reject_packed_inner []) => {};
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
-    use crate::crypto::integrity::v1::hashing::Hashable;
+    #[derive(VerifiedFields!)]
-    use hmac::digest::Digest;
+    #[repr(C)]
-    use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};
+    #[derive(Default, Clone)]
+    pub struct MyStruct<T> {
+        pub field1: String,
+        pub field2: T,
+    }
 
-    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    fn verify<T>(t: T) -> Verified<T> {
-    struct Marker;
+        Verified {
-
+            inner: t,
-    impl Hashable for Marker {
+            origin: core::marker::PhantomData,
-        fn hash<H: Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-            hasher.update(b"marker");
         }
     }
 
-    impl Integrable for Marker {
+    // --- inherit_ref ---
-        const KIND: &'static str = "marker";
+
+    // Verifies that `inherit_ref` returns a reference to the same memory
+    // address, confirming that no copy is made and the cast is purely a
+    // reinterpretation.
+    #[test]
+    fn inherit_ref_is_same_address() {
+        let v = verify(MyStruct {
+            field1: "hello".into(),
+            field2: 42u32,
+        });
+        let fields = v.inherit_ref();
+        assert_eq!(
+            &v as *const _ as *const u8, fields as *const _ as *const u8,
+            "inherit_ref must return a pointer to the same memory, not a copy"
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Verifies that field values are correctly accessible after `inherit_ref`.
+    #[test]
+    fn inherit_ref_field_values() {
+        let v = verify(MyStruct {
+            field1: "hello".into(),
+            field2: 99u32,
+        });
+        let fields = v.inherit_ref();
+        assert_eq!(*fields.field1, "hello");
+        assert_eq!(*fields.field2, 99u32);
+    }
+
+    // Verifies that casting the counterpart back to `Verified<T>` via a raw
+    // pointer lands on the original address — confirms the round-trip is a
+    // pure reinterpretation.
+    #[test]
+    fn inherit_ref_cast_roundtrip() {
+        let v = verify(MyStruct {
+            field1: "x".into(),
+            field2: 7u32,
+        });
+        let fields: &VerifiedMyStruct<u32, Root> = v.inherit_ref();
+        let back_ptr =
+            fields as *const VerifiedMyStruct<u32, Root> as *const Verified<MyStruct<u32>>;
+        assert_eq!(
+            back_ptr as *const u8, &v as *const _ as *const u8,
+            "cast of counterpart must point back to the same Verified<T>"
+        );
+    }
+
+    // ZST fields must still produce a counterpart with identical layout — the
+    // const asserts in `reinterpret_layout_ref` guard this at monomorphization.
+    #[test]
+    fn inherit_ref_with_zst_field() {
+        #[derive(VerifiedFields!)]
+        #[repr(C)]
+        struct WithZst {
+            pub unit: (),
+            pub val: u64,
+        }
+
+        let v = Verified::<WithZst>::new_unchecked(WithZst { unit: (), val: 777 });
+        let fields = v.inherit_ref();
+        assert_eq!(*fields.val, 777);
+        assert_eq!(*fields.unit, ());
+    }
+
+    // --- inherit ---
+
+    // Verifies that `inherit` preserves field values in the owned counterpart.
+    #[test]
+    fn inherit_field_values() {
+        let v = verify(MyStruct {
+            field1: "world".into(),
+            field2: 1234u64,
+        });
+        let VerifiedMyStruct { field1, field2 } = v.inherit();
+        assert_eq!(*field1, "world");
+        assert_eq!(*field2, 1234u64);
+    }
+
+    // Verifies that `inherit` does not double-drop the inner value.
+    // If `ManuallyDrop` handling is wrong, running under Miri or with a drop
+    // counter catches a double-free.
+    #[test]
+    fn inherit_no_double_drop() {
+        use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+
+        static DROP_COUNT: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
+
+        struct DropCounter;
+        impl Drop for DropCounter {
+            fn drop(&mut self) {
+                DROP_COUNT.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[derive(VerifiedFields!)]
+        #[repr(C)]
+        struct WithDrop {
+            pub val: DropCounter,
+        }
+
+        DROP_COUNT.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        {
+            let v = Verified::<WithDrop>::new_unchecked(WithDrop { val: DropCounter });
+            let _ = v.inherit();
+        }
+        assert_eq!(
+            DROP_COUNT.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+            1,
+            "DropCounter must be dropped exactly once"
+        );
+    }
+
+    // --- Verified::from_ref ---
+
+    #[test]
+    fn from_ref_is_same_address() {
+        let val = 42u32;
+        let verified: &Verified<u32> = Verified::from_ref(&val);
+        assert_eq!(
+            &val as *const u32 as *const u8, verified as *const _ as *const u8,
+            "from_ref must alias the original reference, not copy the value"
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn verified_root_exposes_inner_value() {
+    fn from_ref_value_preserved() {
-        let verified = Verified::<_, Root>::new("root-value");
+        let val = String::from("test");
-
+        let verified: &Verified<String> = Verified::from_ref(&val);
-        assert_eq!(verified.as_ref(), &"root-value");
+        assert_eq!(**verified, "test");
-        assert_eq!(*verified, "root-value");
-        assert_eq!(verified.drop_verification_provenance(), "root-value");
-        assert_eq!(size_of::<Verified<&str>>(), size_of::<&str>());
-        assert_eq!(align_of::<Verified<&str>>(), align_of::<&str>());
     }
 
+    // --- AsRef<Verified<T>> for Verified<&T> ---
+
     #[test]
-    fn nested_verified_derefs_back_to_root() {
+    fn verified_ref_as_ref_is_same_address() {
-        let verified: Verified<_, Nested<Marker, Nested<Marker>>> = Verified::new("nested-value");
+        let val = 99u32;
-
+        let vref: Verified<&u32> = Verified::new_unchecked(&val);
-        let _: &Verified<&str, Root> = &verified;
+        let v: &Verified<u32> = vref.as_ref();
-        let root_view: Verified<&str, Root> = verified.unqualify_origin();
+        assert_eq!(
-
+            &val as *const u32 as *const u8, v as *const _ as *const u8,
-        assert_eq!(root_view.as_ref(), &"nested-value");
+            "AsRef<Verified<T>> for Verified<&T> must alias the referent, not copy it"
-    }
+        );
-
-    #[test]
-    fn nested_verified_can_be_unqualified_to_root() {
-        let verified: Verified<_, Nested<Marker>> = Verified::new("nested-value");
-
-        let downgraded = verified.unqualify_origin();
-
-        assert_eq!(downgraded.as_ref(), &"nested-value");
-        assert_eq!(downgraded.drop_verification_provenance(), "nested-value");
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/crypto/mod.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use rand::{
     rngs::{StdRng, SysRng},
 };
 
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+use crate::safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 
 pub mod encryption;
 pub mod integrity;
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ mod tests {
         derive_key,
         encryption::v1::{Nonce, generate_salt},
     };
-    use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
+    use crate::safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 
     #[test]
     pub fn encrypt_decrypt() {

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/db/models.rs

@@ -72,6 +72,40 @@ pub mod types {
             Ok(SqliteTimestamp(datetime))
         }
     }
+
+    /// Key algorithm stored in the `useragent_client.key_type` column.
+    /// Values must stay stable — they are persisted in the database.
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, FromSqlRow, AsExpression, strum::FromRepr)]
+    #[diesel(sql_type = Integer)]
+    #[repr(i32)]
+    pub enum KeyType {
+        Ed25519 = 1,
+        EcdsaSecp256k1 = 2,
+        Rsa = 3,
+    }
+
+    impl ToSql<Integer, Sqlite> for KeyType {
+        fn to_sql<'b>(
+            &'b self,
+            out: &mut diesel::serialize::Output<'b, '_, Sqlite>,
+        ) -> diesel::serialize::Result {
+            out.set_value(*self as i32);
+            Ok(IsNull::No)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl FromSql<Integer, Sqlite> for KeyType {
+        fn from_sql(
+            mut bytes: <Sqlite as diesel::backend::Backend>::RawValue<'_>,
+        ) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
+            let Some(SqliteType::Long) = bytes.value_type() else {
+                return Err("Expected Integer for KeyType".into());
+            };
+            let discriminant = bytes.read_long();
+            KeyType::from_repr(discriminant as i32)
+                .ok_or_else(|| format!("Unknown KeyType discriminant: {discriminant}").into())
+        }
+    }
 }
 pub use types::*;
 
@@ -210,6 +244,7 @@ pub struct UseragentClient {
     pub public_key: Vec<u8>,
     pub created_at: SqliteTimestamp,
     pub updated_at: SqliteTimestamp,
+    pub key_type: KeyType,
 }
 
 #[derive(Models, Queryable, Debug, Insertable, Selectable)]

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/mod.rs

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
 use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
 
 use crate::{
-    actors::vault::Vault,
+    actors::keyholder::KeyHolder,
-    crypto::integrity,
+    crypto::integrity::{self, Verified, VerifiedEntity, verified::VerifiedFieldsAccessor},
     db::{
         self, DatabaseError,
         models::{
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ async fn check_shared_constraints(
 // Supporting only EIP-1559 transactions for now, but we can easily extend this to support legacy transactions if needed
 pub struct Engine {
     db: db::DatabasePool,
-    vault: ActorRef<Vault>,
+    keyholder: ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
 }
 
 impl Engine {
@@ -153,12 +153,39 @@ impl Engine {
     {
         let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
 
-        let grant = P::try_find_grant(&context, &mut conn)
+        let verified_settings =
+            match integrity::lookup_verified_from_query(&mut conn, &self.keyholder, |conn| {
+                let context = context.clone();
+                Box::pin(async move {
+                    let grant = P::try_find_grant(&context, conn)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(DatabaseError::from)?
+                        .ok_or_else(|| DatabaseError::from(diesel::result::Error::NotFound))?;
+
+                    Ok::<_, DatabaseError>((grant.common_settings_id, grant.settings))
+                })
+            })
+            .await
+            {
+                Ok(verified) => verified,
+                Err(integrity::Error::Database(DatabaseError::Connection(
+                    diesel::result::Error::NotFound,
+                ))) => return Err(PolicyError::NoMatchingGrant),
+                Err(err) => return Err(PolicyError::Integrity(err)),
+            };
+
+        let mut grant = P::try_find_grant(&context, &mut conn)
             .await
             .map_err(DatabaseError::from)?
             .ok_or(PolicyError::NoMatchingGrant)?;
 
-        integrity::verify_entity(&mut conn, &self.vault, &grant.settings, grant.id).await?;
+        // IMPORTANT: policy evaluation uses extra non-integrity fields from Grant
+        // (e.g., per-policy ids), so we currently reload Grant after the query-native
+        // integrity check over canonicalized settings.
+        grant.settings = verified_settings
+            .inherit()
+            .entity
+            .drop_verification_provenance();
 
         let mut violations = check_shared_constraints(
             &context,
@@ -207,19 +234,19 @@ impl Engine {
 }
 
 impl Engine {
-    pub fn new(db: db::DatabasePool, vault: ActorRef<Vault>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(db: db::DatabasePool, keyholder: ActorRef<KeyHolder>) -> Self {
-        Self { db, vault }
+        Self { db, keyholder }
     }
 
     pub async fn create_grant<P: Policy>(
         &self,
         full_grant: CombinedSettings<P::Settings>,
-    ) -> Result<i32, DatabaseError>
+    ) -> Result<Verified<i32>, DatabaseError>
     where
         P::Settings: Clone,
     {
         let mut conn = self.db.get().await?;
-        let vault = self.vault.clone();
+        let keyholder = self.keyholder.clone();
 
         let id = conn
             .transaction(|conn| {
@@ -258,22 +285,23 @@ impl Engine {
 
                     P::create_grant(&basic_grant, &full_grant.specific, conn).await?;
 
-                    integrity::sign_entity(conn, &vault, &full_grant, basic_grant.id)
+                    let verified_entity_id =
+                        integrity::sign_entity(conn, &keyholder, &full_grant, basic_grant.id)
                             .await
                             .map_err(|_| diesel::result::Error::RollbackTransaction)?;
 
-                    QueryResult::Ok(basic_grant.id)
+                    QueryResult::Ok(verified_entity_id)
                 })
             })
             .await?;
 
-        Ok(id)
+        Ok(id.unqualify_origin())
     }
 
     async fn list_one_kind<Kind: Policy, Y>(
         &self,
         conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    ) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Grant<Y>>, ListError>
+    ) -> Result<Vec<Grant<Y>>, ListError>
     where
         Y: From<Kind::Settings>,
     {
@@ -281,16 +309,32 @@ impl Engine {
             .await
             .map_err(DatabaseError::from)?;
 
-        // Verify integrity of all grants before returning any results
+        let mut verified_grants = Vec::with_capacity(all_grants.len());
-        for grant in &all_grants {
+
-            integrity::verify_entity(conn, &self.vault, &grant.settings, grant.id).await?;
+        // Verify integrity of all grants before returning any results.
+        for grant in all_grants {
+            let VerifiedEntity {
+                entity: verified_settings,
+                entity_id: _,
+            } = integrity::verify_entity(
+                conn,
+                &self.keyholder,
+                grant.settings,
+                grant.common_settings_id,
+            )
+            .await?
+            .inherit();
+
+            verified_grants.push(Grant {
+                id: grant.id,
+                common_settings_id: grant.common_settings_id,
+                settings: verified_settings
+                    .drop_verification_provenance()
+                    .generalize(),
+            });
         }
 
-        Ok(all_grants.into_iter().map(|g| Grant {
+        Ok(verified_grants)
-            id: g.id,
-            common_settings_id: g.common_settings_id,
-            settings: g.settings.generalize(),
-        }))
     }
 
     pub async fn list_all_grants(&self) -> Result<Vec<Grant<SpecificGrant>>, ListError> {

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies.rs

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ pub enum SpecificGrant {
     TokenTransfer(token_transfers::Settings),
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct CombinedSettings<PolicyGrant> {
     pub shared: SharedGrantSettings,
     pub specific: PolicyGrant,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies/ether_transfer/mod.rs

@@ -110,7 +110,8 @@ async fn check_rate_limits(
     let mut violations = Vec::new();
     let window = grant.settings.specific.limit.window;
 
-    let past_transaction = query_relevant_past_transaction(grant.id, window, db).await?;
+    let past_transaction =
+        query_relevant_past_transaction(grant.common_settings_id, window, db).await?;
 
     let window_start = chrono::Utc::now() - grant.settings.specific.limit.window;
     let prospective_cumulative_volume: U256 = past_transaction
@@ -249,21 +250,20 @@ impl Policy for EtherTransfer {
             })
             .collect();
 
-        let settings = Settings {
-            target: targets,
-            limit: VolumeRateLimit {
-                max_volume: utils::try_bytes_to_u256(&limit.max_volume)
-                    .map_err(|err| diesel::result::Error::DeserializationError(Box::new(err)))?,
-                window: chrono::Duration::seconds(limit.window_secs as i64),
-            },
-        };
-
         Ok(Some(Grant {
             id: grant.id,
             common_settings_id: grant.basic_grant_id,
             settings: CombinedSettings {
                 shared: SharedGrantSettings::try_from_model(basic_grant)?,
-                specific: settings,
+                specific: Settings {
+                    target: targets,
+                    limit: VolumeRateLimit {
+                        max_volume: utils::try_bytes_to_u256(&limit.max_volume).map_err(|err| {
+                            diesel::result::Error::DeserializationError(Box::new(err))
+                        })?,
+                        window: chrono::Duration::seconds(limit.window_secs as i64),
+                    },
+                },
             },
         }))
     }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/policies/token_transfers/mod.rs

@@ -286,18 +286,16 @@ impl Policy for TokenTransfer {
             }
         };
 
-        let settings = Settings {
-            token_contract: Address::from(token_contract),
-            target,
-            volume_limits,
-        };
-
         Ok(Some(Grant {
             id: token_grant.id,
             common_settings_id: token_grant.basic_grant_id,
             settings: CombinedSettings {
                 shared: SharedGrantSettings::try_from_model(basic_grant)?,
-                specific: settings,
+                specific: Settings {
+                    token_contract: Address::from(token_contract),
+                    target,
+                    volume_limits,
+                },
             },
         }))
     }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/evm/safe_signer.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 use std::sync::Mutex;
 
+use crate::safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 use alloy::{
     consensus::SignableTransaction,
     network::{TxSigner, TxSignerSync},
     primitives::{Address, B256, ChainId, Signature},
     signers::{Error, Result, Signer, SignerSync, utils::secret_key_to_address},
 };
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use k256::ecdsa::{self, RecoveryId, SigningKey, signature::hazmat::PrehashSigner};
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/client.rs

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::{info, warn};
 
 use crate::{
+    actors::client::{ClientConnection, session::ClientSession},
     grpc::request_tracker::RequestTracker,
-    peers::client::{ClientConnection, session::ClientSession},
 };
 
 mod auth;

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/client/auth.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::authn;
 use arbiter_proto::{
     ClientMetadata,
     proto::{
@@ -22,9 +21,9 @@ use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::warn;
 
 use crate::{
-    crypto::integrity::{Nested, Verified},
+    actors::client::{self, ClientConnection, auth},
+    crypto::integrity::Verified,
     grpc::request_tracker::RequestTracker,
-    peers::client::{self, ClientConnection, ClientCredentials, auth},
 };
 
 pub struct AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ impl<'a> AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
         match response {
             auth::Outbound::AuthChallenge { pubkey, nonce } => {
                 AuthResponsePayload::Challenge(ProtoAuthChallenge {
-                    pubkey: pubkey.to_bytes(),
+                    pubkey: pubkey.to_bytes().to_vec(),
                     nonce,
                 })
             }
@@ -162,7 +161,11 @@ impl Receiver<auth::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
                         .await;
                     return None;
                 };
-                let Ok(pubkey) = authn::PublicKey::try_from(pubkey.as_slice()) else {
+                let Ok(pubkey) = <[u8; 32]>::try_from(pubkey) else {
+                    let _ = self.send_auth_result(ProtoAuthResult::InvalidKey).await;
+                    return None;
+                };
+                let Ok(pubkey) = ed25519_dalek::VerifyingKey::from_bytes(&pubkey) else {
                     let _ = self.send_auth_result(ProtoAuthResult::InvalidKey).await;
                     return None;
                 };
@@ -172,7 +175,7 @@ impl Receiver<auth::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
                 })
             }
             AuthRequestPayload::ChallengeSolution(ProtoAuthChallengeSolution { signature }) => {
-                let Ok(signature) = authn::Signature::try_from(signature.as_slice()) else {
+                let Ok(signature) = ed25519_dalek::Signature::try_from(signature.as_slice()) else {
                     let _ = self
                         .send_auth_result(ProtoAuthResult::InvalidSignature)
                         .await;
@@ -198,7 +201,7 @@ pub async fn start(
     conn: &mut ClientConnection,
     bi: &mut GrpcBi<ClientRequest, ClientResponse>,
     request_tracker: &mut RequestTracker,
-) -> Result<Verified<i32, Nested<ClientCredentials>>, auth::Error> {
+) -> Result<Verified<i32>, auth::Error> {
     let mut transport = AuthTransportAdapter::new(bi, request_tracker);
     client::auth::authenticate(conn, &mut transport).await
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/client/evm.rs

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::warn;
 
 use crate::{
+    actors::client::session::{ClientSession, HandleSignTransaction, SignTransactionRpcError},
     grpc::{
         Convert, TryConvert,
         common::inbound::{RawEvmAddress, RawEvmTransaction},
     },
-    peers::client::session::{ClientSession, HandleSignTransaction, SignTransactionRpcError},
 };
 
 fn wrap_response(payload: EvmResponsePayload) -> ClientResponsePayload {

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/client/vault.rs

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, error::SendError};
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::actors::{
-    actors::vault::VaultState,
+    client::session::{ClientSession, Error, HandleQueryVaultState},
-    peers::client::session::{ClientSession, Error, HandleQueryVaultState},
+    keyholder::KeyHolderState,
 };
 
 pub(super) async fn dispatch(
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ pub(super) async fn dispatch(
     match payload {
         VaultRequestPayload::QueryState(_) => {
             let state = match actor.ask(HandleQueryVaultState {}).await {
-                Ok(VaultState::Unbootstrapped) => ProtoVaultState::Unbootstrapped,
+                Ok(KeyHolderState::Unbootstrapped) => ProtoVaultState::Unbootstrapped,
-                Ok(VaultState::Sealed) => ProtoVaultState::Sealed,
+                Ok(KeyHolderState::Sealed) => ProtoVaultState::Sealed,
-                Ok(VaultState::Unsealed) => ProtoVaultState::Unsealed,
+                Ok(KeyHolderState::Unsealed) => ProtoVaultState::Unsealed,
                 Err(SendError::HandlerError(Error::Internal)) => ProtoVaultState::Error,
                 Err(err) => {
                     warn!(error = ?err, "Failed to query vault state");

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/mod.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ use tonic::{Request, Response, Status, async_trait};
 use tracing::info;
 
 use crate::{
-    peers::{client::ClientConnection, user_agent::UserAgentConnection},
+    actors::{client::ClientConnection, user_agent::UserAgentConnection},
+    grpc::user_agent::start,
 };
 
 mod request_tracker;
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ impl arbiter_proto::proto::arbiter_service_server::ArbiterService for super::Ser
 
         let (bi, rx) = GrpcBi::from_bi_stream(req_stream);
 
-        tokio::spawn(user_agent::start(
+        tokio::spawn(start(
             UserAgentConnection {
                 db: self.context.db.clone(),
                 actors: self.context.actors.clone(),

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/user_agent.rs

@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ use arbiter_proto::{
     transport::{Error as TransportError, Receiver, Sender, grpc::GrpcBi},
 };
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
+use kameo::actor::{ActorRef, Spawn as _};
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::{error, info, warn};
 
 use crate::{
+    actors::user_agent::{OutOfBand, UserAgentConnection, UserAgentSession},
     grpc::request_tracker::RequestTracker,
-    peers::user_agent::{OutOfBand, UserAgentConnection, UserAgentSession},
 };
 
 mod auth;
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ mod inbound;
 mod outbound;
 mod sdk_client;
 mod vault;
-mod vault_gate;
 
 pub struct OutOfBandAdapter(mpsc::Sender<OutOfBand>);
 
@@ -125,23 +124,21 @@ pub async fn start(
 ) {
     let mut request_tracker = RequestTracker::default();
 
-    let (oob_sender, oob_receiver) = mpsc::channel(16);
+    let pubkey = match auth::start(&mut conn, &mut bi, &mut request_tracker).await {
-    let oob_adapter = OutOfBandAdapter(oob_sender);
+        Ok(pubkey) => pubkey,
-
-    let actor = {
-        let transport = auth::AuthTransportAdapter::new(&mut bi, &mut request_tracker);
-        match crate::peers::user_agent::start(&mut conn, transport, Box::new(oob_adapter)).await {
-            Ok(actor) => actor,
         Err(e) => {
-                warn!(error = ?e, "User agent connection failed");
+            warn!(error = ?e, "Authentication failed");
             return;
         }
-        }
     };
 
-    info!("User agent session established");
+    let (oob_sender, oob_receiver) = mpsc::channel(16);
+    let oob_adapter = OutOfBandAdapter(oob_sender);
 
-    dispatch_loop(bi, actor.clone(), oob_receiver, request_tracker).await;
+    let actor = UserAgentSession::spawn(UserAgentSession::new(conn, Box::new(oob_adapter)));
-    actor.kill();
+    let actor_for_cleanup = actor.clone();
+
+    info!(?pubkey, "User authenticated successfully");
+    dispatch_loop(bi, actor, oob_receiver, request_tracker).await;
+    actor_for_cleanup.kill();
 }
-

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/user_agent/auth.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::authn;
 use arbiter_proto::{
     proto::user_agent::{
         UserAgentRequest, UserAgentResponse,
@@ -6,7 +5,8 @@ use arbiter_proto::{
             self as proto_auth, AuthChallenge as ProtoAuthChallenge,
             AuthChallengeRequest as ProtoAuthChallengeRequest,
             AuthChallengeSolution as ProtoAuthChallengeSolution, AuthResult as ProtoAuthResult,
-            request::Payload as AuthRequestPayload, response::Payload as AuthResponsePayload,
+            KeyType as ProtoKeyType, request::Payload as AuthRequestPayload,
+            response::Payload as AuthResponsePayload,
         },
         user_agent_request::Payload as UserAgentRequestPayload,
         user_agent_response::Payload as UserAgentResponsePayload,
@@ -18,13 +18,14 @@ use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::warn;
 
 use crate::{
+    actors::user_agent::{AuthPublicKey, UserAgentConnection, auth},
+    db::models::KeyType,
     grpc::request_tracker::RequestTracker,
-    peers::user_agent::{AuthCredentials, UserAgentConnection, auth},
 };
 
 pub struct AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
-    pub(super) bi: &'a mut GrpcBi<UserAgentRequest, UserAgentResponse>,
+    bi: &'a mut GrpcBi<UserAgentRequest, UserAgentResponse>,
-    pub(super) request_tracker: &'a mut RequestTracker,
+    request_tracker: &'a mut RequestTracker,
 }
 
 impl<'a> AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
@@ -38,32 +39,16 @@ impl<'a> AuthTransportAdapter<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn bi_mut(&mut self) -> &mut GrpcBi<UserAgentRequest, UserAgentResponse> {
-        self.bi
-    }
-
-    pub(super) fn tracker_mut(&mut self) -> &mut RequestTracker {
-        self.request_tracker
-    }
-
-    pub(super) async fn send_response_payload(
-        &mut self,
-        payload: UserAgentResponsePayload,
-    ) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
-        self.bi
-            .send(Ok(UserAgentResponse {
-                id: Some(self.request_tracker.current_request_id()),
-                payload: Some(payload),
-            }))
-            .await
-    }
-
     async fn send_user_agent_response(
         &mut self,
         payload: AuthResponsePayload,
     ) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
-        self.send_response_payload(UserAgentResponsePayload::Auth(proto_auth::Response {
+        self.bi
+            .send(Ok(UserAgentResponse {
+                id: Some(self.request_tracker.current_request_id()),
+                payload: Some(UserAgentResponsePayload::Auth(proto_auth::Response {
                     payload: Some(payload),
+                })),
             }))
             .await
     }
@@ -156,8 +141,28 @@ impl Receiver<auth::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
             AuthRequestPayload::ChallengeRequest(ProtoAuthChallengeRequest {
                 pubkey,
                 bootstrap_token,
+                key_type,
             }) => {
-                let Ok(pubkey) = authn::PublicKey::try_from(pubkey.as_slice()) else {
+                let Ok(key_type) = ProtoKeyType::try_from(key_type) else {
+                    warn!(
+                        event = "received request with invalid key type",
+                        "grpc.useragent.auth_adapter"
+                    );
+                    return None;
+                };
+                let key_type = match key_type {
+                    ProtoKeyType::Ed25519 => KeyType::Ed25519,
+                    ProtoKeyType::EcdsaSecp256k1 => KeyType::EcdsaSecp256k1,
+                    ProtoKeyType::Rsa => KeyType::Rsa,
+                    ProtoKeyType::Unspecified => {
+                        warn!(
+                            event = "received request with unspecified key type",
+                            "grpc.useragent.auth_adapter"
+                        );
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                };
+                let Ok(pubkey) = AuthPublicKey::try_from((key_type, pubkey)) else {
                     warn!(
                         event = "received request with invalid public key",
                         "grpc.useragent.auth_adapter"
@@ -183,7 +188,7 @@ pub async fn start(
     conn: &mut UserAgentConnection,
     bi: &mut GrpcBi<UserAgentRequest, UserAgentResponse>,
     request_tracker: &mut RequestTracker,
-) -> Result<AuthCredentials, auth::Error> {
+) -> Result<AuthPublicKey, auth::Error> {
-    let mut transport = AuthTransportAdapter::new(bi, request_tracker);
+    let transport = AuthTransportAdapter::new(bi, request_tracker);
-    auth::authenticate(conn, &mut transport).await
+    auth::authenticate(conn, transport).await
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/user_agent/evm.rs

@@ -23,18 +23,18 @@ use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::warn;
 
 use crate::{
-    grpc::{
+    actors::user_agent::{
-        Convert, TryConvert,
-        common::inbound::{RawEvmAddress, RawEvmTransaction},
-    },
-    peers::user_agent::{
         UserAgentSession,
-        session::handlers::{
+        session::connection::{
             GrantMutationError, HandleEvmWalletCreate, HandleEvmWalletList, HandleGrantCreate,
             HandleGrantDelete, HandleGrantList, HandleSignTransaction,
             SignTransactionError as SessionSignTransactionError,
         },
     },
+    grpc::{
+        Convert, TryConvert,
+        common::inbound::{RawEvmAddress, RawEvmTransaction},
+    },
 };
 
 fn wrap_evm_response(payload: EvmResponsePayload) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ async fn handle_wallet_create(
 ) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let result = match actor.ask(HandleEvmWalletCreate {}).await {
         Ok((wallet_id, address)) => WalletCreateResult::Wallet(WalletEntry {
-            id: wallet_id,
+            id: wallet_id.drop_verification_provenance(),
             address: address.to_vec(),
         }),
         Err(err) => {
@@ -121,6 +121,9 @@ async fn handle_grant_list(
                 })
                 .collect(),
         }),
+        Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(GrantMutationError::VaultSealed)) => {
+            EvmGrantListResult::Error(ProtoEvmError::VaultSealed.into())
+        }
         Err(err) => {
             warn!(error = ?err, "Failed to list EVM grants");
             EvmGrantListResult::Error(ProtoEvmError::Internal.into())
@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ async fn handle_grant_create(
         .try_convert()?;
 
     let result = match actor.ask(HandleGrantCreate { basic, grant }).await {
-        Ok(grant_id) => EvmGrantCreateResult::GrantId(grant_id),
+        Ok(grant_id) => EvmGrantCreateResult::GrantId(grant_id.drop_verification_provenance()),
         Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(GrantMutationError::VaultSealed)) => {
             EvmGrantCreateResult::Error(ProtoEvmError::VaultSealed.into())
         }

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/user_agent/sdk_client.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::authn;
 use arbiter_proto::proto::{
     shared::ClientInfo as ProtoClientMetadata,
     user_agent::{
@@ -21,15 +20,15 @@ use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::{info, warn};
 
 use crate::{
-    db::models::NewEvmWalletAccess,
+    actors::user_agent::{
-    grpc::Convert,
-    peers::user_agent::{
         OutOfBand, UserAgentSession,
-        session::handlers::{
+        session::connection::{
             HandleGrantEvmWalletAccess, HandleListWalletAccess, HandleNewClientApprove,
             HandleRevokeEvmWalletAccess, HandleSdkClientList,
         },
     },
+    db::models::NewEvmWalletAccess,
+    grpc::Convert,
 };
 
 fn wrap_sdk_client_response(payload: SdkClientResponsePayload) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ pub(super) fn out_of_band_payload(oob: OutOfBand) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
     match oob {
         OutOfBand::ClientConnectionRequest { profile } => wrap_sdk_client_response(
             SdkClientResponsePayload::ConnectionRequest(ProtoSdkClientConnectionRequest {
-                pubkey: profile.pubkey.to_bytes(),
+                pubkey: profile.pubkey.to_bytes().to_vec(),
                 info: Some(ProtoClientMetadata {
                     name: profile.metadata.name,
                     description: profile.metadata.description,
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ pub(super) fn out_of_band_payload(oob: OutOfBand) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
         ),
         OutOfBand::ClientConnectionCancel { pubkey } => wrap_sdk_client_response(
             SdkClientResponsePayload::ConnectionCancel(ProtoSdkClientConnectionCancel {
-                pubkey: pubkey.to_bytes(),
+                pubkey: pubkey.to_bytes().to_vec(),
             }),
         ),
     }
@@ -90,8 +89,10 @@ async fn handle_connection_response(
     actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
     resp: ProtoSdkClientConnectionResponse,
 ) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
-    let pubkey = authn::PublicKey::try_from(resp.pubkey.as_slice())
+    let pubkey_bytes = <[u8; 32]>::try_from(resp.pubkey)
-        .map_err(|_| Status::invalid_argument("Invalid ML-DSA public key"))?;
+        .map_err(|_| Status::invalid_argument("Invalid Ed25519 public key length"))?;
+    let pubkey = ed25519_dalek::VerifyingKey::from_bytes(&pubkey_bytes)
+        .map_err(|_| Status::invalid_argument("Invalid Ed25519 public key"))?;
 
     actor
         .ask(HandleNewClientApprove {
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ async fn handle_list(
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|(client, metadata)| ProtoSdkClientEntry {
                     id: client.id,
-                    pubkey: client.public_key.to_vec(),
+                    pubkey: client.public_key,
                     info: Some(ProtoClientMetadata {
                         name: metadata.name,
                         description: metadata.description,

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/user_agent/vault.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,34 @@
 use arbiter_proto::proto::shared::VaultState as ProtoVaultState;
 use arbiter_proto::proto::user_agent::{
     user_agent_response::Payload as UserAgentResponsePayload,
-    vault::{self as proto_vault, request::Payload as VaultRequestPayload, response::Payload as VaultResponsePayload},
+    vault::{
+        self as proto_vault,
+        bootstrap::{
+            self as proto_bootstrap, BootstrapEncryptedKey as ProtoBootstrapEncryptedKey,
+            BootstrapResult as ProtoBootstrapResult,
+        },
+        request::Payload as VaultRequestPayload,
+        response::Payload as VaultResponsePayload,
+        unseal::{
+            self as proto_unseal, UnsealEncryptedKey as ProtoUnsealEncryptedKey,
+            UnsealResult as ProtoUnsealResult, UnsealStart,
+            request::Payload as UnsealRequestPayload, response::Payload as UnsealResponsePayload,
+        },
+    },
 };
-use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
+use kameo::{actor::ActorRef, error::SendError};
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::actors::{
-    actors::vault::VaultState,
+    keyholder::KeyHolderState,
-    peers::user_agent::{UserAgentSession, session::handlers::HandleQueryVaultState},
+    user_agent::{
+        UserAgentSession,
+        session::connection::{
+            BootstrapError, HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey, HandleQueryVaultState,
+            HandleUnsealEncryptedKey, HandleUnsealRequest, UnsealError,
+        },
+    },
 };
 
 fn wrap_vault_response(payload: VaultResponsePayload) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
@@ -18,6 +37,18 @@ fn wrap_vault_response(payload: VaultResponsePayload) -> UserAgentResponsePayloa
     })
 }
 
+fn wrap_unseal_response(payload: UnsealResponsePayload) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
+    wrap_vault_response(VaultResponsePayload::Unseal(proto_unseal::Response {
+        payload: Some(payload),
+    }))
+}
+
+fn wrap_bootstrap_response(result: ProtoBootstrapResult) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
+    wrap_vault_response(VaultResponsePayload::Bootstrap(proto_bootstrap::Response {
+        result: result.into(),
+    }))
+}
+
 pub(super) async fn dispatch(
     actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
     req: proto_vault::Request,
@@ -28,21 +59,116 @@ pub(super) async fn dispatch(
 
     match payload {
         VaultRequestPayload::QueryState(_) => handle_query_vault_state(actor).await,
-        VaultRequestPayload::Unseal(_) | VaultRequestPayload::Bootstrap(_) => {
+        VaultRequestPayload::Unseal(req) => dispatch_unseal_request(actor, req).await,
-            Err(Status::permission_denied(
+        VaultRequestPayload::Bootstrap(req) => handle_bootstrap_request(actor, req).await,
-                "Vault is already unsealed; unseal/bootstrap not permitted in session",
-            ))
     }
 }
+
+async fn dispatch_unseal_request(
+    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    req: proto_unseal::Request,
+) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let Some(payload) = req.payload else {
+        return Err(Status::invalid_argument("Missing unseal request payload"));
+    };
+
+    match payload {
+        UnsealRequestPayload::Start(req) => handle_unseal_start(actor, req).await,
+        UnsealRequestPayload::EncryptedKey(req) => handle_unseal_encrypted_key(actor, req).await,
+    }
+}
+
+async fn handle_unseal_start(
+    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    req: UnsealStart,
+) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let client_pubkey = <[u8; 32]>::try_from(req.client_pubkey)
+        .map(x25519_dalek::PublicKey::from)
+        .map_err(|_| Status::invalid_argument("Invalid X25519 public key"))?;
+
+    let response = actor
+        .ask(HandleUnsealRequest { client_pubkey })
+        .await
+        .map_err(|err| {
+            warn!(error = ?err, "Failed to handle unseal start request");
+            Status::internal("Failed to start unseal flow")
+        })?;
+
+    Ok(Some(wrap_unseal_response(UnsealResponsePayload::Start(
+        proto_unseal::UnsealStartResponse {
+            server_pubkey: response.server_pubkey.as_bytes().to_vec(),
+        },
+    ))))
+}
+
+async fn handle_unseal_encrypted_key(
+    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    req: ProtoUnsealEncryptedKey,
+) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let result = match actor
+        .ask(HandleUnsealEncryptedKey {
+            nonce: req.nonce,
+            ciphertext: req.ciphertext,
+            associated_data: req.associated_data,
+        })
+        .await
+    {
+        Ok(()) => ProtoUnsealResult::Success,
+        Err(SendError::HandlerError(UnsealError::InvalidKey)) => ProtoUnsealResult::InvalidKey,
+        Err(err) => {
+            warn!(error = ?err, "Failed to handle unseal request");
+            return Err(Status::internal("Failed to unseal vault"));
+        }
+    };
+    Ok(Some(wrap_unseal_response(UnsealResponsePayload::Result(
+        result.into(),
+    ))))
+}
+
+async fn handle_bootstrap_request(
+    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    req: proto_bootstrap::Request,
+) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let encrypted_key = req
+        .encrypted_key
+        .ok_or_else(|| Status::invalid_argument("Missing bootstrap encrypted key"))?;
+    handle_bootstrap_encrypted_key(actor, encrypted_key).await
+}
+
+async fn handle_bootstrap_encrypted_key(
+    actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
+    req: ProtoBootstrapEncryptedKey,
+) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
+    let result = match actor
+        .ask(HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey {
+            nonce: req.nonce,
+            ciphertext: req.ciphertext,
+            associated_data: req.associated_data,
+        })
+        .await
+    {
+        Ok(()) => ProtoBootstrapResult::Success,
+        Err(SendError::HandlerError(BootstrapError::InvalidKey)) => {
+            ProtoBootstrapResult::InvalidKey
+        }
+        Err(SendError::HandlerError(BootstrapError::AlreadyBootstrapped)) => {
+            ProtoBootstrapResult::AlreadyBootstrapped
+        }
+        Err(err) => {
+            warn!(error = ?err, "Failed to handle bootstrap request");
+            return Err(Status::internal("Failed to bootstrap vault"));
+        }
+    };
+    Ok(Some(wrap_bootstrap_response(result)))
 }
 
 async fn handle_query_vault_state(
     actor: &ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
 ) -> Result<Option<UserAgentResponsePayload>, Status> {
     let state = match actor.ask(HandleQueryVaultState {}).await {
-        Ok(VaultState::Unbootstrapped) => ProtoVaultState::Unbootstrapped,
+        Ok(KeyHolderState::Unbootstrapped) => ProtoVaultState::Unbootstrapped,
-        Ok(VaultState::Sealed) => ProtoVaultState::Sealed,
+        Ok(KeyHolderState::Sealed) => ProtoVaultState::Sealed,
-        Ok(VaultState::Unsealed) => ProtoVaultState::Unsealed,
+        Ok(KeyHolderState::Unsealed) => ProtoVaultState::Unsealed,
         Err(err) => {
             warn!(error = ?err, "Failed to query vault state");
             ProtoVaultState::Error

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/grpc/user_agent/vault_gate.rs

@@ -1,238 +0,0 @@
-use arbiter_proto::{
-    proto::user_agent::{
-        user_agent_request::Payload as UserAgentRequestPayload,
-        user_agent_response::Payload as UserAgentResponsePayload,
-        vault::{
-            self as proto_vault,
-            bootstrap::{self as proto_bootstrap, BootstrapResult as ProtoBootstrapResult},
-            request::Payload as VaultRequestPayload,
-            response::Payload as VaultResponsePayload,
-            unseal::{
-                self as proto_unseal, UnsealResult as ProtoUnsealResult,
-                request::Payload as UnsealRequestPayload,
-                response::Payload as UnsealResponsePayload,
-            },
-        },
-    },
-    transport::{Bi, Error as TransportError, Receiver, Sender},
-};
-use async_trait::async_trait;
-use tonic::Status;
-use tracing::warn;
-
-use super::auth::AuthTransportAdapter;
-use crate::peers::user_agent::vault_gate::{
-    self as vault_gate, HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey, HandleHandshake, HandleUnsealEncryptedKey,
-};
-
-fn wrap_vault_response(payload: VaultResponsePayload) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
-    UserAgentResponsePayload::Vault(proto_vault::Response {
-        payload: Some(payload),
-    })
-}
-
-fn wrap_unseal_response(payload: UnsealResponsePayload) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
-    wrap_vault_response(VaultResponsePayload::Unseal(proto_unseal::Response {
-        payload: Some(payload),
-    }))
-}
-
-fn wrap_bootstrap_response(result: ProtoBootstrapResult) -> UserAgentResponsePayload {
-    wrap_vault_response(VaultResponsePayload::Bootstrap(proto_bootstrap::Response {
-        result: result.into(),
-    }))
-}
-
-impl AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
-    async fn send_query_state(&mut self) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
-        use arbiter_proto::proto::shared::VaultState as ProtoVaultState;
-        self.send_response_payload(wrap_vault_response(VaultResponsePayload::State(
-            ProtoVaultState::Sealed.into(),
-        )))
-        .await
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl Receiver<vault_gate::Inbound> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
-    async fn recv(&mut self) -> Option<vault_gate::Inbound> {
-        loop {
-            let request = match self.bi_mut().recv().await? {
-                Ok(request) => request,
-                Err(error) => {
-                    warn!(?error, "Failed to receive user agent request during vault gate");
-                    return None;
-                }
-            };
-
-            if let Err(err) = self.tracker_mut().request(request.id) {
-                let _ = self.bi_mut().send(Err(err)).await;
-                return None;
-            }
-
-            let Some(payload) = request.payload else {
-                let _ = self
-                    .bi_mut()
-                    .send(Err(Status::invalid_argument("Missing request payload")))
-                    .await;
-                return None;
-            };
-
-            let vault_req = match payload {
-                UserAgentRequestPayload::Vault(req) => req,
-                _ => {
-                    let _ = self
-                        .bi_mut()
-                        .send(Err(Status::permission_denied(
-                            "Only vault operations are permitted before unsealing",
-                        )))
-                        .await;
-                    return None;
-                }
-            };
-
-            let Some(vault_payload) = vault_req.payload else {
-                let _ = self
-                    .bi_mut()
-                    .send(Err(Status::invalid_argument("Missing vault request payload")))
-                    .await;
-                return None;
-            };
-
-            match vault_payload {
-                VaultRequestPayload::QueryState(_) => {
-                    if self.send_query_state().await.is_err() {
-                        return None;
-                    }
-                    continue;
-                }
-                VaultRequestPayload::Unseal(req) => {
-                    let Some(unseal_payload) = req.payload else {
-                        let _ = self
-                            .bi_mut()
-                            .send(Err(Status::invalid_argument("Missing unseal request payload")))
-                            .await;
-                        return None;
-                    };
-                    match unseal_payload {
-                        UnsealRequestPayload::Start(start) => {
-                            let Ok(bytes) = <[u8; 32]>::try_from(start.client_pubkey) else {
-                                let _ = self
-                                    .bi_mut()
-                                    .send(Err(Status::invalid_argument(
-                                        "Invalid X25519 public key",
-                                    )))
-                                    .await;
-                                return None;
-                            };
-                            return Some(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleHandshake(HandleHandshake {
-                                client_pubkey: x25519_dalek::PublicKey::from(bytes),
-                            }));
-                        }
-                        UnsealRequestPayload::EncryptedKey(key) => {
-                            return Some(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleUnsealEncryptedKey(
-                                HandleUnsealEncryptedKey {
-                                    nonce: key.nonce,
-                                    ciphertext: key.ciphertext,
-                                    associated_data: key.associated_data,
-                                },
-                            ));
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                VaultRequestPayload::Bootstrap(req) => {
-                    let Some(encrypted_key) = req.encrypted_key else {
-                        let _ = self
-                            .bi_mut()
-                            .send(Err(Status::invalid_argument(
-                                "Missing bootstrap encrypted key",
-                            )))
-                            .await;
-                        return None;
-                    };
-                    return Some(vault_gate::Inbound::HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey(
-                        HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey {
-                            nonce: encrypted_key.nonce,
-                            ciphertext: encrypted_key.ciphertext,
-                            associated_data: encrypted_key.associated_data,
-                        },
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl Sender<Result<vault_gate::Outbound, vault_gate::Error>> for AuthTransportAdapter<'_> {
-    async fn send(
-        &mut self,
-        item: Result<vault_gate::Outbound, vault_gate::Error>,
-    ) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
-        let outbound = match item {
-            Ok(outbound) => outbound,
-            Err(err) => {
-                warn!(?err, "vault gate produced transport-level error");
-                return self
-                    .bi_mut()
-                    .send(Err(Status::internal(err.to_string())))
-                    .await;
-            }
-        };
-
-        let payload = match outbound {
-            vault_gate::Outbound::HandleHandshake(Ok(response)) => {
-                wrap_unseal_response(UnsealResponsePayload::Start(
-                    proto_unseal::UnsealStartResponse {
-                        server_pubkey: response.server_pubkey.as_bytes().to_vec(),
-                    },
-                ))
-            }
-            vault_gate::Outbound::HandleHandshake(Err(err)) => {
-                warn!(?err, "handshake failed");
-                return self
-                    .bi_mut()
-                    .send(Err(Status::internal("Failed to start unseal flow")))
-                    .await;
-            }
-            vault_gate::Outbound::HandleUnsealEncryptedKey(result) => {
-                let proto_result = match result {
-                    Ok(()) => ProtoUnsealResult::Success,
-                    Err(vault_gate::Error::InvalidKey) => ProtoUnsealResult::InvalidKey,
-                    Err(err) => {
-                        warn!(?err, "unseal failed");
-                        return self
-                            .bi_mut()
-                            .send(Err(Status::internal("Failed to unseal vault")))
-                            .await;
-                    }
-                };
-                wrap_unseal_response(UnsealResponsePayload::Result(proto_result.into()))
-            }
-            vault_gate::Outbound::HandleBootstrapEncryptedKey(result) => {
-                let proto_result = match result {
-                    Ok(()) => ProtoBootstrapResult::Success,
-                    Err(vault_gate::Error::InvalidKey) => ProtoBootstrapResult::InvalidKey,
-                    Err(vault_gate::Error::AlreadyBootstrapped) => {
-                        ProtoBootstrapResult::AlreadyBootstrapped
-                    }
-                    Err(err) => {
-                        warn!(?err, "bootstrap failed");
-                        return self
-                            .bi_mut()
-                            .send(Err(Status::internal("Failed to bootstrap vault")))
-                            .await;
-                    }
-                };
-                wrap_bootstrap_response(proto_result)
-            }
-        };
-
-        self.send_response_payload(payload).await
-    }
-}
-
-impl Bi<vault_gate::Inbound, Result<vault_gate::Outbound, vault_gate::Error>>
-    for AuthTransportAdapter<'_>
-{
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 use crate::context::ServerContext;
 
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate macro_rules_attribute;
+
 pub mod actors;
 pub mod context;
 pub mod crypto;
 pub mod db;
 pub mod evm;
 pub mod grpc;
-pub mod peers;
+pub mod safe_cell;
 pub mod utils;
 
 pub struct Server {

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/mod.rs

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-pub mod client;
-pub mod user_agent;

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/user_agent/auth/state.rs

@@ -1,329 +0,0 @@
-use super::super::{AuthCredentials, Credentials, UserAgentConnection};
-use arbiter_crypto::authn::{self, USERAGENT_CONTEXT};
-use arbiter_proto::transport::Bi;
-use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, OptionalExtension as _, QueryDsl, sqlite::Sqlite, update};
-use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
-use kameo::actor::ActorRef;
-use tracing::error;
-
-use super::Error;
-use crate::{crypto::integrity::{Nested, Verified}, peers::user_agent::auth::Outbound};
-use crate::{
-    actors::{bootstrap::ConsumeToken, vault::Vault},
-    crypto::integrity,
-    db::{DatabasePool, schema::useragent_client},
-};
-
-pub struct ChallengeRequest {
-    pub pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
-}
-
-pub struct BootstrapAuthRequest {
-    pub pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
-    pub token: String,
-}
-
-pub struct ChallengeContext {
-    pub id: i32,
-    pub challenge_nonce: i32,
-    pub key: authn::PublicKey,
-}
-
-pub struct ChallengeSolution {
-    pub solution: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-smlang::statemachine!(
-    name: Auth,
-    custom_error: true,
-    transitions: {
-        *Init + AuthRequest(ChallengeRequest) / async prepare_challenge = SentChallenge(ChallengeContext),
-        Init + BootstrapAuthRequest(BootstrapAuthRequest) / async verify_bootstrap_token = AuthOk(AuthCredentials),
-        SentChallenge(ChallengeContext) + ReceivedSolution(ChallengeSolution) / async verify_solution = AuthOk(AuthCredentials),
-    }
-);
-
-const NONCE_START: i32 = 1;
-
-/// Returns the current nonce, ready to use for the challenge nonce.
-async fn get_current_nonce_and_id(
-    db: &DatabasePool,
-    key: &authn::PublicKey,
-) -> Result<(i32, i32), Error> {
-    let mut db_conn = db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
-        error!(error = ?e, "Database pool error");
-        Error::internal("Database unavailable")
-    })?;
-    db_conn
-        .exclusive_transaction(|conn| {
-            Box::pin(async move {
-                useragent_client::table
-                    .filter(useragent_client::public_key.eq(key.to_bytes()))
-                    .select((useragent_client::id, useragent_client::nonce))
-                    .first::<(i32, i32)>(conn)
-                    .await
-            })
-        })
-        .await
-        .optional()
-        .map_err(|e| {
-            error!(error = ?e, "Database error");
-            Error::internal("Database operation failed")
-        })?
-        .ok_or_else(|| {
-            error!(?key, "Public key not found in database");
-            Error::UnregisteredPublicKey
-        })
-}
-
-async fn verify_integrity(
-    db: &DatabasePool,
-    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
-    pubkey: &authn::PublicKey,
-) -> Result<(), Error> {
-    let mut db_conn = db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
-        error!(error = ?e, "Database pool error");
-        Error::internal("Database unavailable")
-    })?;
-
-    let (id, nonce) = get_current_nonce_and_id(db, pubkey).await?;
-
-    let _result = integrity::verify_entity(
-        &mut db_conn,
-        vault,
-        &AuthCredentials {
-            creds: Credentials {
-                id,
-                pubkey: pubkey.clone(),
-            },
-            new_nonce: nonce,
-        },
-        id,
-    )
-    .await
-    .map_err(|e| {
-        error!(?e, "Integrity verification failed");
-        Error::internal("Integrity verification failed")
-    })?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-async fn compute_current_nonce(
-    conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    pubkey: &authn::PublicKey,
-) -> Result<(i32, i32), Error> {
-    update(useragent_client::table)
-        .filter(useragent_client::public_key.eq(pubkey.to_bytes()))
-        .set(useragent_client::nonce.eq(useragent_client::nonce + 1))
-        .returning((useragent_client::id, useragent_client::nonce))
-        .get_result(conn)
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| {
-            error!(error = ?e, "Database error incrementing nonce");
-            Error::internal("Database operation failed")
-        })
-}
-
-async fn resign_credentials(
-    conn: &mut impl AsyncConnection<Backend = Sqlite>,
-    vault: &ActorRef<Vault>,
-    id: i32,
-    pubkey: &authn::PublicKey,
-    new_nonce: i32,
-) -> Result<Verified<i32, Nested<AuthCredentials>>, Error> {
-    integrity::sign_entity(
-        conn,
-        vault,
-        &AuthCredentials {
-            creds: Credentials {
-                id,
-                pubkey: pubkey.clone(),
-            },
-            new_nonce,
-        },
-        id,
-    )
-    .await
-    .map_err(|e| {
-        error!(?e, "Integrity signature update failed");
-        Error::internal("Database error")
-    })
-}
-
-async fn register_key(db: &DatabasePool, pubkey: &authn::PublicKey) -> Result<i32, Error> {
-    let pubkey_bytes = pubkey.to_bytes();
-    let mut conn = db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
-        error!(error = ?e, "Database pool error");
-        Error::internal("Database unavailable")
-    })?;
-
-    let id: i32 = diesel::insert_into(useragent_client::table)
-        .values((
-            useragent_client::public_key.eq(pubkey_bytes),
-            useragent_client::nonce.eq(NONCE_START),
-        ))
-        .returning(useragent_client::id)
-        .get_result(&mut conn)
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| {
-            error!(error = ?e, "Database error");
-            Error::internal("Database operation failed")
-        })?;
-
-    Ok(id)
-}
-
-pub struct AuthContext<'a, T: ?Sized> {
-    pub(super) conn: &'a mut UserAgentConnection,
-    pub(super) transport: &'a mut T,
-}
-
-impl<'a, T: ?Sized> AuthContext<'a, T> {
-    pub fn new(conn: &'a mut UserAgentConnection, transport: &'a mut T) -> Self {
-        Self { conn, transport }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> AuthStateMachineContext for AuthContext<'_, T>
-where
-    T: Bi<super::Inbound, Result<super::Outbound, Error>> + Send + ?Sized,
-{
-    type Error = Error;
-
-    async fn prepare_challenge(
-        &mut self,
-        ChallengeRequest { pubkey }: ChallengeRequest,
-    ) -> Result<ChallengeContext, Self::Error> {
-        let is_signing = integrity::is_signing_available(&self.conn.actors.vault)
-            .await
-            .unwrap_or(false);
-
-        if is_signing {
-            verify_integrity(&self.conn.db, &self.conn.actors.vault, &pubkey).await?;
-        }
-
-        let vault = self.conn.actors.vault.clone();
-        let mut conn = self.conn.db.get().await.map_err(|e| {
-            error!(error = ?e, "Database pool error");
-            Error::internal("Database unavailable")
-        })?;
-
-        let (id, nonce) = conn
-            .exclusive_transaction(|conn| {
-                let pubkey = pubkey.clone();
-                let vault = vault.clone();
-                Box::pin(async move {
-                    let (id, new_nonce) = compute_current_nonce(conn, &pubkey).await?;
-                    if is_signing {
-                        resign_credentials(conn, &vault, id, &pubkey, new_nonce).await?;
-                    }
-                    Result::<_, Error>::Ok((id, new_nonce))
-                })
-            })
-            .await?;
-
-        self.transport
-            .send(Ok(Outbound::AuthChallenge { nonce }))
-            .await
-            .map_err(|e| {
-                error!(?e, "Failed to send auth challenge");
-                Error::Transport
-            })?;
-
-        Ok(ChallengeContext {
-            id,
-            challenge_nonce: nonce,
-            key: pubkey,
-        })
-    }
-
-    #[allow(missing_docs)]
-    #[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)]
-    async fn verify_bootstrap_token(
-        &mut self,
-        BootstrapAuthRequest { pubkey, token }: BootstrapAuthRequest,
-    ) -> Result<AuthCredentials, Self::Error> {
-        let token_ok: bool = self
-            .conn
-            .actors
-            .bootstrapper
-            .ask(ConsumeToken {
-                token: token.clone(),
-            })
-            .await
-            .map_err(|e| {
-                error!(?e, "Failed to consume bootstrap token");
-                Error::internal("Failed to consume bootstrap token")
-            })?;
-
-        if !token_ok {
-            error!("Invalid bootstrap token provided");
-            return Err(Error::InvalidBootstrapToken);
-        }
-
-        match token_ok {
-            true => {
-                let id = register_key(&self.conn.db, &pubkey).await?;
-                self.transport
-                    .send(Ok(Outbound::AuthSuccess))
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(|_| Error::Transport)?;
-                Ok(AuthCredentials {
-                    creds: Credentials { id, pubkey },
-                    new_nonce: NONCE_START,
-                })
-            }
-            false => {
-                error!("Invalid bootstrap token provided");
-                self.transport
-                    .send(Err(Error::InvalidBootstrapToken))
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(|_| Error::Transport)?;
-                Err(Error::InvalidBootstrapToken)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[allow(missing_docs)]
-    #[allow(clippy::unused_unit)]
-    async fn verify_solution(
-        &mut self,
-        ChallengeContext {
-            id,
-            challenge_nonce,
-            key,
-        }: &ChallengeContext,
-        ChallengeSolution { solution }: ChallengeSolution,
-    ) -> Result<AuthCredentials, Self::Error> {
-        let signature = authn::Signature::try_from(solution.as_slice()).map_err(|_| {
-            error!("Failed to decode signature in challenge solution");
-            Error::InvalidChallengeSolution
-        })?;
-
-        let valid = key.verify(*challenge_nonce, USERAGENT_CONTEXT, &signature);
-
-        match valid {
-            true => {
-                self.transport
-                    .send(Ok(Outbound::AuthSuccess))
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(|_| Error::Transport)?;
-                Ok(AuthCredentials {
-                    creds: Credentials {
-                        id: *id,
-                        pubkey: key.clone(),
-                    },
-                    new_nonce: *challenge_nonce,
-                })
-            }
-            false => {
-                self.transport
-                    .send(Err(Error::InvalidChallengeSolution))
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(|_| Error::Transport)?;
-                Err(Error::InvalidChallengeSolution)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/user_agent/mod.rs

@@ -1,177 +0,0 @@
-use crate::{
-    actors::GlobalActors,
-    crypto::integrity::{self, Integrable},
-    db::{self, DatabaseError},
-    peers::client::ClientProfile,
-};
-use arbiter_crypto::authn;
-
-use arbiter_proto::transport::{Bi, Sender};
-pub use auth::authenticate;
-use kameo::actor::{ActorRef, Spawn as _};
-pub use session::UserAgentSession;
-use tokio::sync::oneshot;
-use tracing::warn;
-use vault_gate::VaultGate;
-
-use crate::crypto::integrity::hashing::Hashable;
-
-pub mod auth;
-pub mod session;
-pub mod vault_gate;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash)]
-pub struct Credentials {
-    pub id: i32,
-    pub pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
-}
-impl Hashable for Credentials {
-    fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-        self.id.hash(hasher);
-        self.pubkey.hash(hasher);
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct AuthCredentials {
-    pub creds: Credentials,
-    // denotes new nonce, not current
-    pub new_nonce: i32,
-}
-
-impl Hashable for authn::PublicKey {
-    fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-        hasher.update(self.to_bytes());
-    }
-}
-
-impl Hashable for AuthCredentials {
-    fn hash<H: sha2::Digest>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
-        self.creds.hash(hasher);
-        self.new_nonce.hash(hasher);
-    }
-}
-
-impl Integrable for AuthCredentials {
-    const KIND: &'static str = "useragent_credentials";
-}
-
-// Messages, sent by user agent to connection client without having a request
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum OutOfBand {
-    ClientConnectionRequest { profile: ClientProfile },
-    ClientConnectionCancel { pubkey: authn::PublicKey },
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct UserAgentConnection {
-    pub(crate) db: db::DatabasePool,
-    pub(crate) actors: GlobalActors,
-}
-
-impl UserAgentConnection {
-    pub fn new(db: db::DatabasePool, actors: GlobalActors) -> Self {
-        Self { db, actors }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-pub enum Error {
-    #[error("authentication failed: {0:?}")]
-    Auth(auth::Error),
-    #[error("vault gate failed: {0}")]
-    VaultGate(#[from] vault_gate::Error),
-    #[error("transport closed unexpectedly")]
-    Transport,
-    #[error("database error: {0}")]
-    Database(DatabaseError),
-    #[error("internal: {0}")]
-    Internal(String),
-}
-
-impl From<auth::Error> for Error {
-    fn from(err: auth::Error) -> Self {
-        Self::Auth(err)
-    }
-}
-
-pub async fn start<T>(
-    props: &mut UserAgentConnection,
-    mut transport: T,
-    oob_sender: Box<dyn Sender<OutOfBand>>,
-) -> Result<ActorRef<UserAgentSession>, Error>
-where
-    T: Bi<auth::Inbound, Result<auth::Outbound, auth::Error>> + Send,
-    T: Bi<vault_gate::Inbound, Result<vault_gate::Outbound, vault_gate::Error>> + Send,
-{
-    let auth_creds = authenticate(props, &mut transport).await?;
-
-    let creds = match integrity::is_signing_available(&props.actors.vault)
-        .await
-        .map_err(|_| Error::Internal("Integrity verification failed".into()))?
-    {
-        // credentials were checked by `auth` stage
-        true => auth_creds.creds,
-        false => run_vault_gate(props, &mut transport, auth_creds).await?,
-    };
-
-    Ok(UserAgentSession::spawn(UserAgentSession::new(
-        props.clone(),
-        creds,
-        oob_sender,
-    )))
-}
-
-async fn run_vault_gate<T>(
-    props: &UserAgentConnection,
-    transport: &mut T,
-    auth_creds: AuthCredentials,
-) -> Result<Credentials, Error>
-where
-    T: Bi<vault_gate::Inbound, Result<vault_gate::Outbound, vault_gate::Error>> + Send + ?Sized,
-{
-    let (promotion_tx, mut promotion_rx) = oneshot::channel();
-    let gate = VaultGate::spawn(VaultGate::new(
-        auth_creds,
-        props.actors.clone(),
-        props.db.clone(),
-        promotion_tx,
-    ));
-
-    let result = loop {
-        tokio::select! {
-            promotion = &mut promotion_rx => {
-                break match promotion {
-                    Ok(Ok(creds)) => Ok(creds),
-                    Ok(Err(err)) => Err(Error::VaultGate(err)),
-                    Err(_) => Err(Error::Internal(
-                        "vault gate promotion channel closed".into(),
-                    )),
-                };
-            }
-
-            inbound = transport.recv() => {
-                let Some(inbound) = inbound else {
-                    break Err(Error::Transport);
-                };
-
-                match gate.ask(inbound).await {
-                    Ok(outbound) => {
-                        if transport.send(Ok(outbound)).await.is_err() {
-                            break Err(Error::Transport);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Err(err) => {
-                        warn!(?err, "VaultGate failed to handle message");
-                        break Err(Error::Internal(format!(
-                            "vault gate ask failed: {err:?}"
-                        )));
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    gate.kill();
-    result
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/user_agent/session/handlers.rs

@@ -1,299 +0,0 @@
-use std::sync::Mutex;
-
-use alloy::{consensus::TxEip1559, primitives::Address, signers::Signature};
-use arbiter_crypto::{
-    authn,
-    safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
-};
-use chacha20poly1305::{AeadInPlace, XChaCha20Poly1305, XNonce, aead::KeyInit};
-use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl as _, SelectableHelper};
-use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, RunQueryDsl};
-use kameo::error::SendError;
-use kameo::messages;
-use kameo::prelude::Context;
-use tracing::{error, info};
-use x25519_dalek::{EphemeralSecret, PublicKey};
-
-use crate::actors::flow_coordinator::client_connect_approval::ClientApprovalAnswer;
-use crate::actors::{
-    evm::{
-        ClientSignTransaction, Generate, ListWallets, SignTransactionError as EvmSignError,
-        UseragentCreateGrant, UseragentListGrants,
-    },
-    vault::{self, Bootstrap, TryUnseal},
-};
-use crate::db::models::{
-    EvmWalletAccess, NewEvmWalletAccess, ProgramClient, ProgramClientMetadata,
-};
-use crate::evm::policies::{Grant, SpecificGrant};
-use crate::{
-    actors::vault::VaultState,
-};
-
-use super::{Error, UserAgentSession};
-
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error)]
-pub enum SignTransactionError {
-    #[error("Policy evaluation failed")]
-    Vet(#[from] crate::evm::VetError),
-
-    #[error("Internal signing error")]
-    Internal,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error)]
-pub enum GrantMutationError {
-    #[error("Vault is sealed")]
-    VaultSealed,
-
-    #[error("Internal grant mutation error")]
-    Internal,
-}
-
-#[messages]
-impl UserAgentSession {
-    #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_query_vault_state(&mut self) -> Result<VaultState, Error> {
-        use crate::actors::vault::GetState;
-
-        let vault_state = match self.props.actors.vault.ask(GetState {}).await {
-            Ok(state) => state,
-            Err(err) => {
-                error!(?err, actor = "useragent", "vault.query.failed");
-                return Err(Error::internal("Vault is in broken state"));
-            }
-        };
-
-        Ok(vault_state)
-    }
-}
-
-#[messages]
-impl UserAgentSession {
-    #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_evm_wallet_create(&mut self) -> Result<(i32, Address), Error> {
-        match self.props.actors.evm.ask(Generate {}).await {
-            Ok(address) => Ok(address),
-            Err(SendError::HandlerError(err)) => Err(Error::internal(format!(
-                "EVM wallet generation failed: {err}"
-            ))),
-            Err(err) => {
-                error!(?err, "EVM actor unreachable during wallet create");
-                Err(Error::internal("EVM actor unreachable"))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_evm_wallet_list(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<(i32, Address)>, Error> {
-        match self.props.actors.evm.ask(ListWallets {}).await {
-            Ok(wallets) => Ok(wallets),
-            Err(err) => {
-                error!(?err, "EVM wallet list failed");
-                Err(Error::internal("Failed to list EVM wallets"))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[messages]
-impl UserAgentSession {
-    #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_grant_list(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<Grant<SpecificGrant>>, Error> {
-        match self.props.actors.evm.ask(UseragentListGrants {}).await {
-            Ok(grants) => Ok(grants),
-            Err(err) => {
-                error!(?err, "EVM grant list failed");
-                Err(Error::internal("Failed to list EVM grants"))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_grant_create(
-        &mut self,
-        basic: crate::evm::policies::SharedGrantSettings,
-        grant: crate::evm::policies::SpecificGrant,
-    ) -> Result<i32, GrantMutationError> {
-        match self
-            .props
-            .actors
-            .evm
-            .ask(UseragentCreateGrant { basic, grant })
-            .await
-        {
-            Ok(grant_id) => Ok(grant_id),
-            Err(err) => {
-                error!(?err, "EVM grant create failed");
-                Err(GrantMutationError::Internal)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_grant_delete(
-        &mut self,
-        grant_id: i32,
-    ) -> Result<(), GrantMutationError> {
-        // match self
-        //     .props
-        //     .actors
-        //     .evm
-        //     .ask(UseragentDeleteGrant { grant_id })
-        //     .await
-        // {
-        //     Ok(()) => Ok(()),
-        //     Err(err) => {
-        //         error!(?err, "EVM grant delete failed");
-        //         Err(GrantMutationError::Internal)
-        //     }
-        // }
-        let _ = grant_id;
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_sign_transaction(
-        &mut self,
-        client_id: i32,
-        wallet_address: Address,
-        transaction: TxEip1559,
-    ) -> Result<Signature, SignTransactionError> {
-        match self
-            .props
-            .actors
-            .evm
-            .ask(ClientSignTransaction {
-                client_id,
-                wallet_address,
-                transaction,
-            })
-            .await
-        {
-            Ok(signature) => Ok(signature),
-            Err(SendError::HandlerError(EvmSignError::Vet(vet_error))) => {
-                Err(SignTransactionError::Vet(vet_error))
-            }
-            Err(err) => {
-                error!(?err, "EVM sign transaction failed in user-agent session");
-                Err(SignTransactionError::Internal)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_grant_evm_wallet_access(
-        &mut self,
-        entries: Vec<NewEvmWalletAccess>,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let mut conn = self.props.db.get().await?;
-        conn.transaction(|conn| {
-            Box::pin(async move {
-                use crate::db::schema::evm_wallet_access;
-
-                for entry in entries {
-                    diesel::insert_into(evm_wallet_access::table)
-                        .values(&entry)
-                        .on_conflict_do_nothing()
-                        .execute(conn)
-                        .await?;
-                }
-
-                Result::<_, Error>::Ok(())
-            })
-        })
-        .await?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_revoke_evm_wallet_access(
-        &mut self,
-        entries: Vec<i32>,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let mut conn = self.props.db.get().await?;
-        conn.transaction(|conn| {
-            Box::pin(async move {
-                use crate::db::schema::evm_wallet_access;
-                for entry in entries {
-                    diesel::delete(evm_wallet_access::table)
-                        .filter(evm_wallet_access::wallet_id.eq(entry))
-                        .execute(conn)
-                        .await?;
-                }
-
-                Result::<_, Error>::Ok(())
-            })
-        })
-        .await?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_list_wallet_access(
-        &mut self,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<EvmWalletAccess>, Error> {
-        let mut conn = self.props.db.get().await?;
-        use crate::db::schema::evm_wallet_access;
-        let access_entries = evm_wallet_access::table
-            .select(EvmWalletAccess::as_select())
-            .load::<_>(&mut conn)
-            .await?;
-        Ok(access_entries)
-    }
-}
-
-#[messages]
-impl UserAgentSession {
-    #[message(ctx)]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_new_client_approve(
-        &mut self,
-        approved: bool,
-        pubkey: authn::PublicKey,
-        ctx: &mut Context<Self, Result<(), Error>>,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let pending_approval = match self.pending_client_approvals.remove(&pubkey.to_bytes()) {
-            Some(approval) => approval,
-            None => {
-                error!("Received client connection response for unknown client");
-                return Err(Error::internal("Unknown client in connection response"));
-            }
-        };
-
-        pending_approval
-            .controller
-            .tell(ClientApprovalAnswer { approved })
-            .await
-            .map_err(|err| {
-                error!(
-                    ?err,
-                    "Failed to send client approval response to controller"
-                );
-                Error::internal("Failed to send client approval response to controller")
-            })?;
-
-        ctx.actor_ref().unlink(&pending_approval.controller).await;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[message]
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_sdk_client_list(
-        &mut self,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<(ProgramClient, ProgramClientMetadata)>, Error> {
-        use crate::db::schema::{client_metadata, program_client};
-        let mut conn = self.props.db.get().await?;
-
-        let clients = program_client::table
-            .inner_join(client_metadata::table)
-            .select((
-                ProgramClient::as_select(),
-                ProgramClientMetadata::as_select(),
-            ))
-            .load::<(ProgramClient, ProgramClientMetadata)>(&mut conn)
-            .await?;
-
-        Ok(clients)
-    }
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/user_agent/vault_gate/mod.rs

@@ -1,295 +0,0 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
-use chacha20poly1305::{AeadInPlace, KeyInit as _, XChaCha20Poly1305, XNonce};
-use kameo::{Actor, error::SendError, messages, prelude::Message};
-use kameo_actors::message_bus::Register;
-use tokio::sync::oneshot;
-use tracing::{error, info};
-use x25519_dalek::{EphemeralSecret, PublicKey, SharedSecret};
-
-pub mod state;
-use state::*;
-
-use super::{AuthCredentials, Credentials};
-use crate::{
-    actors::{
-        GlobalActors,
-        vault::{self, Bootstrap, TryUnseal, events},
-    },
-    crypto::integrity::{self, AttestationStatus},
-    db::DatabasePool,
-};
-
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-pub enum Error {
-    #[error("Vault is already bootstrapped")]
-    AlreadyBootstrapped,
-    #[error("Invalid key provided")]
-    InvalidKey,
-
-    #[error("State transition failed")]
-    State,
-
-    #[error("Internal error: {0}")]
-    Internal(String),
-}
-impl Error {
-    fn internal(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
-        Self::Internal(message.into())
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct HandshakeResponse {
-    pub server_pubkey: PublicKey,
-}
-
-pub struct VaultGate {
-    pub auth_creds: AuthCredentials,
-    pub promotion_tx: Option<oneshot::Sender<Result<Credentials, Error>>>,
-    pub state: State,
-    pub actors: GlobalActors,
-    pub db: DatabasePool,
-}
-
-impl VaultGate {
-    pub fn new(
-        auth_creds: AuthCredentials,
-        actors: GlobalActors,
-        db: DatabasePool,
-        promotion_tx: oneshot::Sender<Result<Credentials, Error>>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            auth_creds,
-            state: State::default(),
-            actors,
-            db,
-            promotion_tx: Some(promotion_tx),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Actor for VaultGate {
-    type Args = Self;
-
-    type Error = ();
-
-    async fn on_start(
-        args: Self::Args,
-        actor_ref: kameo::prelude::ActorRef<Self>,
-    ) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        let _ = args
-            .actors
-            .events
-            .tell(Register(
-                actor_ref.clone().recipient::<events::Bootstrapped>(),
-            ))
-            .await;
-        let _ = args
-            .actors
-            .events
-            .tell(Register(actor_ref.recipient::<events::Unsealed>()))
-            .await;
-        Ok(args)
-    }
-}
-
-impl VaultGate {
-    fn decrypt_key(
-        secret: &SharedSecret,
-        nonce: &[u8],
-        ciphertext: &[u8],
-        associated_data: &[u8],
-    ) -> Result<SafeCell<Vec<u8>>, ()> {
-        let nonce = XNonce::from_slice(nonce);
-
-        let cipher = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(secret.as_bytes().into());
-
-        let mut key_buffer = SafeCell::new(ciphertext.to_vec());
-
-        let decryption_result = key_buffer.write_inline(|write_handle| {
-            cipher.decrypt_in_place(nonce, associated_data, write_handle)
-        });
-
-        match decryption_result {
-            Ok(_) => Ok(key_buffer),
-            Err(err) => {
-                error!(?err, "Failed to decrypt encrypted key material");
-                Err(())
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[messages(messages = Inbound, replies = Outbound)]
-impl VaultGate {
-    #[message]
-    pub async fn handle_handshake(
-        &mut self,
-        client_pubkey: x25519_dalek::PublicKey,
-    ) -> Result<HandshakeResponse, Error> {
-        let ephemeral_secret = EphemeralSecret::random();
-        let public_key = PublicKey::from(&ephemeral_secret);
-
-        let secret = ephemeral_secret.diffie_hellman(&client_pubkey);
-
-        self.state = State::ReadyForExchange {
-            server_key: public_key.clone(),
-            secret,
-        };
-
-        Ok(HandshakeResponse {
-            server_pubkey: public_key,
-        })
-    }
-
-    #[message]
-    pub async fn handle_unseal_encrypted_key(
-        &mut self,
-        nonce: Vec<u8>,
-        ciphertext: Vec<u8>,
-        associated_data: Vec<u8>,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let State::ReadyForExchange { secret, .. } = &self.state else {
-            return Err(Error::State);
-        };
-
-        let seal_key_buffer = match Self::decrypt_key(secret, &nonce, &ciphertext, &associated_data)
-        {
-            Ok(buffer) => buffer,
-            Err(()) => {
-                return Err(Error::InvalidKey);
-            }
-        };
-
-        match self
-            .actors
-            .vault
-            .ask(TryUnseal {
-                seal_key_raw: seal_key_buffer,
-            })
-            .await
-        {
-            Ok(_) => {
-                info!("Successfully unsealed key with client-provided key");
-                Ok(())
-            }
-            Err(SendError::HandlerError(vault::Error::InvalidKey)) => Err(Error::InvalidKey),
-            Err(SendError::HandlerError(err)) => {
-                error!(?err, "Vault failed to unseal key");
-                Err(Error::InvalidKey)
-            }
-            Err(err) => {
-                error!(?err, "Failed to send unseal request to vault");
-                Err(Error::internal("Vault actor error").into())
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[message]
-    pub async fn handle_bootstrap_encrypted_key(
-        &mut self,
-        nonce: Vec<u8>,
-        ciphertext: Vec<u8>,
-        associated_data: Vec<u8>,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let State::ReadyForExchange { secret, .. } = &self.state else {
-            return Err(Error::State);
-        };
-
-        let seal_key_buffer = match Self::decrypt_key(secret, &nonce, &ciphertext, &associated_data)
-        {
-            Ok(buffer) => buffer,
-            Err(()) => {
-                return Err(Error::InvalidKey);
-            }
-        };
-
-        match self
-            .actors
-            .vault
-            .ask(Bootstrap {
-                seal_key_raw: seal_key_buffer,
-            })
-            .await
-        {
-            Ok(_) => {
-                info!("Successfully bootstrapped vault with client-provided key");
-                Ok(())
-            }
-            Err(SendError::HandlerError(vault::Error::AlreadyBootstrapped)) => {
-                Err(Error::AlreadyBootstrapped)
-            }
-            Err(SendError::HandlerError(err)) => {
-                error!(?err, "Vault failed to bootstrap vault");
-                Err(Error::InvalidKey)
-            }
-            Err(err) => {
-                error!(?err, "Failed to send bootstrap request to vault");
-                Err(Error::internal("Vault error"))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Message<events::Bootstrapped> for VaultGate {
-    type Reply = ();
-
-    async fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        _: events::Bootstrapped,
-        ctx: &mut kameo::prelude::Context<Self, Self::Reply>,
-    ) -> Self::Reply {
-        let result = async {
-            let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(|_| Error::internal("DB unavailable"))?;
-            integrity::sign_entity(&mut conn, &self.actors.vault, &self.auth_creds, self.auth_creds.creds.id)
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    error!(?e, "Failed to sign integrity envelope on bootstrap");
-                    Error::internal("Integrity sign failed")
-                })?;
-            Ok(self.auth_creds.creds.clone())
-        }
-        .await;
-
-        if let Some(tx) = self.promotion_tx.take() {
-            let _ = tx.send(result);
-        }
-        ctx.stop();
-    }
-}
-
-impl Message<events::Unsealed> for VaultGate {
-    type Reply = ();
-
-    async fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        _: events::Unsealed,
-        ctx: &mut kameo::prelude::Context<Self, Self::Reply>,
-    ) -> Self::Reply {
-        let result = async {
-            let mut conn = self.db.get().await.map_err(|_| Error::internal("DB unavailable"))?;
-            match integrity::check_entity_attestation(
-                &mut conn,
-                &self.actors.vault,
-                &self.auth_creds,
-                self.auth_creds.creds.id,
-            )
-            .await
-            {
-                Ok(AttestationStatus::Attested) => Ok(self.auth_creds.creds.clone()),
-                Ok(AttestationStatus::Unavailable) => {
-                    Err(Error::internal("Vault sealed during promotion"))
-                }
-                Err(e) => {
-                    error!(?e, "Integrity verification failed during unseal promotion");
-                    Err(Error::InvalidKey)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        .await;
-
-        if let Some(tx) = self.promotion_tx.take() {
-            let _ = tx.send(result);
-        }
-        ctx.stop();
-    }
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/peers/user_agent/vault_gate/state.rs

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-use std::sync::Mutex;
-
-use x25519_dalek::{EphemeralSecret, PublicKey, SharedSecret};
-
-pub struct Handshake {
-    client_pubkey: PublicKey,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub enum State {
-    #[default]
-    Idle,
-    ReadyForExchange {
-        server_key: PublicKey,
-        secret: SharedSecret,
-    },
-}

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/safe_cell.rs

@@ -105,11 +105,6 @@ impl<T> SafeCellHandle<T> for MemSafeCell<T> {
 
 fn abort_memory_breach(action: &str, err: &memsafe::error::MemoryError) -> ! {
     eprintln!("fatal {action}: {err}");
-    // SAFETY: Intentionally cause a segmentation fault to prevent further execution in a compromised state.
-    unsafe {
-        let unsafe_pointer = std::ptr::null_mut::<u8>();
-        std::ptr::write_volatile(unsafe_pointer, 0);
-    }
     std::process::abort();
 }
 

server/crates/arbiter-server/src/utils.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
 struct DeferClosure<F: FnOnce()> {
     f: Option<F>,
 }
@@ -14,3 +16,19 @@ impl<F: FnOnce()> Drop for DeferClosure<F> {
 pub fn defer<F: FnOnce()>(f: F) -> impl Drop + Sized {
     DeferClosure { f: Some(f) }
 }
+
+/// A trait for casting between two transparently wrapped types with identical memory layouts.
+///
+/// [`ReinterpretWrapper`] enables zero-cost conversions between two types (`Self` and `Counterpart`)
+/// that wrap the same underlying data but differ in how that data is presented. Both types must
+/// transparently wrap the same "deref target" and provide bidirectional `AsRef` conversions.
+pub trait ReinterpretWrapper<Counterpart>
+where
+    Self: Deref<Target = Self::Inner> + AsRef<Counterpart>,
+    Counterpart: Deref<Target = Self::Inner> + AsRef<Self>,
+{
+    /// The shared target type that both `Self` and `Counterpart` transparently wrap.
+    type Inner;
+    /// Reinterprets `Self` as `Counterpart`.
+    fn reinterpret(self) -> Counterpart;
+}

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/client/auth.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::{
-    authn::{self, CLIENT_CONTEXT, format_challenge},
-    safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
-};
 use arbiter_proto::ClientMetadata;
 use arbiter_proto::transport::{Receiver, Sender};
 use arbiter_server::{
-    actors::{GlobalActors, vault::Bootstrap},
+    actors::{
+        GlobalActors,
+        client::{ClientConnection, ClientCredentials, auth, connect_client},
+        keyholder::Bootstrap,
+    },
     crypto::integrity,
     db::{self, schema},
-    peers::client::{ClientConnection, ClientCredentials, auth, connect_client},
+    safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
 };
 use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, NullableExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl as _, insert_into};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
-use ml_dsa::{KeyGen, MlDsa87, SigningKey, VerifyingKey, signature::Keypair as _};
+use ed25519_dalek::Signer as _;
 
 use super::common::ChannelTransport;
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ fn metadata(name: &str, description: Option<&str>, version: Option<&str>) -> Cli
 async fn insert_registered_client(
     db: &db::DatabasePool,
     actors: &GlobalActors,
-    pubkey: VerifyingKey<MlDsa87>,
+    pubkey: ed25519_dalek::VerifyingKey,
     metadata: &ClientMetadata,
 ) {
     use arbiter_server::db::schema::{client_metadata, program_client};
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ async fn insert_registered_client(
         .unwrap();
     let client_id: i32 = insert_into(program_client::table)
         .values((
-            program_client::public_key.eq(pubkey.encode().to_vec()),
+            program_client::public_key.eq(pubkey.to_bytes().to_vec()),
             program_client::metadata_id.eq(metadata_id),
         ))
         .returning(program_client::id)
@@ -53,36 +53,21 @@ async fn insert_registered_client(
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
-    integrity::sign_entity(
+    let _ = integrity::sign_entity(
         &mut conn,
-        &actors.vault,
+        &actors.key_holder,
-        &ClientCredentials {
+        &ClientCredentials { pubkey, nonce: 1 },
-            pubkey: pubkey.into(),
-            nonce: 1,
-        },
         client_id,
     )
     .await
     .unwrap();
 }
 
-fn sign_client_challenge(
-    key: &SigningKey<MlDsa87>,
-    nonce: i32,
-    pubkey: &authn::PublicKey,
-) -> authn::Signature {
-    let challenge = format_challenge(nonce, &pubkey.to_bytes());
-    key.signing_key()
-        .sign_deterministic(&challenge, CLIENT_CONTEXT)
-        .unwrap()
-        .into()
-}
-
 async fn insert_bootstrap_sentinel_useragent(db: &db::DatabasePool) {
     let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
-    let sentinel_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng())
+    let sentinel_key = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rand::rng())
         .verifying_key()
-        .encode()
+        .to_bytes()
         .to_vec();
 
     insert_into(schema::useragent_client::table)
@@ -100,7 +85,7 @@ async fn spawn_test_actors(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> GlobalActors {
 
     let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
     actors
-        .vault
+        .key_holder
         .ask(Bootstrap {
             seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()),
         })
@@ -122,11 +107,11 @@ pub async fn test_unregistered_pubkey_rejected() {
         connect_client(props, &mut server_transport).await;
     });
 
-    let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
+    let new_key = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rand::rng());
 
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
-            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key().into(),
+            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key(),
             metadata: metadata("client", Some("desc"), Some("1.0.0")),
         })
         .await
@@ -142,7 +127,7 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actors = spawn_test_actors(&db).await;
 
-    let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
+    let new_key = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rand::rng());
 
     insert_registered_client(
         &db,
@@ -162,7 +147,7 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth() {
     // Send challenge request
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
-            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key().into(),
+            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key(),
             metadata: metadata("client", Some("desc"), Some("1.0.0")),
         })
         .await
@@ -182,7 +167,8 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth() {
     };
 
     // Sign the challenge and send solution
-    let signature = sign_client_challenge(&new_key, challenge.1, &challenge.0);
+    let formatted_challenge = arbiter_proto::format_challenge(challenge.1, challenge.0.as_bytes());
+    let signature = new_key.sign(&formatted_challenge);
 
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeSolution { signature })
@@ -208,7 +194,7 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth() {
 pub async fn test_metadata_unchanged_does_not_append_history() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actors = spawn_test_actors(&db).await;
-    let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
+    let new_key = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rand::rng());
     let requested = metadata("client", Some("desc"), Some("1.0.0"));
 
     insert_registered_client(&db, &actors, new_key.verifying_key(), &requested).await;
@@ -223,7 +209,7 @@ pub async fn test_metadata_unchanged_does_not_append_history() {
 
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
-            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key().into(),
+            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key(),
             metadata: requested,
         })
         .await
@@ -234,7 +220,7 @@ pub async fn test_metadata_unchanged_does_not_append_history() {
         auth::Outbound::AuthChallenge { pubkey, nonce } => (pubkey, nonce),
         other => panic!("Expected AuthChallenge, got {other:?}"),
     };
-    let signature = sign_client_challenge(&new_key, nonce, &pubkey);
+    let signature = new_key.sign(&arbiter_proto::format_challenge(nonce, pubkey.as_bytes()));
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeSolution { signature })
         .await
@@ -265,7 +251,7 @@ pub async fn test_metadata_unchanged_does_not_append_history() {
 pub async fn test_metadata_change_appends_history_and_repoints_binding() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actors = spawn_test_actors(&db).await;
-    let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
+    let new_key = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rand::rng());
 
     insert_registered_client(
         &db,
@@ -285,7 +271,7 @@ pub async fn test_metadata_change_appends_history_and_repoints_binding() {
 
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
-            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key().into(),
+            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key(),
             metadata: metadata("client", Some("new"), Some("2.0.0")),
         })
         .await
@@ -296,7 +282,7 @@ pub async fn test_metadata_change_appends_history_and_repoints_binding() {
         auth::Outbound::AuthChallenge { pubkey, nonce } => (pubkey, nonce),
         other => panic!("Expected AuthChallenge, got {other:?}"),
     };
-    let signature = sign_client_challenge(&new_key, nonce, &pubkey);
+    let signature = new_key.sign(&arbiter_proto::format_challenge(nonce, pubkey.as_bytes()));
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeSolution { signature })
         .await
@@ -353,7 +339,7 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth_rejects_integrity_tag_mismatch() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actors = spawn_test_actors(&db).await;
 
-    let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
+    let new_key = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rand::rng());
     let requested = metadata("client", Some("desc"), Some("1.0.0"));
 
     {
@@ -371,7 +357,7 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth_rejects_integrity_tag_mismatch() {
             .unwrap();
         insert_into(program_client::table)
             .values((
-                program_client::public_key.eq(new_key.verifying_key().encode().to_vec()),
+                program_client::public_key.eq(new_key.verifying_key().to_bytes().to_vec()),
                 program_client::metadata_id.eq(metadata_id),
             ))
             .execute(&mut conn)
@@ -388,7 +374,7 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth_rejects_integrity_tag_mismatch() {
 
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
-            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key().into(),
+            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key(),
             metadata: requested,
         })
         .await

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/common/mod.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 use arbiter_proto::transport::{Bi, Error, Receiver, Sender};
 use arbiter_server::{
-    actors::{GlobalActors, vault::Vault},
+    actors::keyholder::KeyHolder,
     db::{self, schema},
+    safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
 };
-
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use diesel::QueryDsl;
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
-pub async fn bootstrapped_vault(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> Vault {
+pub async fn bootstrapped_keyholder(db: &db::DatabasePool) -> KeyHolder {
-    let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor = KeyHolder::new(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
     actor
         .bootstrap(SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()))
         .await

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/keyholder.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+mod common;
+
+#[path = "keyholder/concurrency.rs"]
+mod concurrency;
+#[path = "keyholder/lifecycle.rs"]
+mod lifecycle;
+#[path = "keyholder/storage.rs"]
+mod storage;

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/keyholder/concurrency.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 use arbiter_server::{
-    actors::{
+    actors::keyholder::{CreateNew, Error, KeyHolder},
-        GlobalActors,
-        vault::{CreateNew, Error, Vault},
-    },
     db::{self, models, schema},
+    safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
 };
-
 use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl, SelectableHelper, dsl::sql_query};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 use kameo::actor::{ActorRef, Spawn as _};
@@ -17,7 +13,7 @@ use tokio::task::JoinSet;
 use crate::common;
 
 async fn write_concurrently(
-    actor: ActorRef<Vault>,
+    actor: ActorRef<KeyHolder>,
     prefix: &'static str,
     count: usize,
 ) -> Vec<(i32, Vec<u8>)> {
@@ -47,7 +43,7 @@ async fn write_concurrently(
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn concurrent_create_new_no_duplicate_nonces_() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let actor = Vault::spawn(common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await);
+    let actor = KeyHolder::spawn(common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await);
 
     let writes = write_concurrently(actor, "nonce-unique", 32).await;
     assert_eq!(writes.len(), 32);
@@ -69,7 +65,7 @@ async fn concurrent_create_new_no_duplicate_nonces_() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn concurrent_create_new_root_nonce_never_moves_backward() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let actor = Vault::spawn(common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await);
+    let actor = KeyHolder::spawn(common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await);
 
     write_concurrently(actor, "root-max", 24).await;
 
@@ -97,7 +93,7 @@ async fn concurrent_create_new_root_nonce_never_moves_backward() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn insert_failure_does_not_create_partial_row() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
+    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
     let root_key_history_id = common::root_key_history_id(&db).await;
 
     let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
@@ -159,14 +155,12 @@ async fn insert_failure_does_not_create_partial_row() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn decrypt_roundtrip_after_high_concurrency() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let actor = Vault::spawn(common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await);
+    let actor = KeyHolder::spawn(common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await);
 
     let writes = write_concurrently(actor, "roundtrip", 40).await;
     let expected: HashMap<i32, Vec<u8>> = writes.into_iter().collect();
 
-    let mut decryptor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut decryptor = KeyHolder::new(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
     decryptor
         .try_unseal(SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()))
         .await

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/keyholder/lifecycle.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 use arbiter_server::{
-    actors::{
+    actors::keyholder::{Error, KeyHolder},
-        GlobalActors,
-        vault::{Error, Vault},
-    },
     crypto::encryption::v1::{Nonce, ROOT_KEY_TAG},
     db::{self, models, schema},
+    safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
 };
-
 use diesel::{QueryDsl, SelectableHelper};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 
@@ -17,9 +13,7 @@ use crate::common;
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn test_bootstrap() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor = KeyHolder::new(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
 
     let seal_key = SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec());
     actor.bootstrap(seal_key).await.unwrap();
@@ -42,7 +36,7 @@ async fn test_bootstrap() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn test_bootstrap_rejects_double() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
+    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
 
     let seal_key2 = SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec());
     let err = actor.bootstrap(seal_key2).await.unwrap_err();
@@ -53,9 +47,7 @@ async fn test_bootstrap_rejects_double() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn test_create_new_before_bootstrap_fails() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = Vault::new(db, GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor = KeyHolder::new(db).await.unwrap();
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
 
     let err = actor
         .create_new(SafeCell::new(b"data".to_vec()))
@@ -68,9 +60,7 @@ async fn test_create_new_before_bootstrap_fails() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn test_decrypt_before_bootstrap_fails() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = Vault::new(db, GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor = KeyHolder::new(db).await.unwrap();
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
 
     let err = actor.decrypt(1).await.unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::NotBootstrapped));
@@ -80,12 +70,10 @@ async fn test_decrypt_before_bootstrap_fails() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn test_new_restores_sealed_state() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
+    let actor = common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
     drop(actor);
 
-    let mut actor2 = Vault::new(db, GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor2 = KeyHolder::new(db).await.unwrap();
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
     let err = actor2.decrypt(1).await.unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::NotBootstrapped));
 }
@@ -94,7 +82,7 @@ async fn test_new_restores_sealed_state() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn test_unseal_correct_password() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
+    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
 
     let plaintext = b"survive a restart";
     let aead_id = actor
@@ -103,9 +91,7 @@ async fn test_unseal_correct_password() {
         .unwrap();
     drop(actor);
 
-    let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor = KeyHolder::new(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
     let seal_key = SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec());
     actor.try_unseal(seal_key).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -117,7 +103,7 @@ async fn test_unseal_correct_password() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn test_unseal_wrong_then_correct_password() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
+    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
 
     let plaintext = b"important data";
     let aead_id = actor
@@ -126,9 +112,7 @@ async fn test_unseal_wrong_then_correct_password() {
         .unwrap();
     drop(actor);
 
-    let mut actor = Vault::new(db.clone(), GlobalActors::spawn_message_bus())
+    let mut actor = KeyHolder::new(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
 
     let bad_key = SafeCell::new(b"wrong-password".to_vec());
     let err = actor.try_unseal(bad_key).await.unwrap_err();

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/keyholder/storage.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 
-use arbiter_crypto::safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _};
 use arbiter_server::{
-    actors::vault::Error,
+    actors::keyholder::Error,
     crypto::encryption::v1::Nonce,
     db::{self, models, schema},
+    safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
 };
-
 use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl, SelectableHelper, dsl::update};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ use crate::common;
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn test_create_decrypt_roundtrip() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
+    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
 
     let plaintext = b"hello arbiter";
     let aead_id = actor
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ async fn test_create_decrypt_roundtrip() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn test_decrypt_nonexistent_returns_not_found() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
+    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
 
     let err = actor.decrypt(9999).await.unwrap_err();
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::NotFound));
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ async fn test_decrypt_nonexistent_returns_not_found() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn test_ciphertext_differs_across_entries() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
+    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
 
     let plaintext = b"same content";
     let id1 = actor
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ async fn test_ciphertext_differs_across_entries() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn test_nonce_never_reused() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
+    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
 
     let n = 5;
     for i in 0..n {
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ async fn test_nonce_never_reused() {
 #[test_log::test]
 async fn broken_db_nonce_format_fails_closed() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
+    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
     let root_key_history_id = common::root_key_history_id(&db).await;
 
     let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ async fn broken_db_nonce_format_fails_closed() {
     assert!(matches!(err, Error::BrokenDatabase));
 
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
-    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_vault(&db).await;
+    let mut actor = common::bootstrapped_keyholder(&db).await;
     let id = actor
         .create_new(SafeCell::new(b"decrypt target".to_vec()))
         .await

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/user_agent/auth.rs

@@ -1,40 +1,28 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::{
-    authn::{self, USERAGENT_CONTEXT, format_challenge},
-    safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
-};
-
 use arbiter_proto::transport::{Receiver, Sender};
 use arbiter_server::{
-    actors::{GlobalActors, bootstrap::GetToken, vault::Bootstrap},
+    actors::{
+        GlobalActors,
+        bootstrap::GetToken,
+        keyholder::Bootstrap,
+        user_agent::{AuthPublicKey, UserAgentConnection, UserAgentCredentials, auth},
+    },
     crypto::integrity,
     db::{self, schema},
-    peers::user_agent::{AuthCredentials, Credentials, UserAgentConnection, auth},
+    safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
 };
 use diesel::{ExpressionMethods as _, QueryDsl, insert_into};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
-use ml_dsa::{KeyGen, MlDsa87, SigningKey, signature::Keypair as _};
+use ed25519_dalek::Signer as _;
 
 use super::common::ChannelTransport;
 
-fn sign_useragent_challenge(
-    key: &SigningKey<MlDsa87>,
-    nonce: i32,
-    pubkey_bytes: &[u8],
-) -> authn::Signature {
-    let challenge = format_challenge(nonce, pubkey_bytes);
-    key.signing_key()
-        .sign_deterministic(&challenge, USERAGENT_CONTEXT)
-        .unwrap()
-        .into()
-}
-
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn test_bootstrap_token_auth() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
     actors
-        .vault
+        .key_holder
         .ask(Bootstrap {
             seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()),
         })
@@ -42,17 +30,17 @@ pub async fn test_bootstrap_token_auth() {
         .unwrap();
     let token = actors.bootstrapper.ask(GetToken).await.unwrap().unwrap();
 
-    let (mut server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
+    let (server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
     let db_for_task = db.clone();
     let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
         let mut props = UserAgentConnection::new(db_for_task, actors);
-        auth::authenticate(&mut props, &mut server_transport).await
+        auth::authenticate(&mut props, server_transport).await
     });
 
-    let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
+    let new_key = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rand::rng());
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
-            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key().into(),
+            pubkey: AuthPublicKey::Ed25519(new_key.verifying_key()),
             bootstrap_token: Some(token),
         })
         .await
@@ -75,7 +63,7 @@ pub async fn test_bootstrap_token_auth() {
         .first::<Vec<u8>>(&mut conn)
         .await
         .unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(stored_pubkey, new_key.verifying_key().encode().to_vec());
+    assert_eq!(stored_pubkey, new_key.verifying_key().to_bytes().to_vec());
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
@@ -84,17 +72,17 @@ pub async fn test_bootstrap_invalid_token_auth() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
 
-    let (mut server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
+    let (server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
     let db_for_task = db.clone();
     let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
         let mut props = UserAgentConnection::new(db_for_task, actors);
-        auth::authenticate(&mut props, &mut server_transport).await
+        auth::authenticate(&mut props, server_transport).await
     });
 
-    let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
+    let new_key = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rand::rng());
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
-            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key().into(),
+            pubkey: AuthPublicKey::Ed25519(new_key.verifying_key()),
             bootstrap_token: Some("invalid_token".to_string()),
         })
         .await
@@ -120,15 +108,15 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
     actors
-        .vault
+        .key_holder
         .ask(Bootstrap {
             seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()),
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
-    let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
+    let new_key = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rand::rng());
-    let pubkey_bytes = new_key.verifying_key().encode().to_vec();
+    let pubkey_bytes = new_key.verifying_key().to_bytes().to_vec();
 
     {
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
@@ -143,30 +131,28 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth() {
             .unwrap();
         integrity::sign_entity(
             &mut conn,
-            &actors.vault,
+            &actors.key_holder,
-            &AuthCredentials {
+            &UserAgentCredentials {
-                creds: Credentials {
+                pubkey: AuthPublicKey::Ed25519(new_key.verifying_key()),
-                    id,
+                nonce: 1,
-                    pubkey: new_key.verifying_key().into(),
-                },
-                new_nonce: 1,
             },
             id,
         )
         .await
-        .unwrap();
+        .unwrap()
+        .drop_verification_provenance();
     }
 
-    let (mut server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
+    let (server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
     let db_for_task = db.clone();
     let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
         let mut props = UserAgentConnection::new(db_for_task, actors);
-        auth::authenticate(&mut props, &mut server_transport).await
+        auth::authenticate(&mut props, server_transport).await
     });
 
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
-            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key().into(),
+            pubkey: AuthPublicKey::Ed25519(new_key.verifying_key()),
             bootstrap_token: None,
         })
         .await
@@ -184,11 +170,12 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth() {
         Err(err) => panic!("Expected Ok response, got Err({err:?})"),
     };
 
-    let signature = sign_useragent_challenge(&new_key, challenge, &pubkey_bytes);
+    let formatted_challenge = arbiter_proto::format_challenge(challenge, &pubkey_bytes);
+    let signature = new_key.sign(&formatted_challenge);
 
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeSolution {
-            signature: signature.to_bytes(),
+            signature: signature.to_bytes().to_vec(),
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -212,15 +199,15 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth_rejects_integrity_tag_mismatch_when_unsealed()
     let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
 
     actors
-        .vault
+        .key_holder
         .ask(Bootstrap {
             seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()),
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
-    let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
+    let new_key = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rand::rng());
-    let pubkey_bytes = new_key.verifying_key().encode().to_vec();
+    let pubkey_bytes = new_key.verifying_key().to_bytes().to_vec();
 
     {
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
@@ -234,16 +221,16 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth_rejects_integrity_tag_mismatch_when_unsealed()
             .unwrap();
     }
 
-    let (mut server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
+    let (server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
     let db_for_task = db.clone();
     let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
         let mut props = UserAgentConnection::new(db_for_task, actors);
-        auth::authenticate(&mut props, &mut server_transport).await
+        auth::authenticate(&mut props, server_transport).await
     });
 
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
-            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key().into(),
+            pubkey: AuthPublicKey::Ed25519(new_key.verifying_key()),
             bootstrap_token: None,
         })
         .await
@@ -261,15 +248,15 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth_rejects_invalid_signature() {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
     actors
-        .vault
+        .key_holder
         .ask(Bootstrap {
             seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(b"test-seal-key".to_vec()),
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
-    let new_key = MlDsa87::key_gen(&mut rand::rng());
+    let new_key = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rand::rng());
-    let pubkey_bytes = new_key.verifying_key().encode().to_vec();
+    let pubkey_bytes = new_key.verifying_key().to_bytes().to_vec();
 
     {
         let mut conn = db.get().await.unwrap();
@@ -284,30 +271,28 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth_rejects_invalid_signature() {
             .unwrap();
         integrity::sign_entity(
             &mut conn,
-            &actors.vault,
+            &actors.key_holder,
-            &AuthCredentials {
+            &UserAgentCredentials {
-                creds: Credentials {
+                pubkey: AuthPublicKey::Ed25519(new_key.verifying_key()),
-                    id,
+                nonce: 1,
-                    pubkey: new_key.verifying_key().into(),
-                },
-                new_nonce: 1,
             },
             id,
         )
         .await
-        .unwrap();
+        .unwrap()
+        .drop_verification_provenance();
     }
 
-    let (mut server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
+    let (server_transport, mut test_transport) = ChannelTransport::new();
     let db_for_task = db.clone();
     let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
         let mut props = UserAgentConnection::new(db_for_task, actors);
-        auth::authenticate(&mut props, &mut server_transport).await
+        auth::authenticate(&mut props, server_transport).await
     });
 
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeRequest {
-            pubkey: new_key.verifying_key().into(),
+            pubkey: AuthPublicKey::Ed25519(new_key.verifying_key()),
             bootstrap_token: None,
         })
         .await
@@ -325,11 +310,12 @@ pub async fn test_challenge_auth_rejects_invalid_signature() {
         Err(err) => panic!("Expected Ok response, got Err({err:?})"),
     };
 
-    let signature = sign_useragent_challenge(&new_key, challenge + 1, &pubkey_bytes);
+    let wrong_challenge = arbiter_proto::format_challenge(challenge + 1, &pubkey_bytes);
+    let signature = new_key.sign(&wrong_challenge);
 
     test_transport
         .send(auth::Inbound::AuthChallengeSolution {
-            signature: signature.to_bytes(),
+            signature: signature.to_bytes().to_vec(),
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/user_agent/unseal.rs

@@ -1,59 +1,48 @@
-use arbiter_crypto::{
-    authn,
-    safecell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
-};
 use arbiter_server::{
     actors::{
         GlobalActors,
-        vault::{Bootstrap, Seal},
+        keyholder::{Bootstrap, Seal},
+        user_agent::{
+            UserAgentSession,
+            session::connection::{HandleUnsealEncryptedKey, HandleUnsealRequest, UnsealError},
+        },
     },
     db,
-    peers::user_agent::{
+    safe_cell::{SafeCell, SafeCellHandle as _},
-        AuthCredentials, Credentials,
-        vault_gate::{Error as VaultGateError, HandleHandshake, HandleUnsealEncryptedKey, VaultGate},
-    },
 };
-
 use chacha20poly1305::{AeadInPlace, XChaCha20Poly1305, XNonce, aead::KeyInit};
 use kameo::actor::Spawn as _;
-use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 use x25519_dalek::{EphemeralSecret, PublicKey};
 
-async fn setup_sealed_gate(
+async fn setup_sealed_user_agent(
     seal_key: &[u8],
-) -> (db::DatabasePool, kameo::actor::ActorRef<VaultGate>, oneshot::Receiver<Result<Credentials, VaultGateError>>) {
+) -> (db::DatabasePool, kameo::actor::ActorRef<UserAgentSession>) {
     let db = db::create_test_pool().await;
     let actors = GlobalActors::spawn(db.clone()).await.unwrap();
 
     actors
-        .vault
+        .key_holder
         .ask(Bootstrap {
             seal_key_raw: SafeCell::new(seal_key.to_vec()),
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
-    actors.vault.ask(Seal).await.unwrap();
+    actors.key_holder.ask(Seal).await.unwrap();
 
-    let (promotion_tx, promotion_rx) = oneshot::channel();
+    let session = UserAgentSession::spawn(UserAgentSession::new_test(db.clone(), actors));
-    let pubkey = authn::SigningKey::generate().public_key();
-    let auth_creds = AuthCredentials {
-        creds: Credentials { id: 1, pubkey },
-        new_nonce: 1,
-    };
-    let gate = VaultGate::spawn(VaultGate::new(auth_creds, actors, db.clone(), promotion_tx));
 
-    (db, gate, promotion_rx)
+    (db, session)
 }
 
 async fn client_dh_encrypt(
-    gate: &kameo::actor::ActorRef<VaultGate>,
+    user_agent: &kameo::actor::ActorRef<UserAgentSession>,
     key_to_send: &[u8],
 ) -> HandleUnsealEncryptedKey {
     let client_secret = EphemeralSecret::random();
     let client_public = PublicKey::from(&client_secret);
 
-    let response = gate
+    let response = user_agent
-        .ask(HandleHandshake {
+        .ask(HandleUnsealRequest {
             client_pubkey: client_public,
         })
         .await
@@ -81,26 +70,26 @@ async fn client_dh_encrypt(
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn test_unseal_success() {
     let seal_key = b"test-seal-key";
-    let (_db, gate, _promotion_rx) = setup_sealed_gate(seal_key).await;
+    let (_db, user_agent) = setup_sealed_user_agent(seal_key).await;
 
-    let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, seal_key).await;
+    let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&user_agent, seal_key).await;
 
-    let response = gate.ask(encrypted_key).await;
+    let response = user_agent.ask(encrypted_key).await;
     assert!(matches!(response, Ok(())));
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn test_unseal_wrong_seal_key() {
-    let (_db, gate, _promotion_rx) = setup_sealed_gate(b"correct-key").await;
+    let (_db, user_agent) = setup_sealed_user_agent(b"correct-key").await;
 
-    let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, b"wrong-key").await;
+    let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&user_agent, b"wrong-key").await;
 
-    let response = gate.ask(encrypted_key).await;
+    let response = user_agent.ask(encrypted_key).await;
     assert!(matches!(
         response,
         Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(
-            VaultGateError::InvalidKey
+            UnsealError::InvalidKey
         ))
     ));
 }
@@ -108,18 +97,19 @@ pub async fn test_unseal_wrong_seal_key() {
 #[tokio::test]
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn test_unseal_corrupted_ciphertext() {
-    let (_db, gate, _promotion_rx) = setup_sealed_gate(b"test-key").await;
+    let (_db, user_agent) = setup_sealed_user_agent(b"test-key").await;
 
     let client_secret = EphemeralSecret::random();
     let client_public = PublicKey::from(&client_secret);
 
-    gate.ask(HandleHandshake {
+    user_agent
+        .ask(HandleUnsealRequest {
             client_pubkey: client_public,
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
-    let response = gate
+    let response = user_agent
         .ask(HandleUnsealEncryptedKey {
             nonce: vec![0u8; 24],
             ciphertext: vec![0u8; 32],
@@ -130,7 +120,7 @@ pub async fn test_unseal_corrupted_ciphertext() {
     assert!(matches!(
         response,
         Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(
-            VaultGateError::InvalidKey
+            UnsealError::InvalidKey
         ))
     ));
 }
@@ -139,24 +129,24 @@ pub async fn test_unseal_corrupted_ciphertext() {
 #[test_log::test]
 pub async fn test_unseal_retry_after_invalid_key() {
     let seal_key = b"real-seal-key";
-    let (_db, gate, _promotion_rx) = setup_sealed_gate(seal_key).await;
+    let (_db, user_agent) = setup_sealed_user_agent(seal_key).await;
 
     {
-        let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, b"wrong-key").await;
+        let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&user_agent, b"wrong-key").await;
 
-        let response = gate.ask(encrypted_key).await;
+        let response = user_agent.ask(encrypted_key).await;
         assert!(matches!(
             response,
             Err(kameo::error::SendError::HandlerError(
-                VaultGateError::InvalidKey
+                UnsealError::InvalidKey
             ))
         ));
     }
 
     {
-        let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&gate, seal_key).await;
+        let encrypted_key = client_dh_encrypt(&user_agent, seal_key).await;
 
-        let response = gate.ask(encrypted_key).await;
+        let response = user_agent.ask(encrypted_key).await;
         assert!(matches!(response, Ok(())));
     }
 }

server/crates/arbiter-server/tests/vault.rs

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-mod common;
-
-#[path = "vault/concurrency.rs"]
-mod concurrency;
-#[path = "vault/lifecycle.rs"]
-mod lifecycle;
-#[path = "vault/storage.rs"]
-mod storage;

useragent/flutter_rust_bridge.yaml

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-rust_input: crate::api
-rust_root: rust/
-dart_output: lib/src/rust

useragent/lib/features/callouts/callout_event.dart

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ sealed class CalloutEvent with _$CalloutEvent {
     required CalloutData data,
   }) = CalloutEventAdded;
 
-  const factory CalloutEvent.cancelled({required String id}) =
+  const factory CalloutEvent.cancelled({
-      CalloutEventCancelled;
+    required String id,
+  }) = CalloutEventCancelled;
 }

useragent/lib/features/callouts/show_callout.dart

@@ -14,8 +14,11 @@ Future<void> showCallout(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref, String id) async {
     barrierLabel: MaterialLocalizations.of(context).modalBarrierDismissLabel,
     barrierColor: Colors.transparent,
     transitionDuration: const Duration(milliseconds: 320),
-    pageBuilder: (_, animation, _) =>
+    pageBuilder: (_, animation, _) => _CalloutOverlay(
-        _CalloutOverlay(id: id, data: data, animation: animation),
+      id: id,
+      data: data,
+      animation: animation,
+    ),
   );
 }
 
@@ -32,24 +35,21 @@ class _CalloutOverlay extends ConsumerWidget {
 
   @override
   Widget build(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) {
-    ref.listen(calloutManagerProvider.select((map) => map.containsKey(id)), (
+    ref.listen(
-      wasPresent,
+      calloutManagerProvider.select((map) => map.containsKey(id)),
-      isPresent,
+      (wasPresent, isPresent) {
-    ) {
         if (wasPresent == true && !isPresent && context.mounted) {
           Navigator.of(context).pop();
         }
-    });
+      },
+    );
 
     final content = switch (data) {
-      ConnectApprovalData(:final pubkey, :final clientInfo) =>
+      ConnectApprovalData(:final pubkey, :final clientInfo) => SdkConnectCallout(
-        SdkConnectCallout(
         pubkey: pubkey,
         clientInfo: clientInfo,
-          onAccept: () =>
+        onAccept: () => ref.read(calloutManagerProvider.notifier).sendDecision(id, true),
-              ref.read(calloutManagerProvider.notifier).sendDecision(id, true),
+        onDecline: () => ref.read(calloutManagerProvider.notifier).sendDecision(id, false),
-          onDecline: () =>
-              ref.read(calloutManagerProvider.notifier).sendDecision(id, false),
       ),
     };
 

useragent/lib/features/callouts/show_callout_list.dart

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ Future<void> showCalloutList(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) async {
     barrierLabel: MaterialLocalizations.of(context).modalBarrierDismissLabel,
     barrierColor: Colors.transparent,
     transitionDuration: const Duration(milliseconds: 280),
-    pageBuilder: (_, animation, __) =>
+    pageBuilder: (_, animation, __) => _CalloutListOverlay(animation: animation),
-        _CalloutListOverlay(animation: animation),
   );
 
   if (selectedId != null && context.mounted) {
@@ -52,9 +51,7 @@ class _CalloutListOverlay extends ConsumerWidget {
               child: AnimatedBuilder(
                 animation: barrierAnim,
                 builder: (_, __) => ColoredBox(
-                  color: Colors.black.withValues(
+                  color: Colors.black.withValues(alpha: 0.35 * barrierAnim.value),
-                    alpha: 0.35 * barrierAnim.value,
-                  ),
                 ),
               ),
             ),

useragent/lib/features/connection/arbiter_url.dart

@@ -50,9 +50,7 @@ class ArbiterUrl {
     try {
       return base64Url.decode(base64Url.normalize(cert));
     } on FormatException catch (error) {
-      throw FormatException(
+      throw FormatException("Invalid base64 in 'cert' query parameter: ${error.message}");
-        "Invalid base64 in 'cert' query parameter: ${error.message}",
-      );
     }
   }
 }

useragent/lib/features/connection/auth.dart

@@ -61,6 +61,11 @@ Future<Connection> connectAndAuthorize(
     final req = ua_auth.AuthChallengeRequest(
       pubkey: pubkey,
       bootstrapToken: bootstrapToken,
+      keyType: switch (key.alg) {
+        KeyAlgorithm.rsa => ua_auth.KeyType.KEY_TYPE_RSA,
+        KeyAlgorithm.ecdsa => ua_auth.KeyType.KEY_TYPE_ECDSA_SECP256K1,
+        KeyAlgorithm.ed25519 => ua_auth.KeyType.KEY_TYPE_ED25519,
+      },
     );
     final response = await connection.ask(
       UserAgentRequest(auth: ua_auth.Request(challengeRequest: req)),
@@ -101,9 +106,7 @@ Future<Connection> connectAndAuthorize(
     final solutionResponse = await connection.ask(
       UserAgentRequest(
         auth: ua_auth.Request(
-          challengeSolution: ua_auth.AuthChallengeSolution(
+          challengeSolution: ua_auth.AuthChallengeSolution(signature: signature),
-            signature: signature,
-          ),
         ),
       ),
     );

useragent/lib/features/connection/connection.dart

@@ -85,9 +85,7 @@ class Connection {
     if (response.hasId()) {
       final completer = _pendingRequests.remove(response.id);
       if (completer == null) {
-        talker.warning(
+        talker.warning('Received response for unknown request id ${response.id}');
-          'Received response for unknown request id ${response.id}',
-        );
         return;
       }
       completer.complete(response);

useragent/lib/features/connection/evm.dart

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ Future<List<WalletEntry>> listEvmWallets(Connection connection) async {
     UserAgentRequest(evm: ua_evm.Request(walletList: Empty())),
   );
   if (!response.hasEvm()) {
-    throw Exception('Expected EVM response, got ${response.whichPayload()}');
+    throw Exception(
+      'Expected EVM response, got ${response.whichPayload()}',
+    );
   }
 
   final evmResponse = response.evm;
@@ -35,7 +37,9 @@ Future<void> createEvmWallet(Connection connection) async {
     UserAgentRequest(evm: ua_evm.Request(walletCreate: Empty())),
   );
   if (!response.hasEvm()) {
-    throw Exception('Expected EVM response, got ${response.whichPayload()}');
+    throw Exception(
+      'Expected EVM response, got ${response.whichPayload()}',
+    );
   }
 
   final evmResponse = response.evm;

useragent/lib/features/connection/evm/grants.dart

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ Future<List<GrantEntry>> listEvmGrants(Connection connection) async {
     UserAgentRequest(evm: ua_evm.Request(grantList: request)),
   );
   if (!response.hasEvm()) {
-    throw Exception('Expected EVM response, got ${response.whichPayload()}');
+    throw Exception(
+      'Expected EVM response, got ${response.whichPayload()}',
+    );
   }
 
   final evmResponse = response.evm;
@@ -48,7 +50,9 @@ Future<int> createEvmGrant(
   final resp = await connection.ask(request);
 
   if (!resp.hasEvm()) {
-    throw Exception('Expected EVM response, got ${resp.whichPayload()}');
+    throw Exception(
+      'Expected EVM response, got ${resp.whichPayload()}',
+    );
   }
 
   final evmResponse = resp.evm;
@@ -66,11 +70,15 @@ Future<int> createEvmGrant(
 Future<void> deleteEvmGrant(Connection connection, int grantId) async {
   final response = await connection.ask(
     UserAgentRequest(
-      evm: ua_evm.Request(grantDelete: EvmGrantDeleteRequest(grantId: grantId)),
+      evm: ua_evm.Request(
+        grantDelete: EvmGrantDeleteRequest(grantId: grantId),
+      ),
     ),
   );
   if (!response.hasEvm()) {
-    throw Exception('Expected EVM response, got ${response.whichPayload()}');
+    throw Exception(
+      'Expected EVM response, got ${response.whichPayload()}',
+    );
   }
 
   final evmResponse = response.evm;

useragent/lib/features/connection/evm/wallet_access.dart

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ Future<Set<int>> readClientWalletAccess(
   required int clientId,
 }) async {
   final response = await connection.ask(
-    UserAgentRequest(sdkClient: ua_sdk.Request(listWalletAccess: Empty())),
+    UserAgentRequest(
+      sdkClient: ua_sdk.Request(listWalletAccess: Empty()),
+    ),
   );
   if (!response.hasSdkClient()) {
     throw Exception(
@@ -31,7 +33,9 @@ Future<List<ua_sdk.WalletAccessEntry>> listAllWalletAccesses(
   Connection connection,
 ) async {
   final response = await connection.ask(
-    UserAgentRequest(sdkClient: ua_sdk.Request(listWalletAccess: Empty())),
+    UserAgentRequest(
+      sdkClient: ua_sdk.Request(listWalletAccess: Empty()),
+    ),
   );
   if (!response.hasSdkClient()) {
     throw Exception(
@@ -77,7 +81,9 @@ Future<void> writeClientWalletAccess(
       UserAgentRequest(
         sdkClient: ua_sdk.Request(
           revokeWalletAccess: ua_sdk.RevokeWalletAccess(
-            accesses: [for (final walletId in toRevoke) walletId],
+            accesses: [
+              for (final walletId in toRevoke) walletId,
+            ],
           ),
         ),
       ),

useragent/lib/features/connection/server_info_storage.dart

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ class StoredServerInfo {
   final int port;
   final String caCertFingerprint;
 
-  factory StoredServerInfo.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) =>
+  factory StoredServerInfo.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) => _$StoredServerInfoFromJson(json);
-      _$StoredServerInfoFromJson(json);
   Map<String, dynamic> toJson() => _$StoredServerInfoToJson(this);
+  
 }
 
 abstract class ServerInfoStorage {

useragent/lib/features/connection/vault.dart

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import 'package:arbiter/features/connection/connection.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/proto/user_agent/vault/bootstrap.pb.dart'
+import 'package:arbiter/proto/user_agent/vault/bootstrap.pb.dart' as ua_bootstrap;
-    as ua_bootstrap;
 import 'package:arbiter/proto/user_agent/vault/unseal.pb.dart' as ua_unseal;
 import 'package:arbiter/proto/user_agent/vault/vault.pb.dart' as ua_vault;
 import 'package:arbiter/proto/user_agent.pb.dart';
@@ -28,7 +27,9 @@ Future<ua_bootstrap.BootstrapResult> bootstrapVault(
     ),
   );
   if (!response.hasVault()) {
-    throw Exception('Expected vault response, got ${response.whichPayload()}');
+    throw Exception(
+      'Expected vault response, got ${response.whichPayload()}',
+    );
   }
 
   final vaultResponse = response.vault;

useragent/lib/features/identity/hazmat_mldsa.dart

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-import 'dart:convert';
-
-import 'package:arbiter/src/rust/api.dart';
-import 'package:cryptography/cryptography.dart';
-import 'package:flutter_secure_storage/flutter_secure_storage.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/features/identity/pk_manager.dart';
-
-final storage = FlutterSecureStorage(
-  aOptions: AndroidOptions.biometric(
-    enforceBiometrics: true,
-    biometricPromptTitle: 'Authentication Required',
-  ),
-  mOptions: MacOsOptions(
-    accessibility: KeychainAccessibility.unlocked_this_device,
-    label: "Arbiter",
-    description: "Confirm your identity to access vault",
-    synchronizable: false,
-    accessControlFlags: [AccessControlFlag.userPresence],
-    usesDataProtectionKeychain: true,
-  ),
-);
-
-class HazmatMldsa extends KeyHandle {
-  final MldsaKey _key;
-
-  HazmatMldsa({required MldsaKey key}) : _key = key;
-
-  @override
-  Future<List<int>> getPublicKey() async {
-    final publicKey = await _key.getPublicKey();
-    return publicKey;
-  }
-
-  @override
-  Future<List<int>> sign(List<int> data) async {
-    final signature = await _key.sign(message: data);
-    return signature;
-  }
-}
-
-class HazmatMLDSAManager extends KeyManager {
-  static const _storageKey = "ed25519_identity";
-
-  @override
-  Future<KeyHandle> create() async {
-    final storedKey = await get();
-    if (storedKey != null) {
-      return storedKey;
-    }
-
-    final newKeypair = await MldsaKey.generate();
-    final keyBytes = await newKeypair.toBytes();
-
-    await storage.write(key: _storageKey, value: base64Encode(keyBytes));
-
-    return HazmatMldsa(key: newKeypair);
-  }
-
-  @override
-  Future<KeyHandle?> get() async {
-    final storedKeyPair = await storage.read(key: _storageKey);
-    if (storedKeyPair == null) {
-      return null;
-    }
-
-    final keyBytes = base64Decode(storedKeyPair);
-    final key = await MldsaKey.fromBytes(bytes: keyBytes);
-
-    return HazmatMldsa(key: key);
-  }
-}

useragent/lib/features/identity/pk_manager.dart

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
+enum KeyAlgorithm {
+  rsa, ecdsa, ed25519
+}
+
 // The API to handle without storing the private key in memory. 
 //The implementation will use platform-specific secure storage and signing capabilities.
 abstract class KeyHandle {
+  KeyAlgorithm get alg;
   Future<List<int>> sign(List<int> data);
   Future<List<int>> getPublicKey();
 }

useragent/lib/features/identity/simple_ed25519.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import 'dart:convert';
+
+import 'package:cryptography/cryptography.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_secure_storage/flutter_secure_storage.dart';
+import 'package:arbiter/features/identity/pk_manager.dart';
+
+final storage = FlutterSecureStorage(
+  aOptions: AndroidOptions.biometric(
+    enforceBiometrics: true,
+    biometricPromptTitle: 'Authentication Required',
+  ),
+  mOptions: MacOsOptions(
+    accessibility: KeychainAccessibility.unlocked_this_device,
+    label: "Arbiter",
+    description: "Confirm your identity to access vault",
+    synchronizable: false,
+    accessControlFlags: [
+      AccessControlFlag.userPresence,
+    ],
+    usesDataProtectionKeychain: true,
+  ),
+);
+
+final processor = Ed25519();
+
+class SimpleEd25519 extends KeyHandle {
+  final SimpleKeyPair _keyPair;
+
+  SimpleEd25519({required SimpleKeyPair keyPair}) : _keyPair = keyPair;
+
+  @override
+  KeyAlgorithm get alg => KeyAlgorithm.ed25519;
+
+  @override
+  Future<List<int>> getPublicKey() async {
+    final publicKey = await _keyPair.extractPublicKey();
+    return publicKey.bytes;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<List<int>> sign(List<int> data) async {
+    final signature = await processor.sign(data, keyPair: _keyPair);
+    return signature.bytes;
+  }
+}
+
+class SimpleEd25519Manager extends KeyManager {
+  static const _storageKey = "ed25519_identity";
+  static const _storagePublicKey = "ed25519_public_key";
+
+  @override
+  Future<KeyHandle> create() async {
+    final storedKey = await get();
+    if (storedKey != null) {
+      return storedKey;
+    }
+
+    final newKey = await processor.newKeyPair();
+    final rawKey = await newKey.extract();
+
+    final keyData = base64Encode(rawKey.bytes);
+    await storage.write(key: _storageKey, value: keyData);
+
+    final publicKeyData = base64Encode(rawKey.publicKey.bytes);
+    await storage.write(key: _storagePublicKey, value: publicKeyData);
+
+    return SimpleEd25519(keyPair: newKey);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<KeyHandle?> get() async {
+    final storedKeyPair = await storage.read(key: _storageKey);
+    if (storedKeyPair == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    final publicKeyData = await storage.read(key: _storagePublicKey);
+    final publicKeyRaw = base64Decode(publicKeyData!);
+    final publicKey = SimplePublicKey(
+      publicKeyRaw,
+      type: processor.keyPairType,
+    );
+
+    final keyBytes = base64Decode(storedKeyPair);
+    final keypair = SimpleKeyPairData(
+      keyBytes,
+      publicKey: publicKey,
+      type: processor.keyPairType,
+    );
+
+    return SimpleEd25519(keyPair: keypair);
+  }
+}

useragent/lib/main.dart

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 import 'package:arbiter/router.dart';
-import 'package:arbiter/src/rust/frb_generated.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart' hide Router;
 import 'package:hooks_riverpod/hooks_riverpod.dart';
 import 'package:sizer/sizer.dart';
 
-Future<void> main() async {
+void main() {
   WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
-  await RustLib.init();
   runApp(const ProviderScope(child: App()));
 }
 
@@ -35,5 +33,3 @@ class _AppState extends State<App> {
     );
   }
 }
-
-

useragent/lib/proto/shared/evm.pb.dart

@@ -414,79 +414,6 @@ class GasLimitExceededViolation extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
   void clearMaxPriorityFeePerGas() => $_clearField(2);
 }
 
-class EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
-  factory EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch({
-    $fixnum.Int64? expected,
-    $fixnum.Int64? actual,
-  }) {
-    final result = create();
-    if (expected != null) result.expected = expected;
-    if (actual != null) result.actual = actual;
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch._();
-
-  factory EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch.fromBuffer($core.List<$core.int> data,
-          [$pb.ExtensionRegistry registry = $pb.ExtensionRegistry.EMPTY]) =>
-      create()..mergeFromBuffer(data, registry);
-  factory EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch.fromJson($core.String json,
-          [$pb.ExtensionRegistry registry = $pb.ExtensionRegistry.EMPTY]) =>
-      create()..mergeFromJson(json, registry);
-
-  static final $pb.BuilderInfo _i = $pb.BuilderInfo(
-      _omitMessageNames ? '' : 'EvalViolation.ChainIdMismatch',
-      package:
-          const $pb.PackageName(_omitMessageNames ? '' : 'arbiter.shared.evm'),
-      createEmptyInstance: create)
-    ..a<$fixnum.Int64>(
-        1, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'expected', $pb.PbFieldType.OU6,
-        defaultOrMaker: $fixnum.Int64.ZERO)
-    ..a<$fixnum.Int64>(2, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'actual', $pb.PbFieldType.OU6,
-        defaultOrMaker: $fixnum.Int64.ZERO)
-    ..hasRequiredFields = false;
-
-  @$core.Deprecated('See https://github.com/google/protobuf.dart/issues/998.')
-  EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch clone() => deepCopy();
-  @$core.Deprecated('See https://github.com/google/protobuf.dart/issues/998.')
-  EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch copyWith(
-          void Function(EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch) updates) =>
-      super.copyWith(
-              (message) => updates(message as EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch))
-          as EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch;
-
-  @$core.override
-  $pb.BuilderInfo get info_ => _i;
-
-  @$core.pragma('dart2js:noInline')
-  static EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch create() =>
-      EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch._();
-  @$core.override
-  EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch createEmptyInstance() => create();
-  @$core.pragma('dart2js:noInline')
-  static EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch getDefault() => _defaultInstance ??=
-      $pb.GeneratedMessage.$_defaultFor<EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch>(create);
-  static EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch? _defaultInstance;
-
-  @$pb.TagNumber(1)
-  $fixnum.Int64 get expected => $_getI64(0);
-  @$pb.TagNumber(1)
-  set expected($fixnum.Int64 value) => $_setInt64(0, value);
-  @$pb.TagNumber(1)
-  $core.bool hasExpected() => $_has(0);
-  @$pb.TagNumber(1)
-  void clearExpected() => $_clearField(1);
-
-  @$pb.TagNumber(2)
-  $fixnum.Int64 get actual => $_getI64(1);
-  @$pb.TagNumber(2)
-  set actual($fixnum.Int64 value) => $_setInt64(1, value);
-  @$pb.TagNumber(2)
-  $core.bool hasActual() => $_has(1);
-  @$pb.TagNumber(2)
-  void clearActual() => $_clearField(2);
-}
-
 enum EvalViolation_Kind {
   invalidTarget,
   gasLimitExceeded,
@@ -494,7 +421,6 @@ enum EvalViolation_Kind {
   volumetricLimitExceeded,
   invalidTime,
   invalidTransactionType,
-  chainIdMismatch,
   notSet
 }
 
@@ -506,7 +432,6 @@ class EvalViolation extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
     $0.Empty? volumetricLimitExceeded,
     $0.Empty? invalidTime,
     $0.Empty? invalidTransactionType,
-    EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch? chainIdMismatch,
   }) {
     final result = create();
     if (invalidTarget != null) result.invalidTarget = invalidTarget;
@@ -517,7 +442,6 @@ class EvalViolation extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
     if (invalidTime != null) result.invalidTime = invalidTime;
     if (invalidTransactionType != null)
       result.invalidTransactionType = invalidTransactionType;
-    if (chainIdMismatch != null) result.chainIdMismatch = chainIdMismatch;
     return result;
   }
 
@@ -538,7 +462,6 @@ class EvalViolation extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
     4: EvalViolation_Kind.volumetricLimitExceeded,
     5: EvalViolation_Kind.invalidTime,
     6: EvalViolation_Kind.invalidTransactionType,
-    7: EvalViolation_Kind.chainIdMismatch,
     0: EvalViolation_Kind.notSet
   };
   static final $pb.BuilderInfo _i = $pb.BuilderInfo(
@@ -546,7 +469,7 @@ class EvalViolation extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
       package:
           const $pb.PackageName(_omitMessageNames ? '' : 'arbiter.shared.evm'),
       createEmptyInstance: create)
-    ..oo(0, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+    ..oo(0, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
     ..a<$core.List<$core.int>>(
         1, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'invalidTarget', $pb.PbFieldType.OY)
     ..aOM<GasLimitExceededViolation>(
@@ -560,9 +483,6 @@ class EvalViolation extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
         subBuilder: $0.Empty.create)
     ..aOM<$0.Empty>(6, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'invalidTransactionType',
         subBuilder: $0.Empty.create)
-    ..aOM<EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch>(
-        7, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'chainIdMismatch',
-        subBuilder: EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch.create)
     ..hasRequiredFields = false;
 
   @$core.Deprecated('See https://github.com/google/protobuf.dart/issues/998.')
@@ -590,7 +510,6 @@ class EvalViolation extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
   @$pb.TagNumber(4)
   @$pb.TagNumber(5)
   @$pb.TagNumber(6)
-  @$pb.TagNumber(7)
   EvalViolation_Kind whichKind() => _EvalViolation_KindByTag[$_whichOneof(0)]!;
   @$pb.TagNumber(1)
   @$pb.TagNumber(2)
@@ -598,7 +517,6 @@ class EvalViolation extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
   @$pb.TagNumber(4)
   @$pb.TagNumber(5)
   @$pb.TagNumber(6)
-  @$pb.TagNumber(7)
   void clearKind() => $_clearField($_whichOneof(0));
 
   @$pb.TagNumber(1)
@@ -664,18 +582,6 @@ class EvalViolation extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
   void clearInvalidTransactionType() => $_clearField(6);
   @$pb.TagNumber(6)
   $0.Empty ensureInvalidTransactionType() => $_ensure(5);
-
-  @$pb.TagNumber(7)
-  EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch get chainIdMismatch => $_getN(6);
-  @$pb.TagNumber(7)
-  set chainIdMismatch(EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch value) =>
-      $_setField(7, value);
-  @$pb.TagNumber(7)
-  $core.bool hasChainIdMismatch() => $_has(6);
-  @$pb.TagNumber(7)
-  void clearChainIdMismatch() => $_clearField(7);
-  @$pb.TagNumber(7)
-  EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch ensureChainIdMismatch() => $_ensure(6);
 }
 
 /// Transaction was classified but no grant covers it

useragent/lib/proto/shared/evm.pbjson.dart

@@ -195,31 +195,12 @@ const EvalViolation$json = {
       '9': 0,
       '10': 'invalidTransactionType'
     },
-    {
-      '1': 'chain_id_mismatch',
-      '3': 7,
-      '4': 1,
-      '5': 11,
-      '6': '.arbiter.shared.evm.EvalViolation.ChainIdMismatch',
-      '9': 0,
-      '10': 'chainIdMismatch'
-    },
   ],
-  '3': [EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch$json],
   '8': [
     {'1': 'kind'},
   ],
 };
 
-@$core.Deprecated('Use evalViolationDescriptor instead')
-const EvalViolation_ChainIdMismatch$json = {
-  '1': 'ChainIdMismatch',
-  '2': [
-    {'1': 'expected', '3': 1, '4': 1, '5': 4, '10': 'expected'},
-    {'1': 'actual', '3': 2, '4': 1, '5': 4, '10': 'actual'},
-  ],
-};
-
 /// Descriptor for `EvalViolation`. Decode as a `google.protobuf.DescriptorProto`.
 final $typed_data.Uint8List evalViolationDescriptor = $convert.base64Decode(
     'Cg1FdmFsVmlvbGF0aW9uEicKDmludmFsaWRfdGFyZ2V0GAEgASgMSABSDWludmFsaWRUYXJnZX'
@@ -230,10 +211,7 @@ final $typed_data.Uint8List evalViolationDescriptor = $convert.base64Decode(
     'YuRW1wdHlIAFIXdm9sdW1ldHJpY0xpbWl0RXhjZWVkZWQSOwoMaW52YWxpZF90aW1lGAUgASgL'
     'MhYuZ29vZ2xlLnByb3RvYnVmLkVtcHR5SABSC2ludmFsaWRUaW1lElIKGGludmFsaWRfdHJhbn'
     'NhY3Rpb25fdHlwZRgGIAEoCzIWLmdvb2dsZS5wcm90b2J1Zi5FbXB0eUgAUhZpbnZhbGlkVHJh'
-    'bnNhY3Rpb25UeXBlEl8KEWNoYWluX2lkX21pc21hdGNoGAcgASgLMjEuYXJiaXRlci5zaGFyZW'
+    'bnNhY3Rpb25UeXBlQgYKBGtpbmQ=');
-    'QuZXZtLkV2YWxWaW9sYXRpb24uQ2hhaW5JZE1pc21hdGNoSABSD2NoYWluSWRNaXNtYXRjaBpF'
-    'Cg9DaGFpbklkTWlzbWF0Y2gSGgoIZXhwZWN0ZWQYASABKARSCGV4cGVjdGVkEhYKBmFjdHVhbB'
-    'gCIAEoBFIGYWN0dWFsQgYKBGtpbmQ=');
 
 @$core.Deprecated('Use noMatchingGrantErrorDescriptor instead')
 const NoMatchingGrantError$json = {

useragent/lib/proto/user_agent/auth.pb.dart

@@ -24,10 +24,12 @@ class AuthChallengeRequest extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
   factory AuthChallengeRequest({
     $core.List<$core.int>? pubkey,
     $core.String? bootstrapToken,
+    KeyType? keyType,
   }) {
     final result = create();
     if (pubkey != null) result.pubkey = pubkey;
     if (bootstrapToken != null) result.bootstrapToken = bootstrapToken;
+    if (keyType != null) result.keyType = keyType;
     return result;
   }
 
@@ -48,6 +50,8 @@ class AuthChallengeRequest extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
     ..a<$core.List<$core.int>>(
         1, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'pubkey', $pb.PbFieldType.OY)
     ..aOS(2, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'bootstrapToken')
+    ..aE<KeyType>(3, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'keyType',
+        enumValues: KeyType.values)
     ..hasRequiredFields = false;
 
   @$core.Deprecated('See https://github.com/google/protobuf.dart/issues/998.')
@@ -86,6 +90,15 @@ class AuthChallengeRequest extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
   $core.bool hasBootstrapToken() => $_has(1);
   @$pb.TagNumber(2)
   void clearBootstrapToken() => $_clearField(2);
+
+  @$pb.TagNumber(3)
+  KeyType get keyType => $_getN(2);
+  @$pb.TagNumber(3)
+  set keyType(KeyType value) => $_setField(3, value);
+  @$pb.TagNumber(3)
+  $core.bool hasKeyType() => $_has(2);
+  @$pb.TagNumber(3)
+  void clearKeyType() => $_clearField(3);
 }
 
 class AuthChallenge extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {

useragent/lib/proto/user_agent/auth.pbenum.dart

@@ -14,6 +14,31 @@ import 'dart:core' as $core;
 
 import 'package:protobuf/protobuf.dart' as $pb;
 
+class KeyType extends $pb.ProtobufEnum {
+  static const KeyType KEY_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED =
+      KeyType._(0, _omitEnumNames ? '' : 'KEY_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED');
+  static const KeyType KEY_TYPE_ED25519 =
+      KeyType._(1, _omitEnumNames ? '' : 'KEY_TYPE_ED25519');
+  static const KeyType KEY_TYPE_ECDSA_SECP256K1 =
+      KeyType._(2, _omitEnumNames ? '' : 'KEY_TYPE_ECDSA_SECP256K1');
+  static const KeyType KEY_TYPE_RSA =
+      KeyType._(3, _omitEnumNames ? '' : 'KEY_TYPE_RSA');
+
+  static const $core.List<KeyType> values = <KeyType>[
+    KEY_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
+    KEY_TYPE_ED25519,
+    KEY_TYPE_ECDSA_SECP256K1,
+    KEY_TYPE_RSA,
+  ];
+
+  static final $core.List<KeyType?> _byValue =
+      $pb.ProtobufEnum.$_initByValueList(values, 3);
+  static KeyType? valueOf($core.int value) =>
+      value < 0 || value >= _byValue.length ? null : _byValue[value];
+
+  const KeyType._(super.value, super.name);
+}
+
 class AuthResult extends $pb.ProtobufEnum {
   static const AuthResult AUTH_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED =
       AuthResult._(0, _omitEnumNames ? '' : 'AUTH_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED');

useragent/lib/proto/user_agent/auth.pbjson.dart

@@ -15,6 +15,22 @@ import 'dart:convert' as $convert;
 import 'dart:core' as $core;
 import 'dart:typed_data' as $typed_data;
 
+@$core.Deprecated('Use keyTypeDescriptor instead')
+const KeyType$json = {
+  '1': 'KeyType',
+  '2': [
+    {'1': 'KEY_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED', '2': 0},
+    {'1': 'KEY_TYPE_ED25519', '2': 1},
+    {'1': 'KEY_TYPE_ECDSA_SECP256K1', '2': 2},
+    {'1': 'KEY_TYPE_RSA', '2': 3},
+  ],
+};
+
+/// Descriptor for `KeyType`. Decode as a `google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto`.
+final $typed_data.Uint8List keyTypeDescriptor = $convert.base64Decode(
+    'CgdLZXlUeXBlEhgKFEtFWV9UWVBFX1VOU1BFQ0lGSUVEEAASFAoQS0VZX1RZUEVfRUQyNTUxOR'
+    'ABEhwKGEtFWV9UWVBFX0VDRFNBX1NFQ1AyNTZLMRACEhAKDEtFWV9UWVBFX1JTQRAD');
+
 @$core.Deprecated('Use authResultDescriptor instead')
 const AuthResult$json = {
   '1': 'AuthResult',
@@ -51,6 +67,14 @@ const AuthChallengeRequest$json = {
       '10': 'bootstrapToken',
       '17': true
     },
+    {
+      '1': 'key_type',
+      '3': 3,
+      '4': 1,
+      '5': 14,
+      '6': '.arbiter.user_agent.auth.KeyType',
+      '10': 'keyType'
+    },
   ],
   '8': [
     {'1': '_bootstrap_token'},
@@ -60,8 +84,9 @@ const AuthChallengeRequest$json = {
 /// Descriptor for `AuthChallengeRequest`. Decode as a `google.protobuf.DescriptorProto`.
 final $typed_data.Uint8List authChallengeRequestDescriptor = $convert.base64Decode(
     'ChRBdXRoQ2hhbGxlbmdlUmVxdWVzdBIWCgZwdWJrZXkYASABKAxSBnB1YmtleRIsCg9ib290c3'
-    'RyYXBfdG9rZW4YAiABKAlIAFIOYm9vdHN0cmFwVG9rZW6IAQFCEgoQX2Jvb3RzdHJhcF90b2tl'
+    'RyYXBfdG9rZW4YAiABKAlIAFIOYm9vdHN0cmFwVG9rZW6IAQESOwoIa2V5X3R5cGUYAyABKA4y'
-    'bg==');
+    'IC5hcmJpdGVyLnVzZXJfYWdlbnQuYXV0aC5LZXlUeXBlUgdrZXlUeXBlQhIKEF9ib290c3RyYX'
+    'BfdG9rZW4=');
 
 @$core.Deprecated('Use authChallengeDescriptor instead')
 const AuthChallenge$json = {

useragent/lib/providers/connection/bootstrap_token.dart

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+
+
 import 'package:riverpod_annotation/riverpod_annotation.dart';
 
 part 'bootstrap_token.g.dart';